Secondly, I want to enhance my speaking skills and develop my pronunciation.

Thirdly, I expect that at the end of this course , I improve my communacation skills

(-Her funeral will be conducted on Friday.

-Thousands turned out for his funeral)

Cardboard- is a hard material made up of paper.

(When I was little, I often made different figures out of cardboard)

Inflatable-this is something that can be filled with air or gas.

(In my childhood, I loved to play on the inflatable castle that stood in the park next to our house)

Refugee- is a person who left his contry due to difficult circumstances(war, drought,tsunami,earthquake,etc.)

(In Soviet times, many refugees from Korea and Germany came to Kazakhstan )

Interpreter-is someone who translates spoken language.

(His interpreter was late, so he tried to understand this speech without an interpreter)

To interfere-means to intrude into someone's business.

(It's his problem and I'm not going to interfere)

Thick things-are broad and bulky,dense.

(My sister's hair is thick and curly)

Script-is the written text of a play,film or broadcast.

(The script for "Game of Thrones" was written by George Raymond Richard Martin)

Soundtrack-is the musical accompaniment of any material(film,cartoon,TV show,computer game,book, and so on)

("Young and Beautiful" - is a song by Lana Del Rey used for the soundtrack to the drama film "The Great Gatsby")

Ordinary- with no special or disinctive features; normal.

(He can't even solve the ordinary math problems)

(Her dress was fabulous,like in a fairy tale)

Interpretation-is the action of explaining the meaning of something.

(My interpretation is that everyone has the right to life and no one can take it away,not even a judge)

Charisma-is a magnetic attractiveness ,also it means charming.

(Among kazakh actors, I think Askar Ilyasov is such a charismatic man)

Referee- is the one who follows the rules in the games.

(The referee stopped the game because one of the players was injured)

Spectator- is someone who watches at a show, sports game,or other event.

(The Barcelona club has a lot of spectators at today's match)

Bald-someone without hair.(hairless)

(My uncle is only 30 years old, and he is already bald)

Questionnaire-is a set of questions that are asked to several people in order to collect information( as an opinions)

(She has prepared a questionnaire on financial literacy)

Rucksack-usually has more storage space than a backpack They are most often used for hiking and trips.

(He keeps a rucksack packed and ready to go at all times)

Insult- as a noun, an insult means rude words or actions.

(He was punished for insulting his stepmother)

Split-it means to divide into two or more parts.

(The class is split into two groups for the school trip)

(He helped me because that's how he feels superior)

Expel-to compel someone to leave a country, organization, or educational institution

(I'm sure he must have been expelled from college because he didn't go to college for a whole month)

Vice versa-"the other way around"

(As expected, the whole situation turned out vice versa)

Pick up-lift somebody or something up.

(He is very well-mannered boy. He always picks up rubbish from the ground)

Envelope-container for letters.

(He ripped the envelope and took out the letter)

Dentistry-the science concerned with the dental treatment

(His parents want him to go to dentistry, but he loves music.)

Accountancy-is the process of identifying, measuring, recording and communicating economic/ financial transactions.

(She got a place at uni to do accountancy.But now she's a model.)

Apprenticeship-training programmes that comprise both work-based training and formal education.

(He served an apprenticeship at Google)

Debt-is when you owe someone something.

(He is in debt to me 20$)

Recruitment-is a process in which employers hire new people.

(The recruitment process lasted two weeks and it was successful)

(Young children believe that Santa Claus enters the house through the chimney)

Fireplace-is used to heat the room and create a relaxing atmosphere.

(We sat by the fireplace and talked all night. It was a very emotional conversation)

Outskirt- a part of the city far removed from the centre.

(I want to live on the outskirts of London)

Ceiling-is the upper interior covering of the room.

(She had a very rich imagination,and she wanted to paint all the ceilings in the house blue,like the sky)

Roof-is the upper part of a house or any other building that covers it. It serves to protect from the sun, rain,etc.

(When I was a kid, I saw a movie where several people climbed onto the roofs of very tall buildings to see the sunrise)

Cushion-looks like a pillow, but not for sleeping, but for decorative decoration of sofas, couches and armchairs. You can sit on it, lie down, kneel or lean against it.

(There are many beautiful and funny pillows in her house)

Cupboard-is a piece of furniture that's used for storing things.

(I want my kitchen cupboards to be very spacious and well designed)

Curtain-is a cloth that covers a window to keep out the light from the window. It is also commonly used to decorate a room and enhance privacy.

(My grandmother always paid great attention to the styles of curtains)

Attic-is a room located on the roof of a building.

(After watching "Home Alone-1", I always wanted to have a room in the attic because it seemed so cozy there , and I still want to live in the attic *(^-^)*)

Gate-is a doorlike structure on the outside of a house.

(I saw a very beautiful gate on the outskirts of the city, they were purple in color)

(It was redundant to tell her that it was her mistake. It's not her fault)

Permanent-means unchanged over a long period of time.

(-Nothing is permanent,Of course,there will be changes and you must be ready for them.

-He got a permanent tattoo.)

Temporary-lasting for only a limited period of time; not permanent.

(Everything is temporary,The time will come and you will understand)

To resign-means to leave your job voluntarily.

(My grandfather resigned his job because of health problems)

Contestant- a person who participates in a contest or competition.

(The contestants of the "Millionaire" contest are expected to answer general knowledge questions)

To set up-means to organize or establish something.

(She set up her own business all by herself without outside help)

To intimidate-means to frighten or threaten someone, commonly to convince them to do something that you want them to do.

(He intimidated everyone who wanted to tell the truth)

Profit- is the money earned when a business sells goods or services for more than the cost of their production.(The company reported significant profits in the last quarter)

An entrepreneur- is a person who creates a business or enterprises by taking on financial risks in the hope of making a profit. (Currently,there are many young entrepreneurs who launched their business at the age of 16, 17 or 18 and earned millions)

To untangle-means to solve something complicated or confusing in order to understand it and deal with it(make something easier)

(He untagled the net himself and went fishing)

• Francis is said to be in hospital

• The children are thought to be in bed

• The robber is believed to have worked in the bank

• Nuclear power stations are believed to be dangerous

• He was thought to be on holiday

• Cars are known to pollute the environment

• The new product is supposed to come out soon

• The mission was found to be impossible

• She is believed to win a gold medal

  (https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/passive/exercises?09 )

  
  

2.I don't know why I was so tired in college. I might/could have been working too hard.

3.Do you know where Carl went? He couldn't have left- his car keys are on the table.

4.You seem to know everyhing about that old band. You must have listened to them a lot!

5. To give the promotion to Harold was silly. He couldn't have known much about this company after only a year working here. No wonder our sales are down!

6. Go and look in the kitchen for your gloves. You might/ could have put them in there.

7. Oh, we have a missed call. It must have been Kate. She always calls on Wednesdey.

8. Dan had been practicing for the concert since June. He must have done his part perfectly!

9. That couple can't/couldn't have thought much of the show. They left after only 20 minutes!

10.The family next door to me growing up had a new car every week. They must have made a lot of money!

(https://en.islcollective.com/english-esl-worksheets/grammar-practice/general-grammar-practice/modals/modals-of-deduction-past-tense/112816 )

(an open living room two floors tall)

2.You will get fat if you eat hamburgers every day.

3.If you don't help me with the housework, I won't help you with your homework.

4. If you meet your friends this evening, where will you go?

5.I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow.

6. If the weather is nice tomorrow, we will go to the zoo.

7. Helen will put on her favorite dress if she goes out tonight.

8. If my mother asks me to help her with the housework, I will tell her I have got a terrible headache.

9. If I tell my mother I have got a terrible headache, we will go to the doctor.

10. If we go to the doctor, my mum will find out that the headache was only an excuse.

(https://www.liveworksheets.com/w/en/english-second-language-esl/150222)

2.She would run more if she had new trainers.

3.If there weren't so much pollution, we could be a lot healthier.

4.We might save money if we had solar panels.

5.If the team had a better coach, it would win more often.

6.The park would look more beautiful if everyone picked up their litter.

7.If I had a tree house, I would live in it.

8.If we run faster, we wouldn't arrive late at school.

9.We would go for long walks, if we lived in the country.

10.If I had a dog, I would take it to the park.

(https://ppt-online.org/296951)

(The waiter told me that the bill would be paid as compensation for the misunderstanding)

Complaint-is something you say or write when you are unhappy or unsatisfied about something.

(Many cafes and restaurants have a "book of complaints and suggestions".This helps them to improve the quality of their services)

Payment-is the money you pay for services and goods,because nothing is free.

(The payment for the apartment increases every year)

Basket- is a container used to store or carry things.

(He took the apples out of the basket and ate them)

A trolley- is a kind of mechanism that helps you transport heavy objects and goods. It is usually used in markets.

(In a library, books are moved on a trolley)

A debit card- is a payment card that deducts money directly from your checking account.

(I paid with my debit card)

A credit card- is linked to a credit line that you can pay

back later.

(He took a credit card out of his wallet.)

A receipt-something like a piece of paper or a message confirming receipt of money, goods or information.

(I usually throw away the receipt, but if you have a receipt, you can usually exchange the item)

A refund-is the amount of money that is returned to you, especially because you are dissatisfied with the purchased product or service.

(He demanded a refund for low-quality goods)

A discount- is a reduction of the regular price.

(Usually on Black Fridays, many stores offer big discounts)

(We are going to run out of gas soon,let's stop at the nearest gas station)

Queue- a waiting line especially of persons or vehicles.

(The queue for tickets to the "Muzart" concert was incredibly long)

Hitchhike- travel by getting free rides in passing vehicles.

(She is going to hitchhike home)

(Hitchhiking in Kazakhstan is quite dangerous)

A ticket inspector -is a person whose job is to check passengers' tickets on public transport.

(Some ticket inspectors may seem suspicious,but some of them can help passengers)

To bark-to make the loud, short noise that a dog and some other animals make.(1)

(The dog barked all night)

To bark out -To shout at someone in a forceful manner.(2)

(He barked out at his staff for not finishing the project)

Race-is a competition between runners,horses,vehicles,etc. to find out who will overcome a given distance faster.

(The winner of the race will be awarded a gold medal)

Fortune-is a large amount of money or assets.

(He inherited a fortune from his grandfather)

To spot-to see or notice someone or something, usually because you are looking closely.

(I spotted a few mistakes in this article and marked them with a red pen)

Contraction-is a reduction in size or amount.

(A contraction means that the economy is in a state of decline)

2. I wouldn't like to be in his shoes.

3. Jim loves working in Thailand.

4. I hate doing the shopping on Saturday.

5. Blast! I forgot to buy milk.

6. In the end we decided to stay in.

7. I need to find some information about Portugal.

8. My parents like going for long walks at the weekend.

9. Tony gave up smoking years ago.

10. I wanted to go and see Troy but no one else was interested.

11.MrsLeith offered to take us to the airport.

12. Clare refused to help clean up after the party.

13. I tried to persuade him to come but it was no use.

14. Do you mind not smoking?

15. Everybody really enjoyed dancing the cha-cha-cha.

16. Lionel admitted eating my chocolate mousse.

(https://znanio.ru/media/gerund-or-infinitive-2597699)

He asked me where I had been.

2. My dad said, " Go to your room at once."

My dad ordered me to go to my room at once.

3. Jimmy said, " I own a brand-new sports car."

Jimmy said that he owned a brand-new sports car.

4. John said, " I am writing a new novel."

John said that he was writing a new novel.

5. My mother said, " Close your eyes and open your hands."

My mother told me to close my eyes and open my hands.

6. I said to the host, " Can I have another piece of cake."

I asked the host if I could have another piece of cake.

7. The teacher wondered, " Will she be safe if she goes alone?"

The teacher wondered if she would be safe if she went alone.

8. She told me, " He has never written to me before."

She explained that he had never written to her before.

9.The shop assistant asked me, " What size are your shoes?"

The shop assistant wanted to know what size my shoes were.

10. The administrator warned us, " Don't walk on the grass."

The administrator warned us not to walk on the grass.

(http://www.english-practice.at/b1/grammar/reported-speech/rs007-reported-speech.pdf)

(When I go to the USA, I will need an adapter. Because they have a different socket in the USA)

A plug-is a small plastic or rubber object with two or three metal pins attached to the end of an electrical equipment wire and inserted into a special hole in the wall to connect the equipment to an electric power source.

(Amina pushed the plug into the socket)

A remote control- a device that you hold in your hand and use to control a TV, DVD player,etc.

(As a child, my brother and I often argued over the remote control)

A socket-is an electrical device receiving a plug to make a connection.

(The socket can be dangerous for children,as they can insert other metal objects into it, such as a hair clip or fork)

A speaker-is a device that can be connected to a computer,TV or smartphone and turn up the volume.Also today we have smart speakers-wireless electronic devices that can respond to voice commands.

(Today, almost everyone has smart speakers,because it is very convenient and affordable)

A switch is a kind of button on the wall, usually designed to turn on or off the light.

(My little niece loved to play with the switch, maybe it was interesting for her)

A memory stick- is a compact electronic storage device capable of storing a large amount of information.

(Many people use memory sticks to store photos and videos that are valuable to them)

A charger-is a device with wires that is used to recharge phones, laptops, and other devices.

(The latest iPhone model is charged using a type c charger)

A mouse- is a portable device capable of moving the cursor across the screen for a certain distance.

(A computer mouse is not a small animal that lives in buildings and open fields)

A router is a device that provides access toWI-FI and is typically connected to a modem.

(She turned off the WI-FI router because the children did not obey her)

2. If she had studied, she would have passed the exam.

3. If we had arrived earlier, we would have seen John.

4. If they had gone to bed early, they wouldn't have woken up late.

5. If he had become a musician, he would have recorded a CD.

6. If she had gone to art school, she would have become a painter.

7. If I had been born in a different country, I would have learnt to speak a different language.

8. If she had gone to university, she would have studied French.

9. If we hadn't gone to the party, we wouldn't have met them.

10.If he had taken the job, he wouldn't have gone travelling.

11.He would have been happier if he had stayed at home.

12.She would have passed the exam if she had studied harder.

13.We wouldn't have got married if we hadn't gone to the same university.

14.They would have been late if they hadn't taken a taxi.

15.She wouldn't have met him if she hadn't come to London.

16.He would have taken a taxi if he had had enough money.

17.I would have called you if I hadn't forgotten my phone.

18.We would have come if we had been invited.

19.She wouldn't have done it if she had known you were ill.

20.He would have been on time if he had left earlier.

(https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/)

(He was released from prison after serving two years of a five-year sentence,possibly for his good behavior)

(2)Release- to make information available to the public.

(Blackpink released their debut single album, Square One, on August 8,2016)

Breakthrough- is overcoming difficulties and achieving success or an important discovery or development that helps to solve a problem

(-During his life,he made a lot of breakthroughs. His name is Albert Einstein.

-The Polaroid camera was a technological breakthrough)

Devastate- to make someone feel very shocked and upset.

(She was very devastated when she heard about his death)

Retreat- step back and away from someone or something, because you are scared or want to be alone.

(When the enemies attacked, they retreated behind trees for safety)

Futuristic- so advanced in design, form, concept,etc. as to seem suited for some future time: ultramodern.

(She is well-known for her futuristic designs of architect)

Sensuous- anything that is pleasing to the senses, the word "sensuous" describes only what gives pleasure to your five senses ,not intellectual and others.

(His music is very sensuous and mysterious)

Child prodigy-is a child with very great abilities in certain areas.

(Mozart was the most celebrated child prodigy, started composing at the age of five)

As a verb, to muse-is to consider something thoughtfully. As a noun, it means a person- especially a woman- who is a source of artistic inspiration.

(Alla Ilchun: eternal muse of Christian Dior,

she was the first Euro-Asian model-half-kazakh, half-Russian woman who has worked for twenty years at Dior)

Prominent- very well-known and important.

(She is going to play a very prominent role in the theater)

2. How much do we have to read this week?

3. Most Americans don't like George Bush.

4. There aren't very many books in the library.

5. I think he drank lots of wine last night.

6.I have had a few headaches already because of the stress.

7. I didn't use much fertilizer last spring, that's why we had so many weeds.

8. It has rained very little this summer, that's why the grass is so brown.

9. Few people know as much about computers as Jack does.

10. I'm having a lot of/ little trouble passing my driving test.

11. I do have a few friends but not that many.

12. How much juice is left in the bottle?

13.John had little money with him so he couldn't even buy a bus ticket.

14. Much time and money is spent on education in Great Britain.

15. I know little Spanish so I am going to have a problem when I get there.

(https://www.english-grammar.at/worksheets/quantifiers/qu1.pdf)

2. He is the young man, whose wife left him for someone else.

3. The DVD recorder which I bought at this store a few days ago is not working.

4. That's the book that/which I recommended reading in class.

5. Is this the hotel where you are staying for the tournament?

6. My dad, who travels a lot onbusiness, is in Australia at the moment.

7. It was midnight when the first rescue team arrived at the scene of the accident.

8.There are several reasons why I am not allowed to give you any information.

9. We stayed at the famous Rockstar hotel, which also had an indoor swimming pool.

10. Did you write back to the person who offered you a job?

11. The story is about a young woman whose 5-year old son suddenly disappears.

12. The tennis court where they usually play is currently not available.

13. My sister was born at a time when my dad was out of work.

14. Where is the money that I gave you yesterday?

15. That's the man whom I spoke to the other day.

(http://www.english-practice.at/b1/grammar/relative-clauses/rc004-relative-pronouns.pdf)