Bureaucracy – a group of appointed officials who are responsible for different areas of government
Silk Road – large network of trade routes stretching from western China to Mediterranean Sea
Mandate of Heaven- the belief that the Chinese king’s right to rule came from the gods

 

civilization – complex society with cities, organized government, art, religion, class divisions, and a writing system
division of labor/specialization of labor – different types of jobs to fit the skills of each person
Hammurabi’s Code – collection of laws created by Hammurabi that covered almost every aspect of daily life

Agriculture - growing crops for human use or farming
Dynasty – a line of rulers from one family

 Built temples called ziggurats to honor their gods

Believed the pharaohs needed a body in the afterlife

Theocracy

Nirvana – in Buddhism, a state of wisdom and freedom from the cycle of rebirthBrahman – in Hinduism, the universal spirit of which all gods and goddesses are different parts

The Brahman is the universal spirit made up of thousands of gods and goddesses.

Representative Democracy-USA system of government, where citizens choose a smaller group to make laws and decisions for them
Epic- long poem that tells about legends or heroes
Drama- story told by actors who pretend to be characters in the story

gladiator- person who fought animals and other people as public entertainment

keystones- wedge-shaped stone of an arch that locks its parts together

Salvation-the act of being saved from sin and allowed to enter heaven

Clergy-religious officials, such as priests, given authority to conduct religious services
Gospel-(“good news”) one of the four accounts of Jesus’ life, teachings, and resurrection

Islam-means “surrendering to the will of Allah”

Muslim- followers of Islam

  

Porcelain – type of ceramic ware that is made of fine clay and baked at high temperatures

Emperor - The line of rulers during Medieval Japan that didn’t hold any real power. 

knight- in the Middle Ages, a noble warrior who fought on horseback
Magna Carta – the great charter signed by King John states that king was not above the law of the land and protecting the rights of the people
Crusades – Christian military expedition, or holy war led to recover the Holy Lands from the Muslims

theology- the study of religion and God

Reformation- a religious movement that created a new form of Christianity known as Protestantism 

Martin Luther- Monk who challenged the Catholic church, nailed 95 theses (arguments) on door of church--->started reformation 

Predestination-a religious belief that God has already decided who will go to heaven and who will not,God’s will is absolute and decides everything in the world in advance

indulgence - pay to get a pardon, or forgiveness, of sin