Laws passed by Congress in 1793 and 1850 that allowed the capture and return of ensalved people who escaped to free states or territories.

Any person aiding a fugitive by providing food or shelter was subject to six months’ imprisonment and a $1,000 fine.

Heightened sectional tensions fueled the abolitionist movement, ultimately contributing to the Civil War and the Underground Railroad.

Banning the slave trade meant that slave owners could only increase their slave population through ''natural increase.''.

Over 2,000 lynchings were performed during Reconstruction

KKK, White League, and Knights of White Camelia

Extreme torture, such as whipping, burning, etc.

Mainly aimed at Black individuals and white Southern Republicans

Farming system: Rented land in exchange for crops produced

• Led to a constant system of reliance upon the owners; a continuous cycle of "debt" (intended for former slaves to be unable to own land)

• Landowners: Owned land and allowed former slaves to "rent" out their land

• Sharecroppers: Cultivated crops while still paid rent to the former slaveowners (now landowners)

Black Codes: Restricted laws enacted specifically in Southern States (post-war) to limit AA freedom

• Maintained system of forced labor

• Vagrancy Law: Criminalized unemployment; allowed for force labor of slaves especially if they couldn't prove they had a law

• Labor Contract: Required yearly labor contracts w/ former owners; punished if went against contract or left it

• Restrictions on Property/Rights: African Americans were limited in the option to own land, as well as participate in voting

• Apprenticeship: Allowed the hiring of young African Americans to work (essentially child labor)