History of Computers by Jennifer Morris https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1 You will be assigned at least 1 of each of these topics. For each topic you must: 1) Have 1-3 pictures, 2) Include a text summary that is short and concise, but explanative of your piece of computer history, 3) Please use the primary resource I have given you; but please feel free to use additional resources you find. en-us 2018-08-07 14:36:49 UTC 2025-12-22 03:50:49 UTC hello@padlet.com 2 -Napier's Bones jennifermorris24 https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272211360 2018-08-07 14:44:50 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272211360 3 - Slide Rule jennifermorris24 https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272211386 2018-08-07 14:45:04 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272211386 4 - Calculating Clock jennifermorris24 https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272211420 2018-08-07 14:45:28 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272211420 5 - Pascaline - 8 digit and 6 digit jennifermorris24 https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272211469 2018-08-07 14:45:46 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272211469 6 - Stepped Reckoner jennifermorris24 https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272211604 2018-08-07 14:46:43 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272211604 7 - Jacquard's Loom jennifermorris24 https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272211754 2018-08-07 14:47:45 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272211754 8 - Difference Engine jennifermorris24 https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272211859 2018-08-07 14:48:37 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272211859 9 - Analytic Engine jennifermorris24 https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272212021 2018-08-07 14:50:02 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272212021 10 - Hollerith Desk - IBM jennifermorris24 https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272212847 2018-08-07 14:56:14 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272212847 11 - Mark I jennifermorris24 https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272213010 2018-08-07 14:58:02 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272213010 12 - First Bug jennifermorris24 https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272213165 2018-08-07 14:59:28 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272213165 13 - IBM Stretch - 1959 jennifermorris24 https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272213379 2018-08-07 15:01:36 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272213379 14 - Berry Computer jennifermorris24 https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272213447 2018-08-07 15:02:15 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272213447 15 - Colussus jennifermorris24 https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272213576 2018-08-07 15:03:24 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272213576 16 - Eniac jennifermorris24 https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272213631 2018-08-07 15:03:50 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272213631 17 - Stored Program Computer jennifermorris24 https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272213687 2018-08-07 15:04:19 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272213687 18 - Edvac jennifermorris24 https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272213703 2018-08-07 15:04:28 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272213703 19 - Univac jennifermorris24 https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272213721 2018-08-07 15:04:41 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272213721 20 - 3rd Generation Computers jennifermorris24 https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272213834 2018-08-07 15:05:44 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272213834 21 - 4th Generation Computers jennifermorris24 https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272213854 2018-08-07 15:05:57 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272213854 22 - Mainframe Computers jennifermorris24 https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272213871 2018-08-07 15:06:08 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272213871 23 - Time-Sharing & Teletype jennifermorris24 https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272213989 2018-08-07 15:07:09 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272213989 24 - Batch Mode Processing & Punch Cards jennifermorris24 https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272213995 2018-08-07 15:07:13 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272213995 25- Microprocessor jennifermorris24 https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272214083 2018-08-07 15:07:56 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272214083 26 - Integrated Circuits jennifermorris24 https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272214105 2018-08-07 15:08:09 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272214105 27 - Apple 1 Computer - 1976 jennifermorris24 https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272214151 2018-08-07 15:08:34 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272214151 28 - IBM PC jennifermorris24 https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272214187 2018-08-07 15:08:54 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272214187 29 - Commodore 64 jennifermorris24 https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272214208 2018-08-07 15:09:05 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272214208 30 - Apple Macintosh jennifermorris24 https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272214279 2018-08-07 15:09:42 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272214279 31 - The Amiga jennifermorris24 https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272214302 2018-08-07 15:09:54 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272214302 32 - Windows 3 jennifermorris24 https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272214324 2018-08-07 15:10:06 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272214324 33 - Macintosh System 7 jennifermorris24 https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272214356 Drag and drop. 1st software on CD, but initially came on 15 floppy disks. ]]> 2018-08-07 15:10:19 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272214356 34 - Apple Newton jennifermorris24 https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272214384 2018-08-07 15:10:29 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272214384 35 - Standard UNIX jennifermorris24 https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272214408 2018-08-07 15:10:38 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272214408 36 - PowerPC jennifermorris24 https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272214426 2018-08-07 15:10:48 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272214426 37 - IBM OS/2 jennifermorris24 https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272214451 ATM's . 2001 started fading out; product support stopped in 2006. 

]]> 2018-08-07 15:11:00 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272214451 38 - Windows 95 jennifermorris24 https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272214465 2018-08-07 15:11:09 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/272214465 7 - Jacquard's loom https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/274552429 Jacquards loom was a power loom that made the patterns via a sheet that had holes in it. With which the loom read and appropriately sowed the patterned design on the fabric. The loom was a boon to many loom operators but caused many people to riot due to jobs lost. Angry mobs often destroyed the looms and once attacked Jacquard himself. He even made a portrait of himself with ten-thousand punchcards, in black and white silk. http://www.computerhistory.org/storageengine/punched-cards-control-jacquard-loom/ (link to a place with the picture in sepia.)




]]> 2018-08-22 13:12:08 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/274552429 1 - Abacus 300BC https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/274553004 The Abacus was an early form of aid for mathematicians. ]]> 2018-08-22 13:13:54 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/274553004 3 - Slide Rule davidmpetersheim https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/274553736 Created by William Oughtred 
The Slide Rule is mostly used for multiplication and division and also for functions such as exponents, roots, logarithms and trigonometry, but is not really used for adding and subtracting.]]> 2018-08-22 13:16:07 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/274553736 8- difference engine https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/274553769 created by Charle Babbage, it would have been able to compute tables of numbers, but was the most expensive government funded project (also took ten years to get nowhere) at that time so funds dried out like a raisin.
]]> 2018-08-22 13:16:12 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/274553769 4- Calculating Clock https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/274553861 The calculating clock has been identified as the first gear-driven calculator machine. It was invented by German astronomer and mathematician Wilhelm Schickard in 1623. Although this device was ahead of its time, it never received publicity because its inventor died soon after from the bubonic plague. ]]> 2018-08-22 13:16:27 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/274553861 isaaclmiskell https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/274553888 2018-08-22 13:16:30 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/274553888 5 - Pascaline - 8 digit and 6 digit https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/274554113 The pascaline is a one-function calculator which could only add numbers, it could not subtract, multiply, or divide, just add. It was made in 1642 by Blaise Pascal. He made it for his father, who was a tax collector. Only 50 of them were made.]]> 2018-08-22 13:17:11 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/274554113 12. The First Bug samuelmkelly https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/274554136 Discovered by Grace Hopper, The first bug was discovered in the "Mark I" computer. The actual bug itself was a dead moth that had intruded the Mark I. The word "bug" had been used since 1889 to describe a defect, but Hopper was credited with the creation of the term "Debugging", which she literally did. ]]> 2018-08-22 13:17:15 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/274554136 9 - Analytic Engine jonathanasutton https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/274554170 Its a large device that is as large a house. it is powered be 6 steam engines. it was programable thanks to the punch card. Babbage who is the creator realized that punched paper can be employed as a storage mechanism. the machine had to main parts in it store and mill both of them are used in the waving industry. the store was where the numbers where held and the mill is where the numbers were woven. its like todays computer they have to same parts like the analytic engine, a memory unit is used for storage and the CPU is use for processing date. ]]> 2018-08-22 13:17:17 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/274554170 14 - Berry Computer bentonashields https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/274554172 This was the first computer to use only electronic components. This means there were no analog parts like gears or belts. It was the first computer to use capacitors to store electronic charges as data. ]]> 2018-08-22 13:17:17 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/274554172 11- Mark l https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/274554173 London Gricius
Harvard and IBM created a computer in 1944. This was the first programmable computer made in the US. The computer was not purely electronic. It is mostly made of switches, relays, and rotating shafts. The computer weighed a mass of 5 tons. it was 8 feet tall and 51 feet long. The amount of time it ran for was 15 years.]]> 2018-08-22 13:17:18 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/274554173 10 - Hollerith Desk https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/274554180 Copper Bailey
Consisted of a card reader, a gear mechanism that could count, and a large wall of dials to interpret how much the numbers are. ]]> 2018-08-22 13:17:19 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/274554180 15 - Colossus https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/274554231 The colossus was a machine made for breaking cryptographic code by Britain in World War II. Britain had a big impact in that time when it came to creating electronic machines made to read code from Germany's radio transmissions. The machine was made just to do so, and was not able to anything else but it's intended purpose.]]> 2018-08-22 13:17:26 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/274554231 16-Eniac sethleverett https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/274554542  
ENIAC or Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer was a huge 18,000 test tube computer used to make complex wartime ballistic tables. This is computer was programmed by re-arranging wires. ENIAC was made in 1943 - 1945 and was presented in 1946.
]]> 2018-08-22 13:18:22 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/274554542 2 - Napier's Bones isaaclmiskell https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/274555259 In 1617 Scotsman named John Napier invented logarithms, which are a technology that allows multiplication to be performed via addition.]]> 2018-08-22 13:20:19 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/274555259 https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/274555388 2018-08-22 13:20:40 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/274555388 22. Mainframe Computers https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/274555587 Mainframe Computers were first created in the late 1950s and were continually upgraded and produced through the 1970s. These computers were designed for "Large-scale scientific and technological applications." Due to the lack of sophisticated computer technology at the time, mainframe computers often took up large amount of space in rooms.]]> 2018-08-22 13:21:14 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/274555587 6 - Stepped Reckoner https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/274556184  
Leibniz (a philosopher) managed to build a four-function (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division) calculator called the stepped reckoner. I used fluted drums having ten flutes placed around them in a stair shape. It used a decimal number system using the flutes (because there were ten).
]]> 2018-08-22 13:22:59 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/274556184 21 - 4th generation computers ashmarmstrong https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/274556321 In the 1970's, INTEL devised the microprocessor. Although large, clunky, and not very powerful by today's computing standards, it was a vital step in making computers more powerful as well as mobile and affordable.]]> 2018-08-22 13:23:19 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/274556321 17 - The Stored Computer Program https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/274556541 John Neumann came up with the idea to store a set of instructions in a central unit for the computer in 1945. This allowed the computer to perform a variety of tasks on its own merit. This central processing unit (CPU) would come to revolutionize how computers ran and is now a staple of all modern day computers.]]> 2018-08-22 13:23:59 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/274556541 IBM Stretch - 1959 https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/274557039
The IBM Stretch is an amazing computer designed in the 1950s that included many advanced organization and microarchitecture techniques that would be considered aggressive by even today's standards. 

]]> 2018-08-22 13:25:30 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/274557039 3rd Generation of Computers https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/274557901 The third generation of computers was marked by the development of the integrated circuit. Transistors were then minimized and placed on silicon chips. This greatly improved the speed and efficiency of computers.]]> 2018-08-22 13:28:09 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/274557901 24 - Batch Mode Processing and Punch Cards camerongjeffries https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/274557994 Batch Mode Processing is the process of processing punch cards. Herman Hollerith invented the punch card in 1890. The image below, is of a machine that would process a punch card.]]> 2018-08-22 13:28:28 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/274557994 25 - Microprocessor davidrthornberr https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/274558457 A microprocessor is a computer that is made on an integrated circuit. The first microprocessor was made by intel in 1971. Intel didn’t make the first computer, but they were the first to cram an entire computer into a single chip.]]> 2018-08-22 13:29:43 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/274558457 26 - Integrated Circuits https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/274558836 The microelectronics revolution is what allowed the amount of hand-crafted wiring seen in the prior photo to be mass-produced as an integrated circuit which is a small sliver of silicon the size of your thumbnail.]]> 2018-08-22 13:30:36 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/274558836 18 - Edvac https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/274559332  
Changing program on Endvac look days. Edvac pioneered stored program. The edvac was binary and not decimal. It had automatic addition, subtraction, multiplication, programmed division and automatic checking with a ultrasonic serial memor 
]]> 2018-08-22 13:32:07 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/274559332 19 - Univac https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/274560057 The first commercial computer produced in the United States. The computer was designed by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly. The first Univac was accepted into the United States Census Bureau on March 31, 1951. It was used to store data by transferring data from punched cards to be on the Univac's magnetic storage discs.]]> 2018-08-22 13:32:47 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/274560057 23 Time Sharing & Teletype https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/274830718 Time sharing and teletype were the two ways a person could communicate to the mainframe. Time sharing would share the amount of time each person had to do something, and teletype would communicate with the computer through typing ]]> 2018-08-23 12:28:45 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/274830718 IBM Stretch - 1959 https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/274839918 The IBM Stretch is an amazing computer designed in the 1950s that included many advanced organization and microarchitecture techniques that would be considered aggressive by even today's standards. These techniques include predecoding, memory operand prefetch, pre-execution of certain instructions  speculative execution based upon branch prediction, branch misprediction recovery, and precise interrupts. 
‎Gene Amdahl]]> 2018-08-23 13:04:05 UTC https://padlet.com/jennifermorris24/msrq4slscar1/wish/274839918