Legal foundtions Special ED Padlet by

PL 93-112

keh28998 — 2025-09-02 19:05:27 UTC

This law is known as the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. This was actually the first civil rights law to protect people with disabilities for anything that got federal funding. The section of this act that is very important is section 504. Section 504 states that individuals with disabilities will share the same rights and have access to everything as those without disabilities. Section 504 also enforced "FAPE" and gave all student free access to public education.

PL101-336

keh28998 — 2025-09-02 19:06:51 UTC

This is the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA). This law prohibits any discrimination against individuals with disabilities in all areas of public life. This means there is no discrimination in employment, public accommodations and travel, public education, and telephone services. This law helps a broader area of individuals because this also helps those without federal funding.

PL 108-446

car42138 — 2025-09-02 19:08:49 UTC

PL 108-446 is also known as Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004. This act, established in 2004, provides states with the opportunity to accept federal funding to provide a free public education for students with disabilities, in the Least Restrictive Environment. This act is set apart from other acts because it emphasizes the focus on accountability and successful outcomes by emphasizing reading, early intervention, and research-based instruction by requiring special education educators to be highly qualified. A free and appropriate education to those students who are eligible is a great benefit of this act. PL 108-446 supports eligible students in their education. This act addresses the individualized education program, free and appropriate education, and least restrictive environment are a few examples of pillars in special education that this act addresses.

PL 107-110

car42138 — 2025-09-02 19:09:11 UTC

No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 is the common name for PL 107-110. In 2001, this act was signed into law to extensively amend and reauthorize most federal elementary and secondary education aid programs. This law is different from others because it increased federal accountability for schools and requires teachers to be "highly qualified". This act benefits students and parents. Students can benefit from this act because it opens more tutoring and support opportunities in order for students to thrive. FAPE, LRE, appropriate evaluation, parent participation, accountability, and highly qualified teachers are the pillars addressed in this law.

Brown vs Board of Education

car42138 — 2025-09-02 19:09:33 UTC

In 1954, Brown vs Board of Education was put in place. This court case ruled that separating children in public schools based on their race was unconstitutional. Brown v Board of Education is different than other court cases because it was a Supreme Court decision and it focused on race in education which most cases don't deal with. Today, looking back, this court case was beneficial to parents, students, and teachers because this case was the start to ending segregation in schools. At the time of this court case, colored students and parents benefited more from this outcome, but now if beneficial for everyone. FAPE, LRE, parental involvement, equity and non-discrimination are the few pillars of education addressed in this case. overall, Brown v board of education was a very important court case that supported and improved education in America.

PARC vs Pennsylvania

car42138 — 2025-09-02 19:09:51 UTC

PARC v Pennsylvania can also be referred to as the lawsuit that the organization, Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children, filed against the state of Pennsylvania in 1971. This court case ruled that studetns with intellectual disabilities cannot be denied access to free public education. Schools are now required to provide appropriate educational serviced tailored to the needs of the student. This court case was the first major court case in America that affirmed that children with disabilities have a constitutional right to free ad appropriate education. students, parents, and teachers all benefit from this court ruling. students with special needs get a free education, parents no longer need to worry about the education system not accepting their chid with special needs, and teachers can now spend more time catering to their students and their needs. FAPE, LRE, parental involvement, procedural safeguards, and non-discrimination are the pillars addressed in this curt case. In conclusion, PARC v PA was a successful and very beneficial court case in the special education community.

PL 110-325

keh28998 — 2025-09-02 19:10:42 UTC

This is the Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments of 2008 (ADAA). This act was established to broaden the definition of a disability to protect more people. The definition of a disability is now "A Physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities". This also extends to having a record of an impairment or being regarded as having an impairment. The list of major life activities also got expanded as they added reading, concentrating, thinking, and functions of the immune system or neurological functioning. This law made it much easier for individuals with disabilities to receive accommodations.

Board of Education vs Rowley

lou50167 — 2025-09-02 19:12:13 UTC

Board of education vs Rowley is just known as Rowley v Board of education and took place in the year 1982. The proceedings of the court case accomplished the decision that the education of handicapped act does not require schools to provide special instruction to students so they can achieve their "full potential". It is a unique case as it laid the groundwork for IDEA. It benefited students by setting the standards of handicapped student to receive an appropriate education that is tailored to the student's needs. This case specifically addressed "Free Appropriate Public Education" and "Individualized Education Programs (IEP)"

PL 94-142

pis85500 — 2025-09-02 19:12:40 UTC

The PL 94-142 law is commonly known as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. This law was enacted in 1975 by President Ford to establish that all children with disabilities receive educational services without being excluded from other students in the public schools. This law accomplished free and fair education for all students with disabilities which made it equal to all students. This is a unique law because it imposed the forming of the Individualized Education Program, which made sure all children had services provided to them and protecting the parents parental rights. The PL 94-142 law benefited the students, parents, and teachers by ensuring Free Appropriate Public Education and it also gave the parents the right to due process and make there own decisions towards there child’s education. The pillars of Special Education specifically addressed the Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE), Individualized Education Programs (IEPS), Least Restrictive Enviroment (LRE), Parental Participation, Procedural Due Process, and Nondiscriminatory Evaluation. These were important because it helped make certain that all students had equal and necessary support throughout there education.

PL 99-457

pis85500 — 2025-09-03 14:25:01 UTC

The PL 99-457 is commonly called the “Education of the Handicapped Amendment”, which was established in 1986. This amendment accomplished programs for children with disabilities from infant to the age of two. This is unique because it was the first to provide services to young infants and toddlers with disabilities. This benefited students, parents, and teachers by developing accessible public education for young children ages 3-5 and also services for infants and toddlers. The pillars of Special Education that were addressed in the law were the Early Intervention Services, Preschool Services, and Procedural Safeguards for the safety of infants to age 5. This later introduced the Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP). The PL 99-457 also helped parents establish there child’s education and make decisions for there own child.

PL 101-476

pis85500 — 2025-09-03 14:25:25 UTC

The PL 101-476 law is commonly known as the “Individuals with Disabilities Education Act” (IDEA), which is also called the “Education of the Handicapped Act Amendment”, which was established in 1990. This law accomplished renaming it IDEA, created “people-first” language, added autism and traumatic brain injury to the disability categories, and stated the need for transition services for students ages 16 and older. This law is unique because it officially provided the “assistive technology device” to improve functionality for children with disabilities. This law benefited students, parents, and teachers by improving educational outcomes with the assistance of technology devices and it also expanded the disability categories. The pillar of Special Education that the PL 101-476 law addressed was the Education for All handicapped Children Act. This act helped further define categories of disabilities including Autism and Traumatic Brain Injuries which helped broaden the range of disability’s.

PL 105-17

pis85500 — 2025-09-03 14:26:12 UTC

The Pl 105-17 is commonly known as the “Individuals with Disabilities Eduction Act Amendment” which was established in 1997. The greatest accomplishments include increasing parent participation, include children with disabilities in state assessments, and creating mediation to resolve any parent-school conflict. The PL 105-17 law is unique because it introduces discipline provision and provided school flexibility with students involved in drug/ weapon settings. The Pl 105-17 benefited the students with transition services ages 14 and older and also improved disciplinary actions for students with disabilities to resolve disputes. The pillars of Special Education addressed were the Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE), Least Restrictive Environment (LRE), and the procedural safeguards. This set a foundation for a safe and fair environments for all children and children with disabilities in a school.

Daniel R.R. v State Board of Education

lou50167 — 2025-09-03 16:24:39 UTC

This case is only known as Daniel R.R. v State Board of Education it took place in 1989. This case established the legal standard for the prosses "mainstreaming". It is unique because of its establishment of "mainstreaming" which requires students with disabilities to be educated in what is considered to be their "least restrictive environments". It is benefitable to students and parents as the children with be able to reach full potential from being in less restrictive environments. It most effected Mainstreaming, IDEA, and LRE.

Oberti v Board of Education

lou50167 — 2025-09-03 16:25:02 UTC

This case is known as Oberti v Board of Education and happened in the year 1992. This case accomplished it being required that students with disabilities should be given a chance in a general education classroom with proper aides and accommodations for success before being placed in a class that segregates students who have disabilities. The case is unique as it establishes inclusion. Students benefit from this as they can no longer be separated from other classmates just because of certain setbacks. This mingled with the pillars of Mainstreaming and inclusion with nondisabled peers.

Cedar Rapids v Garret F

lou50167 — 2025-09-03 16:25:22 UTC

This is the case of Cedar Rapids v Garret F that happened in 1999. In this case the supreme court established that schools should be required to provide continuous nursing services to students with disabilities under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). Students With disabilities benefited from this case as they're able to have access to help with physical needs they may need at school. This affected the IDEA and student support services.