https://padlet.com/ccayemberg/mrlgg18j1tkr By: Caitlyn Cayemberg en-us 2018-05-01 03:08:00 UTC 2018-05-03 19:14:24 UTC hello@padlet.com ccayemberg https://padlet.com/ccayemberg/mrlgg18j1tkr/wish/256754963 Stimulus response compatibility is the extent to which the stimulus and response are associated in a "natural" way which may be a genetically or learned behavior. Incompatibility is where a stimulus is presented and the response is not related in the "natural" or expected way. In general, incompatibility leads to longer reaction time and an increase in errors when looking at response selection. A detrimental example of this is the doors in the natatorium, as they open backwards. So many times I have looked like the cat featured in the GIF below as I have tried to open the door on the wrong side. However, being a Kinesiology student, the natatorium is basically my second home, and since I spend so much time there, the natatorium doors have now become a compatible condition for me. Since the natatorium doors have become my new 
"normal," I look like the cat in the GIF below when attempting to open any other door as the standard was a door opens is now an incompatible condition for me. As one can imagine,  this is not ideal as I now have a slower reaction time and more errors upon attempting to open any other door beyond the kinesiology building. ]]> 2018-05-01 03:12:53 UTC https://padlet.com/ccayemberg/mrlgg18j1tkr/wish/256754963 ccayemberg https://padlet.com/ccayemberg/mrlgg18j1tkr/wish/256755776 Augmented feedback is information provided by an outside source about the task that is supplemental to, or augments inherent feedback. How crucial augmented feedback is to learning depends on the type of skill and therefore, there are a full spectrum of beliefs on how necessary it is. For the dog in the GIF below, the mirror is essential for chasing himself for without is, the task would not be possible. Furthermore, from my personal experience learning yoga, I found that practicing in a mirror was not essential to learning proper alignment, but I found it enhanced my learning. Using a mirror allowed me to check my posture and alignment in any given pose, which can be done through inherent feedback but it is much easier to apply and use the augmented feedback. For example, in "chair pose" one is supposed to have feet hip distance apart, knees bent as if sitting into an imaginary chair, pelvis tucked under, flat back and shoulders down and relaxed. By using a mirror, it is easy to see whether or not your back is straight and flat. If your back is rounded, it is very easy to look into the mirror and fix your alignment so the skill is properly performed. That being said, the mirror has enhanced the skill acquisition and has allowed me to learn the proper technique more quickly and perform at a higher level than if I had practiced without the mirror.  ]]> 2018-05-01 03:19:38 UTC https://padlet.com/ccayemberg/mrlgg18j1tkr/wish/256755776 ccayemberg https://padlet.com/ccayemberg/mrlgg18j1tkr/wish/256756296 Motor movements are achieved because we use sensory afferent information to regulate them. There are two kinds of receptors that are used which are: exteroreptors (the state of the environment) and proprioceptors (the state of our own bodies). The most critical exteroceptor is vision and often times when different systems are providing conflicting information, the visual system often dominates. Pictured below, even though this dog is not receiving proprioceptive feedback that he/she is in the water, the visual information suggests that he/she is in the pool. Due to the fact that the visual kinesthesis is overriding all other sensory afferent informant, the dog quite literally doggy paddles as its vision tells it that it is in the water and therefore needs to swim to stay afloat. ]]> 2018-05-01 03:24:56 UTC https://padlet.com/ccayemberg/mrlgg18j1tkr/wish/256756296 ccayemberg https://padlet.com/ccayemberg/mrlgg18j1tkr/wish/256757034 Knowledge of performance (KP) is information about patterns of actions which ranges from casual comments to complex feedback. There are many different types of KP including verbal, video, movement kinematics and biofeedback. Verbal KP can be broken down into two categories: descriptive and prescriptive. Descriptive KP are verbal feedback that only tells the individual the error that was made whereas prescriptive KP tells the individual the error and how to correct it. Being a yoga teacher, I give both descriptive and prescriptive verbal KP's through my cues throughout each class. The biggest problem with verbal KP's are deciding the appropriate content. To determine this, a skills analysis is utilized to break down a skill into small parts and then decide what should be focused on when new yogis attend my class. I learned how perform a skills analysis efficiently through my yoga training, so each pose and transition is broken down and only the essential cues are given which fall into the following categories: movement execution, breathing and transition cues, alignment and safety cues, and finally experiencing the pose, exercise and educational cues. An example of what this set of cues would look like when transitioning from down dog to up dog would be: inhale as we shift our weight onto our hands and open our chest to the front of the room (movement execution, breathing and transition cue), engaging our core to protect our low back (alignment and safety cue, as well as education), enjoying a gentle stretch through our back, while strengthening our shoulders and core (experiencing the pose, exercise and educational cue). Once I have safely guided my class into up dog, I then scan the class to determine any errors being made, and then cue from what I see. For prescriptive verbal KP this may be "if we notice we are crunching into our low back, engaging our core" where as a descriptive KP may be "drawing our attention to our low back." It is important to note that the fading technique is used throughout the course of each class, so as the class continues there is a decrease in the augmented feedback provided.

]]> 2018-05-01 03:32:25 UTC https://padlet.com/ccayemberg/mrlgg18j1tkr/wish/256757034 ccayemberg https://padlet.com/ccayemberg/mrlgg18j1tkr/wish/256759385 Practice variability is the variety of movement and context characteristics one experiences while practicing a task. For example, if an individual is practicing tennis, if they would practice only serves for 30 minutes they would have no practice variability. However, if they practice serves, forehand shots, backhand shots and volleys for 30 minutes they would have practice variability. To most effectively practice to have the best retention of tennis, one would want to have variable practice that has high contextual interference. Contextual interference is the memory and performance disruptions that result from practicing multiple skills or variations of a skill within the context of practice. For the most effective tennis practice, random trials, which is a practice pattern with high contextual interference, should be used because this forces you to abandon previous motor plans and reconstruct them when needed. According to the action plan reconstruction hypothesis, by constantly throwing away and creating new motor plans, more cognitive work is required, and therefore you remember the task better. An example of this within a tennis practice could be having the coach/teacher on one side of the net and the student on the other side of the net, then having the coach/teacher toss the tennis balls to the student in a random order. For example, this may look like: forehand shot, backhand shot, lob, volley, backhand shot, volley, forehand shot, lob, volley, lob. 

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