growth of unions and labor movement by Audrey Rawlings

safety in The working class

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Injuries were very common, and workers often had little to no job security, as they could be easily replaced due to a large workforce.

Industrialization created a large working class population, often facing long hours, dangerous environments, and low wages.

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This exploitation, alongside movements like Social Darwinism which justified the prevailing social inequality, fueled the desire for workers to organize and improve their condition

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Industrialization and technological advancements led to mass production and a rise in consumerism.

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Mass production

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Mass production made goods more affordable and accessible, even for lower-income Americans, through department stores and mail-order catalogs. Businesses competed for customers with increased advertising, and the option to buy on credit became available

The Panic of 1873 was a financial crisis caused by over-speculation in railroads and real estate, leading to widespread bank failures and economic depression.

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unemployment

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Unemployment grew, making it difficult for workers to find and keep jobs. This economic hardship fueled labor unrest, with protests and strikes becoming more common as workers demanded better conditions amidst widespread economic uncertainty.

Public

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The panic aloud the public to truly see the causes of the decline in support for labor movement

Scientific management, or "Taylorism," aimed to improve worker efficiency by streamlining tasks and optimizing workflows through detailed analysis.

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theory developed by Frederick Winslow Taylor in the late 19th and early 20th centuries

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time and motion studies, job specialization, standardization, intcetives

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founded in 1869, was one of the first major labor organizations in the United States.

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They championed various reforms, such as the eight-hour workday, equal pay for equal work, and the end of child labor. They also envisioned a "cooperative commonwealth" where workers would own the industries they worked in

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definition

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a national federation of labor unions in the United States, founded in 1886 by Samuel Gompers. It focused on securing economic gains like higher wages, shorter hours, and better working conditions for skilled workers through collective bargaining.

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often used strikes and negotiations to achieve their goals, and their focus on skilled laborers, who were harder to replace, gave them a stronger bargaining position with employer

contributed to its growing influence as the dominant force in the labor movement by the turn of the century

88790_1 — 2025-06-25 02:40:43 UTC