Word list:

Centibots Project - experiment to explore if hundreds of robots could collaborate to one mission.

DARPA - Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency

Word List:

Predator - animals which hunt other animals

Flock, School, Herd - group of animals

Main Idea: Fish in a school work together to detect predators more efficiently than an individual fish could, thanks to their collective sensing and communication.

• Key Words/Names:

  • School of fish: A large group of fish swimming together, often exhibiting collective behavior.

  • Predator detection: The ability of fish to sense danger from a predator as a group.

Paragraph Q:

Main Idea: When threatened by a predator, a school of fish can scatter in unpredictable ways to make it difficult for the predator to target any single fish.

• Key Words/Names:

  • Scattering patterns: The way fish move to confuse predators, including explosive dispersals or forming protective shapes.

  • Moving bubble: A protective strategy where fish form a dynamic space around the predator.

  • Fracturing: The fish breaking into smaller groups to avoid predation.

Paragraph R:

Main Idea: Swarm intelligence allows animals like ants, bees, and other species to solve complex problems using simple, decentralized rules and local cues.

• Key Words/Names:

  • Swarm intelligence: The collective behavior of decentralized systems, like groups of animals working together without central control.

  • Decentralized control: A system where no single individual is in charge, but collective actions emerge from simple rules.

Paragraph S:

Main Idea: Decentralized systems, such as self-organizing traffic patterns, could be a powerful way to solve complex problems, although humans are not used to thinking in such a way.

• Key Words/Names:

  • Icosystem Corporation: A company focused on complexity theory and emergent systems.

  • Self-organizing systems: Systems that regulate themselves without external control, like traffic shaping itself through individual actions.

Tony

key words:

instructions: three basic rules

realistically: fact

Key word:

central agent: leader

swarmanoid: a group of robot work together

This passage introduces the concept of intelligent groups, which form complex group behaviors through simple behavioral rules of individuals, such as how bees make collective decisions, or the precise coordination of the movements of schools of fish and flocks of birds, and uses the example of pigeons in Washington, D.C. Pigeons have no leaders, but they respond to each other through simple rules, observe the movements of neighboring individuals, and follow simple behavioral rules to achieve coordinated group actions.

coordinate （arrange, order）

precisely (even)

word list:

Military: For army

Capabilities: Abilities to do something.