My distinguished padlet by Sema Yücetaş

Tuz Gölü

2023-09-24 19:06:16 UTC

Tuz Gölü is a salt lake located at the intersection of the borders of Ankara, Konya and Aksaray provinces in the Central Anatolia Region of Turkey. 40% of Turkey's salt needs are provided from this lake. Salt in the Tuz Lake is formed by meteorological waters percolating underground, melting previously formed salt domes and carrying them to the surface along tectonic lines.

Tuz Lake, Turkey's second largest lake in terms of surface area, is at the deepest part of a large tectonic depression buried between the surrounding plateaus. This depression was formed by tectonic movements in the Neogene. The depression in which Tuz Lake is located is surrounded by faults from the east, west and south. In the Quaternary, the surface area of the lake decreased under less rainy climatic conditions. The lake became smaller over time and reached its current state.Tuz Lake, with a rainfall area of 11,900 km², is a closed basin lake with no outflow. Despite the large rainfall area, nutritional resources are weak. The region is one of the areas with the least rainfall in Turkey, with an average annual rainfall of 324 mm/m² The streams that bring water to the lake are streams whose water levels decrease or dry up completely in summer. These are the Peçenek Stream coming from Şereflikoçhisar, the Melendiz Stream coming from Aksaray, and the İnsuyu, Karasu, Kırkdelik streams coming from the south and west. Apart from these, the DSI discharge channel, which discharges the excess water of Beyşehir Lake together with the wastewater of Konya into Tuz Lake, also causes the water level of Tuz Lake to rise. The average water level of the lake is around 40 cm, and in May, when rainfall increases, it is approximately 110 cm. In August, the lake largely dries up. The high salt content causes 10-30 cm of salt sedimentation, which is renewed every year, in most of the lake area as a result of evaporation. Towards the end of summer, it is possible to walk between Kaldırım Tuzlasi and the opposite shore. In this season, the salinity rate reaches a remarkable rate of 329 per thousand. In terms of chemical composition, a saltiness characteristic of kitchen salt (sodium chloride) prevails here, and the ratio of sodium chloride is higher than the ratios of magnesium chloride and sodium sulfate.

Salt accumulation in the lake depends on various factors. The presence of the Oligocene formation containing gypsum and salt layers in the surrounding area played an important role in the salinization of the lake. However, it has been determined that salt water also comes from sources at the bottom of the lake. The shallowness of the lake and the intense evaporation are other factors of salt accumulation. The salt layer deposited as a result of evaporation in summer is excavated with machines and collected in salt pans. These salt pans, called Kaldırım, Kayacık and Yavşan salt pans, were previously operated by Tekel and were privatized in 2005. In 2011, 10 salt fields were put up for sale by tender, and 8 of them found buyers. Salt factories that wash and grind the salt obtained from the Salt Lake constitute the backbone of Şereflikoçhisar's economy. Salt Lake and its surroundings were declared a special protection area in 2001. Salt Lake and its surroundings are the main breeding areas of flamingo colonies called Phoenicopterus rubber. The name "Anser albifrons"

Alya Mira Akgül 5/A

Mediterrenian Sea

2023-09-24 19:13:37 UTC

Mediterrenian

Type Marine
Primary inlets Atlantic Ocean, Sea of Marmara, Nile, Ebro, Rhône, Chelif, Po
Basin countries approximately 60 countries
Surface area 2,500,000 km 2 (970,000 sq mi)
Average depth 1,500 m (4,900 ft)
Max. depth 5,267 m (17,280 ft)
Water volume 3,750,000 km3 (900,000 cu mi)
The Mediterranean is surrounded by Southern Europe and Anatolia in the north, almost completely inland, North Africa in the south, the Middle East in the east, and the Atlantic Ocean in the west.

Although the sea is sometimes considered part of the Atlantic Ocean, it is often referred to as a separate body of water.Geological evidence suggests that about 5.9 million years ago the Mediterranean was cut off from the Atlantic and partially or completely dried out over a period of about 600,000 years before being filled by the Zanclean flood about 5.3 million years ago (Messinian salinity crisis).

It covers an area of approximately 2.5 million square kilometers (0.97 × 106 square metres), representing 0.7% of the global ocean surface. However, its connection to the Atlantic via the Strait of Gibraltar, the narrow strait connecting the Atlantic, separates the Ocean and the Mediterranean.It covers an area of approximately 2.5 million square kilometers (0.97 × 106 square metres), representing 0.7% of the global ocean surface. However, its connection to the Atlantic via the Strait of Gibraltar, the narrow strait connecting the Atlantic, separates the Ocean and the Mediterranean.The two continents come closer to each other through the strait, which is only 14 km (9 miles) wide from the African continent, which includes the European lands on the coasts of Spain and the coasts of Morocco.

The Calypso Deep in the Mediterranean, Aegean Sea has an average depth of 1,500 m (4,900 ft) and the deepest recorded point is 5,267 m (17,280 ft). It lies between latitudes 30° and 46°N and longitudes 6°W and 36°E.Its west-east length is approximately 4,000 kilometers from the Strait of Gibraltar to the Gulf of Iskenderun to the southwestern coast of Turkey.

The sea was an important route for traders and travelers of ancient times, facilitating trade and cultural exchange between the peoples of the region. The history of the Mediterranean region is crucial to understanding the origins and development of many modern societies.

Countries surrounding the Mediterranean in clockwise order; Spain, France, Monaco, Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Albania, Greece, Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco, as well as the offshore island countries of Malta and Cyprus and In addition, the Gaza Strip and the British Overseas Territories include Gibraltar and the sea coasts of Akrotiri and Dhekelia.

NAMES AND ETYMOLOGY

Ancient Egyptians used the words wadj-wr / wadj-Wer / wadj-Ur for the Mediterranean.

The ancient Greeks referred to the Mediterranean simply as ἡ θάλασσα (He Thalassa; “The Sea”) or sometimes ἡ μεγάλη θάλασσα (He Megale Thalassa; “The Great Sea”), ἡ ἡμέτερα θάλασσα (He hēmétera Thalas). sa ; “Our Sea”) or ἡ αλασσα ἡαθ'ἡμᾶς He used definitions that convey the meaning of ( hē thálassa hh kath'hēmâs ; “the sea around us”).In the Romans Mare Magnum (“Great Sea”) or Mare Internum (“Inner Sea”), Mare Nostrum (“Our Sea”). Mare Mediterrāneum used the term.

Mediterranean, meaning the Middle sea in many European languages, was apparently first used by Solinus in the 3rd century, but the earliest written reference is in Isidore of Seville in the 6th century. This means 'in the midst of the lands, within' in Latin, a compound of medius ("middle"), terra ("earth, earth") and -āneus ("having the nature of"). .

The Latin word is calque of Greek μεσόγειος (Mesogeios; “inside”), from μέσος (mesos “middle place”) and γήινος (gḗinos “of the earth”), from γῆ (ge, “earth, soil”). The actual meaning may be 'sea in the middle of the world' rather than 'sea surrounded by land'.Ancient Iranians also used the name Daryāy-e ROM (دریای روم), the “Roman Sea” as it was called in Classical Persian texts, as well as the word “Zrēh î Hrom”, the Persian form of the Central sea.The Carthaginians called it the “Syrian Sea”. In ancient Syrian texts, Phoenician epics, and the Hebrew Bible, it was known primarily as the “Great Sea,” HaYam HaGadol, or simply “the Sea.” It has also been called the “Handicap Sea” due to its location, which is sometimes translated as “Western Sea”.

In modern Arabic al-Bahr [al-Abyad] al-Mutawassiṭ (البحر [الأبيض] المتوسط) '[White] Middle Sea' in Mediterranean Islamic and ancient Arabic literature it is known as Bayar al-Rūm (ī) (بحر الروم or بحر الرومي) was the 'Sea of the Romans' or 'Sea of Rome'.

At first, this name referred only to the Eastern Mediterranean, but later it was used to describe the entire Mediterranean.

Other Arabic names are Baḥr al-šām (ī) (بحر الشام) 'Syrian Sea' and Baḥr al-Maghrib (بحرالمغرب) 'Western Sea'.

GEOGRAPHY

The Mediterranean connects:

From the Atlantic Ocean in the Strait of Gibraltar (the place known in the West as the Pillars of Hercules in the Homeric epic.)
In the east, the Bosphorus, which connects the Marmara Sea and the Black Sea in Turkey, and the Dardanelles, which connects the Aegean and Marmara seas.
The Suez Canal, a 163 km (101 mi) long artificial canal, connects the Mediterranean and the Red Sea in the southeast.

The major islands in the Mediterranean are:

Cyprus, Crete, Euboea, Rhodes, Lesbos, Chios, Cephalonia, Corfu, Lemnos, Samos, Naxos and Andros in the Eastern Mediterranean
Sicily, Cres, Krk, Brač, Hvar, Pag, Korčula and Malta in the central Mediterranean, Sardinia, Corsica and the Balearic Islands.
Ibiza, Majorca and Menorca in the Western Mediterranean
The typical Mediterranean climate has hot, humid and dry summers and warm, rainy winters. Plants of the region include olives, grapes, oranges, tangerines and mushrooms.SCOPE

The International Hydrographic Organization defines the borders of the Mediterranean as follows:

Stretching from the Strait of Gibraltar in the west to the Dardanelles and the Suez Canal in the east, the Mediterranean is bordered by the coasts of Europe, Africa and Asia and is divided into two deep basins:

Western basin:
In the west: a line joining the extreme points of Cape Trafalgar (Spain) and Cape Spartel (Africa).
In the northeast: Italy's west coast. In the Strait of Messina a line joins Cape Peloro, the northern extreme of Cape Paci (15°42'E) to the eastern end of the Island of Sicily. The northern coast of Sicily.
In the east: Adventure Lane to Cape Bon (Tunisia), Cape Lilibeo, western point of Sicily (37°47′N 12°22′E).
Eastern Basin:
In the West: Northeastern and eastern borders of the Western Basin.
In the northeast: a line joining Kum Kale (26°11′E), the western entrance to Çanakkale, and Cape Helles.
In the southeast: Entrance to the Suez Canal.
In the east: Lebanon, Syria and the coast of Israel.

COASTAL COUNTRIES

The following countries have a coastline on the Mediterranean:

On the north coast (from west to east): Spain, France, Monaco, Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Albania, Greece, Turkey.
East coast (from north to south): Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Egypt.
Southern coasts (west to east): Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt.
Island nations: Malta, Cyprus.
Several other regions also border the Mediterranean (from west to east):

Gibraltar, a British overseas territory
The autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla, Spain, and nearby islands
Sovereign Base Areas in Cyprus
Palestine Gaza Strip
subdivisions

The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) divides the Mediterranean Sea into a series of smaller waterbodies (from west to east), each with its own designation:

Straits of Gibraltar
Alboran Sea, between Spain and Morocco
Balearic Sea, between mainland Spain and its Balearic Islands
Ligurian Sea between Corsica and Liguria (Italy)
Tyrrhenian Sea surrounded by Sardinia, the Italian peninsula and Sicily
Ionian Sea between Italy, Albania and Greece
Adriatic Sea between Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and Albania
Aegean Sea, between Greece and Türkiye

Thanks For Reading!

Ece Ertemur
5/A

Mediterranean Sea

semayucetas19 — 2023-09-25 06:25:52 UTC

Caspian Sea

2023-09-26 16:00:50 UTC

Caspian See is world’s largest inland bodur of water anten described as the world’s largest lake or a ful-fledged see. İt covers a surface arena of 371,000km2 (143,000 sp mi) excluding the higly saline lagoon of Garabogazgöl to its rast an arena approximately egual to that of Japan with a volume of 78,200km2(19,000 cu mi). İt has a sasalinty of average a thirirt of the salinty of the average see water. It iş bounded bu Kazakistan to the northrast, Russia to the Norahwest, Azerbaijan to the southwest, İran to the south and Turkmenistan to the southeast

Angel Falls, Bolívar State, Venezuela

2023-09-26 16:28:16 UTC

Kerepakupai Meru Waterfall (Spanish: El salto Ángel) is the world's highest waterfall located in Venezuela. According to the official measurement made by the National Geographic team in 1949, it is 979 m high.

The waterfall was discovered by explorer Ernesto Sánchez La Cruz in the early 20th century. The Western world learned about the existence of this waterfall only in 1935.,thanks to American pilot Jimmie Angel. Angel encounters the waterfall during his journey in 1933 in search of precious stones.[2] The plane used by Angel, who wants to share the beauty of the waterfall with his wife and two friends, crashes on the Auyan hill, which the locals call the Devil's Canyon. Angel, his wife and two friends land in a small town after a tough fight that lasts 11 days. Exactly 33 years later, the plane they were on was lifted from the top by helicopter and exhibited at the Aviation Museum in Maracay. With his demon-defying flight, Angel becomes a legend in Venezuela.

As the waters of the waterfall fall from the extreme point to the base, they proceed for 807 meters without hitting any obstacles. Naturalists describe this phenomenon as "free fall." After the 807th meter, the journey of the waters hitting the rock ledge continues for a while and ends at the 979th meter. The waters of the waterfall, which has a foggy appearance, move towards the north and mix with the Churun River.

Thanks for reading
😊

Amazon River 5-A

2023-09-26 17:52:47 UTC

Length:6,400 km
Location:Brazil
Mouth:Atlantic Ocean

The Amazon River in South America is the largest river by discharge volume of water in the world, and the disputed longest river system in the world in comparison to the Nile.

Countries
Peru, Colombia, Brazil

Cities
Iquitos (Peru); Leticia (Colombia);
Tabatinga (Brazil); Tefé (Brazil);
Itacoatiara (Brazil) Parintins (Brazil);
Óbidos (Brazil); Santarém (Brazil);
Almeirim (Brazil); Macapá (Brazil);
Manaus (Brazil)

Basin size
7,000,000 km2

Width
• minimum
700 m (2,300 ft) (Upper Amazon); 1.5 km (0.93 mi) (Itacoatiara, Lower Amazon)
• average
3 km (1.9 mi) (Middle Amazon); 5 km (3.1 mi) (Lower Amazon)
• maximum
10 km (6.2 mi) to 14 km (8.7 mi) (Lower Amazon); 340 km (210 mi) (estuary)

Depth
• average
15 m (49 ft) to 45 m (148 ft) (Middle Amazon); 20 m (66 ft) to 50 m (160 ft) (Lower Amazon)
• maximum
150 m (490 ft) (Itacoatiara); 130 m (430 ft) (Óbidos)

Tributaries
• left
Marañón, Nanay, Napo, Ampiyaçu, Japurá/Caquetá, Rio Negro/Guainía, Putumayo, Badajós, Manacapuru, Urubu, Uatumã, Nhamundá, Trombetas, Maicurú, Curuá, Paru, Jari
• right
Ucayali, Jandiatuba, Javary, Jutai, Juruá, Tefé, Coari, Purús, Madeira, Paraná do Ramos, Tapajós, Curuá-Una, Xingu, Pará, Tocantins, Acará, Guamá

salda lake

2023-09-27 14:30:32 UTC

salda lake is in Yeşilova burdur. Araund it has forest and rocks. Lakes water is litle salty. The lake is closed water does not spill out. Lake is 44km2. Salda lake is Turkeys 3th deepest lake. Salda lakes deepest hight is 184 meters . Regualry the water is 15 degrees.Lake has 4 difrent fish tyeps.

Niagara Falls Ali Aras 5/A

2023-09-29 13:08:28 UTC

Niagara Falls is a waterfall in the Canadian province of Ontario. The city is located opposite the city of the same name in the USA, in the immediate vicinity of Niagara Falls. Its surface area is 209.71 km², which is 82,997 as of the year of its life in 2011.

Kızılırmak Mina Mutlu

2023-09-29 16:30:28 UTC

The Kızılırmak flows from Sivas,Kayseri,Nevşehir,Kırşehir,Kırıkkale,Ankara
Aksaray,Çankırı,Çorum

Kızılrmak is the longest river in Türkiye

Kızılrmak starts from Black Sea

Kızılrmak is 1.355 km long

The river's water is used to grow rice and in a
few areas water bufalo are kept

Kızılriver iş named after and largely set in
The Kızılrmak basin during the age of the Hittites

The Great Barrier Reef, Australia, Psalm McFadyen

2023-09-29 16:45:22 UTC

The Great Barrier Reef is the worlds largest coral reef system, composed of 2,900 individual reefs and 900 islands stretching for over 2,300 kilometres over an area approximately 344,400 square kilometres.

Where? The reef is located in the coral sea, off the coast of Queensland Australia

5 Interesting Facts:
1:The Great Barrier Reef is the worlds largest living structure
2: Astronauts can see the Reef from space!
3: The Great Barrier Reef is ancient, parts of it date back as much as 20 million years
4: Reefs grow about half an inch a year (1.3cm)
5:The Great Barrier Reef has an average of 35 meters in its inshore waters, while an outer reefs continental slopes exist down to depths of more than 2,000 meters

The Blacksea Yaman Rüzgar Gündoğan 5/A

2023-09-30 19:24:18 UTC

The Blacksea is in the north of Türkiye.The Blacksea is one of the seven geoaphical regions.Usually there is rain.The Blacksea is green.The favourite food of the Blacksea is anchovy.

Pacific Ocean

2023-10-01 16:41:39 UTC

The Pacific Ocean is the world's largest and deepest ocean, covering about one-third of the Earth's surface. It lies between Asia and Australia to the west and North and South America to the east. The ocean's greatest depth, called the Challenger Deep, reaches around 36,070 feet (10,994 meters) in the Mariana Trench.

Known for its diverse marine life, the Pacific Ocean houses a wide variety of creatures, including fish, whales, dolphins, and coral. It plays a crucial role in regulating global climate by absorbing heat and carbon dioxide and affecting weather patterns and temperatures.

The Pacific is a geologically active region, encircled by the "Ring of Fire," with frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. It is home to several islands and archipelagos, such as Hawaii and the Galápagos Islands, each with unique ecosystems.

Throughout history, the Pacific has been a significant route for trade and exploration. Today, it remains vital for global commerce, connecting Asia, the Americas, and Oceania through major shipping routes