- Germany had to sign Treaty of Versailles and agree to a lot of conditions

- They were forced to take responsibility for the war

- All of their allies either switched sides or no longer existed

- Germany had to pay reparations to many of the Allied Powers which caused inflation within their economy

- They had to give up all their colonies

- Also they had to demilitarize drastically

- People were resentful towards the government (Weimar Republic) for agreeing to these conditions

- Democracy of Weimar Republic was ended and monarchical rule of the kaiser replaced them

- Adolf Hitler later became president of the country after death of former leader

- Hitler wrote book about his anti-Semitic views and blamed Jews and other ethic minorities for the state of Germany

- Ultimately wanted to conquer the whole continent

- Hitler openly promoted scientific racism and ultranationalism

- Created Nuremberg Laws that discriminated against Jews

- Led Kristallnacht campaign to rid Germany of Jews

- Nazis organized “Night of the Broken Glass” where many Jews were killed or arrested and sent to concentration camps. Nearly all synagogues and many Jewish shops were destroyed. 

- He began staking claims over various pieces of in Europe and annexing countries

- Many Jewish people fled the country or died in concentration camps

- Invasion of Poland let to beginning of World War 2

- Italy received very little territory from Treaty of Versailles

- People were discontent because the country switched sides (Central to Allies) and gained nothing from it

- Fascist party led by Benito Mussolini took control of parliament

- Mussolini became a dictator 

- Fascist government spread military propaganda throughout the country ex. schoolchildren were being taught about fearless leader and glorious nation

- Mussolini believed there was need to conquer an inferior nation

- They conquered Abyssinia, which defied League of Nations’ sanctions

- Many historians think that the conquering of Abyssinia is what destroyed the credibility of the League of Nations

- Mussolini and Hitler formed an alliance with hopes of dominating Europe

- Led by General Francisco Franco

- Hitler, Mussolini, Antonio Salazar (Germany, Italy, and Portugal) helped provide them with arms in the civil war

- They defeated the Loyalist army

- Franco became dictator until 1975 when he died

- They were supporters of newly elected Spanish Republic

- French, British, American, and Soviet Union citizens also helped them during the civil war

- They lost the war against the Nationalists

- We agree with this to a certain extent due to the fact that many of the key countries involved in World War 2 participated in the Civil War, which gave us insight on who would possibly be on which side.