According to Syaiful Bahri Djamarah (2011: 235) learning difficulties are a condition where students cannot learn properly, due to threats, obstacles or disturbances in learning. According to Thursan Hakim (2005: 14) learning difficulties are a condition that causes obstacles in a person's learning process.

Factors Causing Difficulties in Learning English

1. Internal factors such as Perception, Memory Ability, Cognitive Processes, and Attention

2. External Factors such as Situations outside and Before school, Situations at School.

Symptoms of Learning Difficulties

Some behaviors that are manifestations of symptoms of learning difficulties include:

1. Showing low learning outcomes below the average value achieved by the group or below the potential they have.

2. The results achieved are not balanced with the efforts that have been made. There may be students who have tried hard to study, but the grades they get are low.

3. Slow in doing learning tasks and always lagging behind his friends from the time provided.

4. Showing inappropriate attitudes, such as: indifference, opposition, pretending, lying and so on.

5. Showing abnormal behavior, such as playing truant, coming late, not doing homework, disturbing in or outside the classroom, not taking notes, not being regular in learning activities, and so on.

6. Showing emotional symptoms that are not normal, such as: gloomy, easily offended, angry, not or less happy in facing certain situations. For example, in facing low grades, not showing feelings of sadness or regret, and so on.

https://ejournal2.undip.ac.id/index.php/culturalistics/article/view/2050

The difficulties of learning English for basic English learners stem from several key areas, including challenges with word classes, pronunciation, and phonetic characteristics. Basic English learners often struggle with the inconsistency of word classes, where a single word can function as both a noun and a verb without any change in form. This is further complicated by the fact that the meaning of the word changes based on its context within a sentence.

Pronunciation poses another significant hurdle for these learners, mainly because the English language contains sounds that do not exist in Indonesian. Consequently, learners may mispronounce certain sounds by replacing them with similar sounds from their native language. The distribution of phonetic characteristics also contributes to pronunciation difficulties.

Additionally, basic English learners face challenges due to the lack of correlation between spelling and pronunciation in English. This inconsistency can lead to confusion and errors in pronunciation, as learners may struggle to determine the correct way to pronounce a word based solely on its spelling. Word stress is another crucial aspect of English pronunciation that can be difficult for learners to master.

In summary, learning English presents numerous challenges for basic learners, ranging from the complexities of word classes to the nuances of pronunciation and phonetic characteristics. Overcoming these obstacles requires a focused and comprehensive approach to language learning, with emphasis on mastering the intricacies of English grammar, pronunciation, and vocabulary.