Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the fairness norm considerations and reactions to violations through both violent offenders and non-violent individuals.
Evidence: Antisocial-Personality Disorder (ASPD) is a disorder that affects many of the basic functions of the human brain. An individual with ASPD experiences a lack of empathy, a tendency to lie, aggression, violence, and a decreased function of one's conscience. The disruption of one’s fairness norm considerations may affect one’s maintenance and extent of ASPD. The anterior cingulate cortex promotes regulation and conflict monitoring, both in which will stimulate when multiple situations arise and there needs to be an immediate response present. It was shown that there is a conflict between rational and irrational motives in ASPD patients as well as psychopaths. This alters an individuals response to certain situations, therefore creating a more violent and aggravated outcome, as opposed to the healthy group. Both the AVO's and CTL's were given fair vs. unfair scenarios, and it was found that AVO’s (antisocial violent offenders) were all described to contain more aggression and violent behaviors as well as higher levels of psychopathy as opposed to the CTL group (healthy controls).
Implications: The implications of this study are significant to the fact that Antisocial-Personality Disorder can lead to extreme behavioral changes and other aggressive behaviors, indicating that ASPD can be plausible in the case that future criminal behaviors can be performed. ASPD can also be ruled as a form of psychopathy, furthermore, implying the fact that criminals who have ASPD can be pleaded as legally insane, dropping the severity of the case.  

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to distinguish the various forms of psychopathy and abnormal behaviors were observed in the forensic case report of Mr. Z.
Evidence: His case report suggests that he had been experiencing several psychopathic behaviors and severe behavioral changes and shifts during the time that the crime was committed. Many reports and criminals can amplify the research done to further expand psychopathy, given that most criminal careers are heavily based on psychopathy and behavioral disorders. This led to further research on psychopathy within criminals and the behaviors that are implied. This also led to the influence psychopathy can have on people, including several forms of criminal behavior and other impulsivities.
Implications: The implications of this study are significant in that Mr. Z’s case has led to a wide expansion of research being done all round the world since the 1940’s to improve the criminal justice system and attempt to prevent criminal behaviors in some cases of psychopathy. This can be connected to the ongoing study of how psychopathy and other disorders are linked to criminal behaviors within people by the several articles and reports of the analysis of Mr. Z’s homicide case in relation to neuroscience, behavioral disorders, and other forms of aggression within not only criminals, but other people as well. 

Evidence: The scarlet gene is a gene inherited by various groups of people in which they have a tendency to develop a higher risk for drug abuse, alcohol abuse, and many other forms of substance abuse. Due to this, the scarlet gene could be ruled out as a form of defense in court against the case if the offender was under the influence of drugs or alcohol during the time of the crime. Some argue that the scarlet gene should be used as a defense during court as it compromises one's actions and thoughts. The results of this study conclude that the severity of the gene will always vary, and it is difficult to conclude whether or not it has a greater effect on an individual or not.
Implications: The implications of this study are significant to the fact that it is extremely difficult to plead the scarlet gene as defense to a criminal during court trials. Similar to the BRCA gene, the chances of developing the disease are significantly increased as well as the severity of the disease, but it is more difficult to assume the extent of the gene when it is not present at the given moment of the crime. Along the ongoing debate of whether or not criminals should be fully responsible for their crimes if they have mental and behavioral disorders, the scarlet gene falls under a significant category of this conflict.

Implications: The implications of this study are extremely significant in not only people who are diagnosed with ASPD, but also criminal offenders and the criminal behavior exhibited within a person. If one can distinguish the aggressors and impulsivities of a person before high levels of aggression and criminal activity is displayed, then that could not only benefit the offender that is suffering from ASPD, but the rest of the community. This can help further establish the treatment that is necessary for the diagnosis and prevent other harmful aggressions.