Why did the revolution start?

• The American colonists were unhappy with the taxes and other restrictions placed on them by Great Britain. They also could not decide the future of their colonies (they did not have full representation in the British Parliament).

How did the revolution begin?

• The Boston Tea Party (1773)

Protesting against high taxes on tea, colonists in the docks threw tea reserves from British ships into the sea.

• Battles of Lexington and Concord (1775)

Beginning of armed conflict

Important moments of the Revolution

• Declaration of Independence (1776)

  - On June 4, 1776, the 13 colonies signed the Declaration of Independence, officially becoming independent states.

  - With the signing, the colonies openly confronted British rule and began a fight for freedom, the protests became a fullforce war between the two nations thanks to the Declaration of Independence

Battle of Saratoga (1777)

• The colonies victory in the battle convinced France to support the colonies financially and militarily, France was joined by other European states

Battle of Yorktown (1781)

• The British general was surrounded and forced to end the war in a victory for the colonies

End of the war 1783

• In 1783 Treaty of Paris formally ended the war and Britain accepted the independence of the United States.

What and how did the Revolution affect?

• The formation of the United States

• Inspiration for other revolutions

I think that the American Revolution may have given hope and inspiration to other countries that wanted freedom

• Britain lost a important colony, which weakened its power.

• The US was able to control trade and the whole economy itself,

a debate on freedom, equality and human rights was opened.

source:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WFYcZcJwSqQ

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vatlvj8CekA

• European powers slowly took over and ruled most part of Africa

• The whole thing started in the 15th century with the Portuguese and Spanish explorations

• The whole situation escalated with the Berlin Conference, which is why the beginning of the dividing of Africa is dated 1884-1885

Berlin Conference

• Europe wanted to set the ‘rules of colonization’

• African leaders were NOT invited to the conference (their territories were decided without them)

• The conference allowed the powers to legally divide Africa

Why did European powers start colonizing into Africa?

ECONOMIC REASONS - European powers wanted to take profit from the mineral sources Africa had to offer (gold, ropa, diamonds)

POLITICAL REASONS - Great Britain or France wanted to confirm and improve their place in Europe, so they expanded their influence with new colonies

EXPANSION OF CHRISTIANITY - People from Europe also saw colonization as a “moral mission” They went to Africa to convert the local population to the Christian religion

Consequences of colonization

• Before colonization Africa was only 10% controlled by Europe after colonization it was 90%

• Africa only acted as a source of raw materials for Europe, countries are poor and still dependent on exporting raw materials

• Europe divided Africa using artificial borders, locals had a hard time getting along.

• After the europeans left Africa they had to take over the government but they didn't know how to run a country that was set up very different from what they were used to, that's why there were many civil wars.

• the revolution started in the second half of the 18th century

• it started in England and from there it continued to expand all over the world

• the revolution was able to start because at that time people had enough food and therefore the population grew and developed

What was that?

• change in industry - manual labour was replaced by machines

• people started working in factories so they moved to cities

IMPORTANT INVENTIONS

• Steam engine (James Watt) - used in factories and transport.

• Textile machines - speeding up the production of textiles.

• engineering production - railways, locomotives.

• Coal mines - coal was the main source of energy.

Good things about the Revolution:

• people only travel for days instead of months

• they started to use machines or animals for work

• thanks to the telegraph, people could communicate with each other over long distances in minutes

• faster and cheaper production of goods

Bad things about the Revolution:

• poor working conditions in factories

• children also worked

• the cities were very crowded, dirty and the hygienic conditions were very poor

Social classes

LOW CLASS:

• people who worked for minimum money in factories

• they lived in a small room

• they had only one outfit, and they had to be very economical with their food, because they basically had no food

MIDLLE CALSS:

• people who became managers in factories

• lived in houses, could travel(by train)

• had free time which they spent on tennis courts or watching other sports

UPPER CLASS:

• People who owned factories

• spent their days at parties

• lived in huge houses

SOUTH = large plantations with slaves

How did the conflict start?

• A new political party was created – the Republicans. They wanted to end slavery. Farmers, workers, and others joined them.

• In the presidential election of 1860, the Republican Party won with Abraham Lincoln as their leader.

• 11 states left the Union and created the Confederacy (1860–1861). Their leader was Jefferson Davis.

• In April 1861, the Confederacy took Fort Sumter in Charleston.

The South

• At the beginning, the South had a military advantage because all citizens could join the army (slaves worked for them).

• The main general was Robert E. Lee, who was said to be the best soldier in the USA at that time.

The North

• The North had only 70,000 volunteers. But it was more developed. Most weapon factories and a big part of all industry were in the North.

• Their generals were Ulysses S. Grant and William T. Sherman.

The Battle of Gettysburg (July 1863)

• This was a turning point in the war – it stopped the South from expanding.

• The Union won.

• It was the bloodiest battle of the whole war.

• Lincoln’s speech made the battle a symbol of the fight for equality and freedom.
  (Link: https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gettysbursk%C3%BD_projev)

End of the conflict

• April 9, 1865 – Appomattox

• General Lee surrendered to General Grant (he gave him his sword).

Consequences

• More than 600,000 Americans died – more than in all other wars together.

• Abraham Lincoln was killed in Ford’s Theatre.

• The time of Reconstruction (1865–1877) started. The North sent money to the South to help rebuild it.

• Slavery was ended – but segregation started. In the southern states, Black people were free, but they didn’t have equal rights. They had separate schools, churches, and so on.