Language acquisition: We acquire language through exposure.

Learners need around 17 exposures with context for real world relevance when encountering new words.

Bridging is the last stage where students can write beautifully constructed sentences and paragraphs to show cohesion and organization or ideas with only a few mistakes.

Intentionally plan and choose the activities that you will present to your students.

Don't just ask your students to memorize the vocabulary and their definitions.

Connect roots, prefixes, and suffixes to their native language.

Allow students to create their own definitions as a class.

Resources and training are insufficient despite the growing amount of MLL students.

Advocacy requires persistence even if it leads to setbacks.

5 steps: Identify the problem, research and know the rights, compile observations, create solutions, and collaborate.

We want all students to be able to respond through oral conversation.

Basic Principles: positive interdependence, individual accountability, equal participation, and simultaneous interaction.

Examples: TPS, the inside outside circle (vocab on notecard), numbered heads (1-4 in groups - talks first then teachers call on number), and showdown (allows students to be the teacher).

1-10 students are ELL in bigger cities its 1-4 students.

Create a welcoming classroom environment: pronounce their name correctly, have their native language represented in the classroom, have appropriate materials ready.

Use appropriate assessments frequently: CFU's, rubrics, track progress, exit slips, visual check in's.

Use appropriate strategies and scaffold.

Build relationships

Involve your students- have discussion, make rules with them and ask questions.

Pull in and pull out session routines- how should the students act and handle materials.

Positive reinforcement and reward system- check in chart for accountability and goal setting.

Diverse library and visually appealing vocabulary lists.

Showcase students work and have interactive button boards.

Students feel safe and can be confident in these kinds of classroom.

Include visuals on things that are sent home so they can ask questions.

Host training sessions with teachers, staff, or community members.

Find ways for the parents to share with the class their culture and backgrounds. Don't judge or be offended if families don't want to be involved because it might be against their culture.