1. Ship →

2. Think →

3. Church →

4. Jump →

5. Ng → (e.g., "sing")

B. Minimal Pairs (Distinguishing Sounds)
Circle the word you hear:

1. Sheep /ʃiːp/ vs. Ship /ʃɪp/

2. Bat /bæt/ vs. Bet /bɛt/

3. Light /laɪt/ vs. Right /raɪt/

4. Sink /sɪŋk/ vs. Think /θɪŋk/

5. Fan /fæn/ vs. Van /væn/

1. Photograph → ˈPho·to·graph

2. Photography → Pho·to·gra·phy

3. Democracy → De·mo·cra·cy

4. Economy → E·co·no·my

5. Comfortable → ˈCom·for·ta·ble

B. Assimilation & Linking Sounds
How do these sounds change in connected speech?

1. "Did you" → /dɪdʒu/ (Palatalization: /d/ + /j/ = /dʒ/)

2. "Want to" → /wɒnə/ (Reduction: "to" → /ə/)

3. "Handbag" → /hæmbæɡ/ (Nasal assimilation: /nd/ → /m/)

C. Phonotactics (Allowed Sound Combinations)
Which of these words are possible in English? Why?

1. Blick (✅ Possible – /blɪk/)

2. Ngop (❌ Impossible – English words don’t start with /ŋ/)

3. Strengths (✅ Possible – /strɛŋθs/, though complex)

3. Advanced Phonological Analysis

A. Identify the Phonological Process
What rule explains these pronunciation changes?

1. "Input" → /ɪmpʊt/ (Nasal place assimilation: /n/ → /m/ before /p/)

2. "Fifth" → /fɪθ/ (Consonant cluster simplification)

B. Error Correction (ESL Learners’ Common Mistakes)
Fix the pronunciation errors:

1. "I espeak Spanish." → "I speak Spanish." (Epenthesis: Avoid adding /e/ before /sp/)

2. "He go-ed to school." → "He went to school." (Overgeneralization of -ed ending)

/ʃɪp/

Here's the breakdown:

• /ʃ/ = the "sh" sound, as in shoe

• /ɪ/ = a short "i" sound, as in bit

• /p/ = the "p" sound, as in pen

1. Ship
   IPA: /ʃɪp/
   Fonem:

   • /ʃ/ = voiceless postalveolar fricative

   • /ɪ/ = near-close near-front unrounded vowel

   • /p/ = voiceless bilabial plosive

2. Thick
   IPA: /θɪk/
   Fonem:

   • /θ/ = voiceless dental fricative

   • /ɪ/ = near-close near-front unrounded vowel

   • /k/ = voiceless velar plosive

3. Church
   IPA: /tʃɜːtʃ/ (British) atau /tʃɝːtʃ/ (American)
   Fonem:

   • /tʃ/ = voiceless postalveolar affricate

   • /ɜː/ (BrE) /ɝː/ (AmE) = mid-central vowel with r-coloring

   • /tʃ/ = voiceless postalveolar affricate (lagi)

4. Jump
   IPA: /dʒʌmp/
   Fonem:

   • /dʒ/ = voiced postalveolar affricate

   • /ʌ/ = open-mid back unrounded vowel

   • /m/ = voiced bilabial nasal

   • /p/ = voiceless bilabial plosive

By Moh. Fadli

/ʃɪp/

• /ʃ/ = "sh" like shine

• /ɪ/ = "i" like pick

• /p/ = "p" like party

/θɪŋk/

Here's the breakdown:

• /θ/ = voiceless dental fricative (like the "th" sound in "think" or "thing")

• /ɪ/ = short vowel sound (like the "i" in "bit")

• /ŋ/ = velar nasal sound (like the "ng" in "sing")

• /k/ = voiceless velar plosive (like the "k" in "kick")

• 
  

1. Ship =/ʃɪp/

2. Think=/θɪŋk/

3. Church =/tʃɝːtʃ/

4. Jump =/dʒʌmp/

   By Fitriani

ʃip

think =θ

θɪ̈ŋk

sing =ŋ

Grammar / Glamour
Royal / Loyal
Arrive / Alive
Ramp / Lamp
Bowling / Boring
Belly / Berry
Rock / Lock
Light / Right
Grow / Glow
Collect / Correct
Climb / Crime
Rag / Lag
Link / Rink
Gloom / Groom

fonetik: /θ/ like : think, thank ,

fonetik /p/ like : paper, pen 

• /iː/ (fleece, see)

• /ɪ/ (kit, bit)

• /e/ (dress, bed)  

• /eɪ/ (face, say)

• /ɛ/ (bet, head)

• /æ/ (trap, cat)onsonants:

  • Plosives (stops):

    • /p/ (pen)  

    • /b/ (ball)

    • /t/ (tea)

    • /d/ (dog)

    • /k/ (cat)

    • /ɡ/ (go)

    • /ʔ/ (glottal stop - uh-oh)

  • 
    

1. Unhappiness
   Morphene segmentation: un- + happy + -ness

   • un- = prefix (negation)

   • happy = root (adjective)

   • -ness = suffix (noun marker)

2. Redoing
   Morphene segmentation: re- + do + -ing

   • re- = prefix (again)

   • do = root (verb)

   • -ing = suffix (present participle/gerund)

3. Misunderstood
   Morphene segmentation: mis- + under + stand + -ed

   • mis- = prefix (wrongly)

   • under = prefix (can add intensifier or spatial meaning)

   • stand = root (verb)

   • -ed = suffix (past tense)

4. Carefully
   Morphene segmentation: care + -ful + -ly

   • care = root (noun/verb)

   • -ful = suffix (adjective marker)

   • -ly = suffix (adverb marker)

5. Repayment
   Morphene segmentation: re- + pay + -ment

   • re- = prefix (again)

   • pay = root (verb)

   • -ment = suffix (noun marker)

6. Irregularity
   Morphene segmentation: ir- + regular + -ity

   • ir- = prefix (negation)

   • regular = root (adjective)

   • -ity = suffix (noun marker)

7. Disagreement
   Morphene segmentation: dis- + agree + -ment

   • dis- = prefix (negation/opposite)

   • agree = root (verb)

   • -ment = suffix (noun marker)

By Moh. Fadli

1. Unhappiness

2. Reactivation

3. Disrespectful

4. Bicycles

   
   

   B. Derivation vs. Inflection Morphemes

5. Running

6. Happiness

7. Dogs

8. Quickly

9. Teacher

C. Word Formation

1. Anti-

2. bio-

3. -ic

4. trans-

5. -able

D. Fill in the blank affixes

1. She is very ...(trust)... She never lies.

2. The ...(agree)... led to a fight.

1. She go to school every day.

2. The cat sat on the mat.

3. John might can help you.

4. Despite it rained, we went out.

5. I saw the man with binoculars.