Spinal Cord Injury - Stephen Hawking by Brittany Miller https://padlet.com/2031082/mvfoxejsx6r5 Calista Smith and Brittany Miller en-us 2017-10-03 18:27:48 UTC 2017-10-10 17:41:23 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/icons/Planets.png Stephen Hawking 203573 https://padlet.com/2031082/mvfoxejsx6r5/wish/195435333 Stephen Hawking was born with a rare disease called ALS, a nervous system disease that weakens muscles and impacts physical function.
CS]]> 2017-10-10 03:32:22 UTC https://padlet.com/2031082/mvfoxejsx6r5/wish/195435333 Medical Information #1 203573 https://padlet.com/2031082/mvfoxejsx6r5/wish/195435708 Hawking has a rare early-onset slow-progressing form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as motor neurone disease or Lou Gehrig's disease, that has gradually paralysed him over the decades. 
CS]]> 2017-10-10 03:36:19 UTC https://padlet.com/2031082/mvfoxejsx6r5/wish/195435708 Medical Information #2 203573 https://padlet.com/2031082/mvfoxejsx6r5/wish/195435964 Each muscle is controlled by motor neurons that reside in the brain in the frontal lobe. These are controlled electrically and are connected to motor neurons that reside lower down in the brain—as well as motor neurons that reside in the spinal cord. The guys in the brain are called the upper motor neurons, and the guys in the spine are called the lower motor neurons. The disease causes weakness of either upper motor neurons or lower motor neurons or both.
CS]]> 2017-10-10 03:38:20 UTC https://padlet.com/2031082/mvfoxejsx6r5/wish/195435964 Physical Challenge #1 203573 https://padlet.com/2031082/mvfoxejsx6r5/wish/195436164 Symptoms start as muscle twitching and weakness in the arms and legs and slight slurring of speech. Eventually, ALS affects the muscles needed to move, speak, eat, and breathe.
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]]> 2017-10-10 03:40:02 UTC https://padlet.com/2031082/mvfoxejsx6r5/wish/195436164 Physical Challenge #2 203573 https://padlet.com/2031082/mvfoxejsx6r5/wish/195436239 Hawking also faced struggles with eating and feeding himself. Now he has 24-hour nurses that feed him – a surprisingly violent manoeuvre involving pushing the food down his throat because of his impaired swallowing reflex.
CS]]> 2017-10-10 03:40:42 UTC https://padlet.com/2031082/mvfoxejsx6r5/wish/195436239 Citations 203573 https://padlet.com/2031082/mvfoxejsx6r5/wish/195436334
  • https://goo.gl/jURZcU 
  • https://goo.gl/7sgupv
  • https://goo.gl/Lsu6vj
  • https://goo.gl/RN97je 
  • https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/stephen-hawking-als/
  • http://www.alsa.org/about-als/?referrer=https://www.google.com/
    • ]]>     2017-10-10 03:41:22 UTC https://padlet.com/2031082/mvfoxejsx6r5/wish/195436334     Physical Challenge #3 2031082 https://padlet.com/2031082/mvfoxejsx6r5/wish/195668877 Because ALS affects the nervous system, Hawking can no longer walk or move and requires a specialized wheelchair to get around.
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    ]]>     2017-10-10 15:41:59 UTC https://padlet.com/2031082/mvfoxejsx6r5/wish/195668877     Physical Challenge #4 2031082 https://padlet.com/2031082/mvfoxejsx6r5/wish/195670459 Hawking speaks with the help of a speech system which is only able to communicate by using a small sensor which is activated by a muscle in his cheek. He uses this sensor to 'type' characters and numbers on his keyboard.
    BM]]>     2017-10-10 15:44:10 UTC https://padlet.com/2031082/mvfoxejsx6r5/wish/195670459     Medical Information #3 2031082 https://padlet.com/2031082/mvfoxejsx6r5/wish/195702092 It's been known for quite some time that there are variants of ALS. One is referred to as progressive muscular atrophy, or PMA. It appears to be an isolated illness of the lower motor neurons
    BM]]>     2017-10-10 16:38:40 UTC https://padlet.com/2031082/mvfoxejsx6r5/wish/195702092     Medical Information #4 2031082 https://padlet.com/2031082/mvfoxejsx6r5/wish/195702784 The progressive degeneration of the motor neurons in ALS eventually leads to their death. When the motor neurons  die, the ability of the brain to initiate and control muscle movement is lost. With voluntary muscle action progressively affected, patients in the later stages of the disease may become totally paralyzed.
    BM]]>     2017-10-10 16:40:01 UTC https://padlet.com/2031082/mvfoxejsx6r5/wish/195702784