Thank You for Arguing by James Harlan https://padlet.com/jharla5711/mt1magf67g8g Summer Reading en-us 2018-08-30 12:44:50 UTC 2026-01-20 15:25:51 UTC hello@padlet.com 1. Chapter 1 jharla5711 https://padlet.com/jharla5711/mt1magf67g8g/wish/276558320 "A figure of speech called chiasmus. This figure repeats a phrase with its mirror image"(Heinrichs 11). 
I gained insight from this because it evokes a powerful response from your audience. Chiasmus can change your view in one sentence. 
Ex: "Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country"(John F. Kennedy). ]]> 2018-08-30 13:04:06 UTC https://padlet.com/jharla5711/mt1magf67g8g/wish/276558320 2. Chapter 2 jharla5711 https://padlet.com/jharla5711/mt1magf67g8g/wish/276561764 "The difference between an argument and a fight: You fight to win; you argue to to achieve agreement"(Heinrichs 17). 
This insight on the difference between an argument and a fight change my whole perspective on the two. It tells me that argument is done skillfully and with a purpose. Fighting is just a way to release anger and to get your way forcefully. ]]> 2018-08-30 13:12:30 UTC https://padlet.com/jharla5711/mt1magf67g8g/wish/276561764 3. Chapter 3 jharla5711 https://padlet.com/jharla5711/mt1magf67g8g/wish/276564747 "According to Aristotle, all issues boiled down to three : Blame, Values, and choice"(Heinrichs 27). 
This gave me insight that every argument springs from three issues and there is different ways to handle them. You have to know what core issue you are arguing in order to have a valid chance at the argument. 
EX: Should abortion be legal? VALUES 
Did OJ do it? BLAME
Should we dance? CHOICE ]]> 2018-08-30 13:20:37 UTC https://padlet.com/jharla5711/mt1magf67g8g/wish/276564747 4. Chapter 3 jharla5711 https://padlet.com/jharla5711/mt1magf67g8g/wish/276569018 "If you find an argument spinning out of control, try switching the tense"(Heinrichs 28).
From this I learned that the tense you argue in depends on what you want out of the argument. If you argue in present tense tends to lead to bonding or separating, Past-tense threatens punishment, and future promises a payoff. What I got from this is to know what you want from the argument. ]]> 2018-08-30 13:30:44 UTC https://padlet.com/jharla5711/mt1magf67g8g/wish/276569018 5. Chapter 4 jharla5711 https://padlet.com/jharla5711/mt1magf67g8g/wish/276867784 "I employed Aristotle's three most powerful tools of persuasion: Argument by Character, Argument by logic, and Argument by emotion"(Heinrichs 38).
Each persuasion tool is closely related with an appeal. 
Argument by character = Ethos (makes you look trustworthy) - most important
Argument by logic = Logos (uses what your audience is saying) 
Argument by emotion = Pathos (share the audiences mood) ]]> 2018-08-31 12:43:53 UTC https://padlet.com/jharla5711/mt1magf67g8g/wish/276867784 6. Chapter 6 jharla5711 https://padlet.com/jharla5711/mt1magf67g8g/wish/276873103 "You want your audience to be receptive, attentive, and they should like and trust you"(Heinrichs 57). 
These qualities make up the perfect audience. All three of these require Argument by character (ethos). The audience has to consider you a good person who wants to do the right thing. ]]> 2018-08-31 13:00:32 UTC https://padlet.com/jharla5711/mt1magf67g8g/wish/276873103 7. Chapter 6 jharla5711 https://padlet.com/jharla5711/mt1magf67g8g/wish/276875094 "All of which boil down to Aristotle's three essential qualities of persuasive ethos: virtue or cause, practical wisdom or craft, and disinterest"(Heinrichs 57).
Virtue or cause - audience believes you share their values
Practical wisdom or craft - appear t know the right thing to do on every occasion
Disinterest - lack of bias, seem impartial, caring only about the audience's interest rather than your own. 

]]> 2018-08-31 13:07:19 UTC https://padlet.com/jharla5711/mt1magf67g8g/wish/276875094 Chapter 6 major info jharla5711 https://padlet.com/jharla5711/mt1magf67g8g/wish/276878090 Virtue - adapt the values of your audience
Among the ways to pump up your rhetorical virtue: Brag, Get a witness to brag for you, Reveal a tactical flaw, Switch sides when the powers that be do - if you know you will lose, preempt your opponent by taking his side. ]]> 2018-08-31 13:15:37 UTC https://padlet.com/jharla5711/mt1magf67g8g/wish/276878090 8. Chapter 8 jharla5711 https://padlet.com/jharla5711/mt1magf67g8g/wish/277522165 "Cierco said you want your audience to be attentive, trusting, and willing to be persuaded"(Heinrichs 79). 
These three things appeal to the ethical appeal of your audience. The audience will be more engaged if they have the following traits. This what you should see out of an audience if you are going to use the ethos appeal. ]]> 2018-09-04 12:57:22 UTC https://padlet.com/jharla5711/mt1magf67g8g/wish/277522165 9. Chapter 11 jharla5711 https://padlet.com/jharla5711/mt1magf67g8g/wish/277525021 "THE ADVANTAGEOUS: base your argument on what's good for the audience, not for you"(Heinrichs 110). 
This is also known as Deliberative argument. you make the audience believe that your own choice is advantageous to them not you. It gives the audience what it values. ]]> 2018-09-04 13:03:17 UTC https://padlet.com/jharla5711/mt1magf67g8g/wish/277525021 10. Chapter 12 jharla5711 https://padlet.com/jharla5711/mt1magf67g8g/wish/277528143 "Here are the framing techniques: Commonplace words, broadcast context, and deal with the specific problem"(Heinrichs 134).
These simple techniques are the ways to which you persuade on your terms. First, picks words that favor you. Next, define the issue - one that appeals to the values of the widest audience. Then deal with the problem or choice, making sure to use the future tense. ]]> 2018-09-04 13:10:01 UTC https://padlet.com/jharla5711/mt1magf67g8g/wish/277528143 Chapter 2 major info jharla5711 https://padlet.com/jharla5711/mt1magf67g8g/wish/277534705 To determine the outcome of an argument: set personal goals and set goals for the audience. what do you want to change?
Concession: admitting to a flaw in your argument that will not damage your case irreparably. (makes audience more malleable - they'll assume you'll address all their doubts).
Cicero's goals for persuading people:
1. stimulate your audience's emotions
2. change its opinion 
3. get it to act 
*In order of difficulty ]]> 2018-09-04 13:21:56 UTC https://padlet.com/jharla5711/mt1magf67g8g/wish/277534705 Chapter 7 major info jharla5711 https://padlet.com/jharla5711/mt1magf67g8g/wish/277536406 Techniques for enhancing your practical wisdom: Show off your experience, bend the rules, and Appear to take the middle course]]> 2018-09-04 13:25:15 UTC https://padlet.com/jharla5711/mt1magf67g8g/wish/277536406 Chapter 8 major info jharla5711 https://padlet.com/jharla5711/mt1magf67g8g/wish/277537846 Caring or "disinterest" is the appearance of having the best interest of your audience. Tools to help: 
The reluctant conclusion - act like you reached a conclusion 
The personal sacrifice - claim that the choice will help the audience more than you. 
Dubitatio - show doubt in your rhetorical skills. 
Authenticity - make the audience think you're for real. ]]> 2018-09-04 13:27:29 UTC https://padlet.com/jharla5711/mt1magf67g8g/wish/277537846 Chapter 9 major info jharla5711 https://padlet.com/jharla5711/mt1magf67g8g/wish/277540346 Use pathos tools to rouse audience to action: 
Belief 
Storytelling
volume control
simple speech
anger
patriotism
emulation
unannounced emotion
nostalgia
desire or lust
persuasion gaps ]]> 2018-09-04 13:32:04 UTC https://padlet.com/jharla5711/mt1magf67g8g/wish/277540346 Chapter 12 major info jharla5711 https://padlet.com/jharla5711/mt1magf67g8g/wish/277542288 Terms for labeling: 
term changing
redefinition
definition jujitsu
definition judo

]]> 2018-09-04 13:35:29 UTC https://padlet.com/jharla5711/mt1magf67g8g/wish/277542288 Chapter 1 Major info jharla5711 https://padlet.com/jharla5711/mt1magf67g8g/wish/285478949 2018-09-25 13:14:51 UTC https://padlet.com/jharla5711/mt1magf67g8g/wish/285478949 Ch. 2 Cont. jharla5711 https://padlet.com/jharla5711/mt1magf67g8g/wish/285484737 Goals for arguing: 
1. Change your audience's mood 
2. Make them decide what you want them to (embed your opinion/choice within other)
3. Get the audience to do something or stop ]]> 2018-09-25 13:23:07 UTC https://padlet.com/jharla5711/mt1magf67g8g/wish/285484737 CH. 3 info jharla5711 https://padlet.com/jharla5711/mt1magf67g8g/wish/285998184
  • When arguing issues of blame, use past tense 
  • past deals with issues of justice 

    • Values : present tense 
    • rhetoric of the present deals with uniting or dividing people
    • many value based arguments are impossible
    Ex: Is there a god? Is homosexuality bad? Is abortion murder?
    ]]>     2018-09-26 13:18:35 UTC https://padlet.com/jharla5711/mt1magf67g8g/wish/285998184     Ch. 3 cont. jharla5711 https://padlet.com/jharla5711/mt1magf67g8g/wish/286003259 Choice : Future tense 
    • This is the rhetoric of decision making
    • Promises a pay-off
    • It weighs one choice against another, considering circumstances 
    • "People like choices not commands"  
    • Everything about it depends-on the people, the time
    ]]>     2018-09-26 13:26:00 UTC https://padlet.com/jharla5711/mt1magf67g8g/wish/286003259     Ch. 4-8 Info jharla5711 https://padlet.com/jharla5711/mt1magf67g8g/wish/286933394 Ethos: The credibility/believability appeal 
    an agreeable ethos matches the audience's expectations for a leader's tone, appearance, and manners
    • This is decorum "to fit" 
    • ethos has to do with a person's ability to fit in with groups 
    persuasive decorum changes to match the audience 
    • ask yourself, what do you expect? 

    CH 6
    Aristotle's 3 qualities of credibility:
    • Virtue - audience believes you share their values
    • wisdom - character references, Expertise of others 
    • disinterest - lack of bias, you are about their well-being 



    ]]>     2018-09-28 13:16:26 UTC https://padlet.com/jharla5711/mt1magf67g8g/wish/286933394     Ch 11 to 13 jharla5711 https://padlet.com/jharla5711/mt1magf67g8g/wish/288590029 Logos: the appeal to logic
    • Audiences want to hear an argument advantageous to them 
    • inductive reasoning: use all the given evidence to to come to a likely conclusion
    EX: use of evidence to draw a conclusion 
    • deductive reasoning:  when a premise leads to a conclusion, often, that premise is a commonplace. 
    EX: The declaration of Independence 
    • Commonplace: a value, assumption, belief, or attitude that your audience has 
    appealing to a commonplace is helpful when your audience shares your values 
    • Henrichs suggest rhetorical examples, argued inductively, can be more effective when your audience doesn't share your values or beliefs 
    Rhetorical examples: 
    • facts
    • comparisons 
    • stories 
    Enthymeme: a statement that relies n a commonplace that makes an assumption
    Syllogism: a logical statement
    • majaor premise: Mrs. Acker is a human 
    • minor premise: all humans have opposable thumbs 
    • conclusion: Mrs. Acker has opposable thumbs 
    Qualifiers: words that correct faulty logic 
    • may, might, could, at times, etc.
    ]]>     2018-10-03 13:03:32 UTC https://padlet.com/jharla5711/mt1magf67g8g/wish/288590029     CH. 9 to 10 jharla5711 https://padlet.com/jharla5711/mt1magf67g8g/wish/289127245 Pathos: emotional appeal 
    • done correctly, affects an audience's judgement 
    • Emotion comes from experience and expectation 
      • use what you have experienced in  the past and what it expects to happen in the future to get them to act
    Emotional appeal tips: 
    • when you want to change a mood, tell a story (anecdote) 
      • anecdote: a short, illustrative personal story 
    • speak simply 
    • use it near the end
    • works better in large groups 
    Some emotions work better than others: 
    • Shame and humiliation don't 
    • Anger, patriotism, and emulation do 
    • humor works best of all





    ]]>     2018-10-04 13:39:01 UTC https://padlet.com/jharla5711/mt1magf67g8g/wish/289127245     Argument(Consider audience) Ch 19-21 jharla5711 https://padlet.com/jharla5711/mt1magf67g8g/wish/290719361 To argue with audience in mind: 
    1. identify them
    • major identifiers 
    • age, race, ethnicity, gender, values, religion, etc. 
    2. adjust your language to meet that 
    3. attach a symbol - what does audience value? 





    ]]>     2018-10-09 13:25:54 UTC https://padlet.com/jharla5711/mt1magf67g8g/wish/290719361     CH. 23 and 24 jharla5711 https://padlet.com/jharla5711/mt1magf67g8g/wish/295918507
  • Kairos - the art of seizing the perfect instant for persuasion. 
  • when an audience's mood/beliefs are on the move (they seem open to discussion), you have a persuasive moment 
  • EX: Joseph Stalin, legislators (Las Vegas/Sandy Hook and gun control), Civil Rights discussions after the 2016 election (Black lives matter, Women's rights)

    • Ch. 24 medium 
    • The medium is the means through which you argue
    • sound: most logical 
    • smell: emotional
    • sight: emotional (except written word) 
    • touch: emotional 
    • taste: emotional 
    • blogs: visual = emotional

    ]]>     2018-10-23 13:15:09 UTC https://padlet.com/jharla5711/mt1magf67g8g/wish/295918507