BIOLOGY 5 USAHA by RAFIDAH BINTI ABDUL HAMID Moe

(A) Goal 15 ~ LIFE ON LAND

2021-07-09 02:23:08 UTC

Human life depends on the earth as much as the ocean for our sustenance and livelihoods. Plant life provides 80 percent of the human diet, and we rely on agriculture as an important economic resource. Forests cover 30 percent of the Earth’s surface, provide vital habitats for millions of species, and important sources for clean air and water, as well as being crucial for combating climate change.

Every year, 13 million hectares of forests are lost, while the persistent degradation of drylands has led to the desertification of 3.6 billion hectares, disproportionately affecting poor communities.

While 15 percent of land is protected, biodiversity is still at risk. Nearly 7,000 species of animals and plants have been illegally traded. Wildlife trafficking not only erodes biodiversity, but creates insecurity, fuels conflict, and feeds corruption.

Urgent action must be taken to reduce the loss of natural habitats and biodiversity which are part of our common heritage and support global food and water security, climate change mitigation and adaptation, and peace and security.

(B) Kuala Lumpur City Hall Agenda 21 Actions

a) Goal 13 - Climate action

m4188786 — 2021-07-09 02:40:49 UTC

2019 was the second warmest year on record and the end of the warmest decade (2010- 2019) ever recorded.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) levels and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere rose to new records in 2019.

Climate change is affecting every country on every continent. It is disrupting national economies and affecting lives. Weather patterns are changing, sea levels are rising, and weather events are becoming more extreme.

Although greenhouse gas emissions are projected to drop about 6 per cent in 2020 due to travel bans and economic slowdowns resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, this improvement is only temporary. Climate change is not on pause. Once the global economy begins to recover from the pandemic, emissions are expected to return to higher levels.

Saving lives and livelihoods requires urgent action to address both the pandemic and the climate emergency.

b)Shah Alam LA21 Programs in 2011

Chong Hui En

2021-07-09 02:43:56 UTC

a) Goal 7: Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all

Evolution of distributed energy technology, maturity of financial tools and a greater awareness across stakeholders offer a new opportunity for solving the global issue of energy access. With technology largely available, the critical factors to overcome are the financial challenge – by making long-term investment projects both bankable and scalable – and the capability constraints. Enabling those will allow energy systems to reach their goal of affordability and sustainability today.

Goal 8: Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all

Well-functioning and transparent institutions that effectively protect property rights, reduce red tape, combat corruption and keep nepotism in check are essential. Getting this right will create a stable and predictable business environment, which will, in turn, fuel investment, create jobs and facilitate the production of higher value goods and services in an economy.

Goal 9: Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation

Through a resilient, trusted digital infrastructure we have a unique opportunity to add 2 billion people to the innovation process. Let’s enable collaborative innovation processes focused on eliminating waste of resources instead of replacing labour with technology.

b) In order to enhance the comprehensive program of LA in Malaysia, Selangor has been chosen as the first state in incorporating the strategies of sustainability to all the level of governance.Below table is the Local Agenda in Selangor.i) Shah Alam city council (left): ii) Petaling Jaya city council (right):

Lim Jing Yi

2021-07-09 02:54:49 UTC

A) Goal 6 : Clean Water and Sanitation

While substantial progress has been made in increasing access to clean drinking water and sanitation, billions of people—mostly in rural areas—still lack these basic services. Worldwide, one in three people do not have access to safe drinking water, two out of five people do not have a basic hand-washing facility with soap and water, and more than 673 million people still practice open defecation.

The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the critical importance of sanitation, hygiene and adequate access to clean water for preventing and containing diseases. Hand hygiene saves lives. According to the World Health Organization, handwashing is one of the most effective actions you can take to reduce the spread of pathogens and prevent infections, including the COVID-19 virus. Yet billions of people still lack safe water sanitation, and funding is inadequate.

B) Iskandar Malaysia Johor Blueprints agenda

2021-07-09 02:55:30 UTC

(a) Goal 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities
More than half of us live in cities. By 2050, two-thirds of all humanity—6.5 billion people—will be urban. Sustainable development cannot be achieved without significantly transforming the way we build and manage our urban spaces.

The rapid growth of cities—a result of rising populations and increasing migration—has led to a boom in mega-cities, especially in the developing world, and slums are becoming a more significant feature of urban life.

Making cities sustainable means creating career and business opportunities, safe and affordable housing, and building resilient societies and economies. It involves investment in public transport, creating green public spaces, and improving urban planning and management in participatory and inclusive ways.

(b) Iskandar Malaysia Johor Blueprints agenda

m3832209 — 2021-07-09 03:17:03 UTC

(a) GOAL 7: Affordable and Clean Energy.
In 2015, the UN General Assembly adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which include a dedicated and stand-alone goal on energy, SDG 7, calling to “ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all". Energy lies at the heart of both the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Paris Agreement on Climate Change. Ensuring access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all will open a new world of opportunities for billions of people through new economic opportunities and jobs, empowered women, children and youth, better education and health, more sustainable, equitable and inclusive communities, and greater protections from, and resilience to, climate change.
(b) Local Agenda 21 (LA 21) has been adopted in a holistic approach to facilitate the economic development, with a manner of protecting and preserving the environment, and a goal to achieve the sustainable living in an equitable society. Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, and Johor Bahru are one of the urbanized State and city in Malaysia for which many initiatives have been taken to integrate the economic, social and environmental solutions into its urban development. This paper amasses the LA 21 implementation which performed by Kuala Lumpur City Hall, Iskandar Malaysia Johor and the pioneer in the state of Selangor which is Shah Alam and Petaling Jaya in order to comprehend their commitments given in the program. In addition, the implementation of LA 21 is summarized with the framework of initiatives taken by the local government to embrace the local community involvement. Methods:The methodology relies on the document analysis related to the LA 21 activities conducted by these cities in summary tabulation of practices. Results: Based on the results of the analysis, it indicates that each of the state and city has created their own sustainable approaches by carrying out impressive programs and plans such as clearing and cleaning up areas, recycling programs, cultural and heritage activities, develop the neighbourhood action plan, implementation green building project and others. Whilst, the initiatives taken by the local government to establish the commitment from communities vary from awareness campaign, seminar, general meeting with focus group and develop a strategy to deliver effective information such as focusing on the interest group, region, age and gender. Conclusion: Through this program, the committee, the Local Authority, and the private sector are actively contributing in building up the LA 21 through having an active participation and voluntarily involvement. In conclusion, LA 21 implementation in Selangor, Kuala Lumpur and Johor Bahru continues as a program that able to generate the present and future development exemplar to the other City Councils and States in Malaysia. It is a program to forge a partnership between various stakeholders to show the commitment to the sustainable development.
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Lee Yuan

2021-07-09 03:29:17 UTC

(a) Goal 15 - Life On Land

15.1 By 2020, ensure the conservation, restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial and inland freshwater ecosystems and their services, in particular forests, wetlands, mountains and drylands, in line with obligations under international agreements

15.2 By 2020, promote the implementation of sustainable management of all types of forests, halt deforestation, restore degraded forests and substantially increase afforestation and reforestation globally

15.3 By 2030, combat desertification, restore degraded land and soil, including land affected by desertification, drought and floods, and strive to achieve a land degradation-neutral world

15.4 By 2030, ensure the conservation of mountain ecosystems, including their biodiversity, in order to enhance their capacity to provide benefits that are essential for sustainable development

15.5 Take urgent and significant action to reduce the degradation of natural habitats, halt the loss of biodiversity and, by 2020, protect and prevent the extinction of threatened species

15.6 Promote fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources and promote appropriate access to such resources, as internationally agreed

15.7 Take urgent action to end poaching and trafficking of protected species of flora and fauna and address both demand and supply of illegal wildlife products

15.8 By 2020, introduce measures to prevent the introduction and significantly reduce the impact of invasive alien species on land and water ecosystems and control or eradicate the priority species

15.9 By 2020, integrate ecosystem and biodiversity values into national and local planning, development processes, poverty reduction strategies and accounts

15.A Mobilize and significantly increase financial resources from all sources to conserve and sustainably use biodiversity and ecosystems

15.B Mobilize significant resources from all sources and at all levels to finance sustainable forest management and provide adequate incentives to developing countries to advance such management, including for conservation and reforestation

15.C Enhance global support for efforts to combat poaching and trafficking of protected species, including by increasing the capacity of local communities to pursue sustainable livelihood opportunities

(b) Sustainable development in Selangor

Selangor's Commitment to Sustainable Development underpinned the project on Strategies for Sustainable Development and Agenda 21 Selangor, which was initiated in 1998 (Pereira, Ibrahim Komoo, Nordin Hasan and Halimaton Hashim, 2005). The main objective of this project was to formulate strategies and action plans for sustainable development, in line with the government's aspiration to achieve developed status by the year 2005. One of the documents that have resulted from that project is Agenda 21 Selangor which defined as a strategic action plan to develop the state based on a holistic approach and the concept of sustainability (Government of Selangor, 2003). Over 700 strategic actions have been identified based on the strategies for sustainable development. As such, two local authorities were selected for the pilot study of the implementation of Agenda 21 Selangor which were Shah Alam City Council and Kuala Selangor District Council.

Lim Xiao Qi

2021-07-09 03:35:21 UTC

Goal 8 - Decent work & Economy Growth

COVID-19 has disrupted billions of lives and endangered the global economy. As job losses escalate, the International Labor Organization estimates that nearly half of the global workforce is at risk of losing their livelihoods.

Even before the outbreak of COVID-19, 1 in 5 countries – home to billions of people living in poverty – were likely to see per capita incomes stagnate or decline in 2020. Now, the economic and financial shocks associated with COVID-19—

8 GOALS TARGET-

8.1 Sustain per capita economic growth in accordance with national circumstances and, in particular, at least 7 per cent gross domestic product growth per annum in the least developed countries

8.2 Achieve higher levels of economic productivity through diversification, technological upgrading and innovation, including through a focus on high-value added and labour-intensive sectors

8.3 Promote development-oriented policies that support productive activities, decent job creation, entrepreneurship, creativity and innovation, and encourage the formalization and growth of micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises, including through access to financial services

8.4 Improve progressively, through 2030, global resource efficiency in consumption and production and endeavour to decouple economic growth from environmental degradation, in accordance with the 10-year framework of programmes on sustainable consumption and production, with developed countries taking the lead

8.5 By 2030, achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all women and men, including for young people and persons with disabilities, and equal pay for work of equal value

8.6 By 2020, substantially reduce the proportion of youth not in employment, education or training

8.7 Take immediate and effective measures to eradicate forced labour, end modern slavery and human trafficking and secure the prohibition and elimination of the worst forms of child labour, including recruitment and use of child soldiers, and by 2025 end child labour in all its forms

8.8 Protect labour rights and promote safe and secure working environments for all workers, including migrant workers, in particular women migrants, and those in precarious employment

8.9 By 2030, devise and implement policies to promote sustainable tourism that creates jobs and promotes local culture and products

8.10 Strengthen the capacity of domestic financial institutions to encourage and expand access to banking, insurance and financial services for all

8.A Increase Aid for Trade support for developing countries, in particular least developed countries, including through the Enhanced Integrated Framework for Trade-Related Technical Assistance to Least Developed Countries

8.B By 2020, develop and operationalize a global strategy for youth employment and implement the Global Jobs Pact of the International Labour Organization

(b) Action taken by local

-recycle
- control pollution
-minimize solid waste
-social integration
-security

YikChuen

2021-07-09 03:38:27 UTC

Goal10
A)The Goal has ten targets to be achieved by 2030. Progress towards targets will be measured by indicators. The first seven targets are "outcome targets": Reduce income inequalities; promote universal social, economic and political inclusion; ensure equal opportunities and end discrimination; adopt fiscal and social policies that promotes equality; improved regulation of global financial markets and institutions; enhanced representation for developing countries in financial institutions; responsible and well-managed migration policies. The other three targets are "means of achievement" targets: Special and differential treatment for developing countries; encourage development assistance and investment in least developed countries; reduce transaction costs for migrant remittances.Target 10.1 is to "sustain income growth of the bottom 40 per cent of the population at a rate higher than the national average". This goal, known as "shared prosperity", is complementing SDG 1, the eradication of extreme poverty, and it is relevant for all countries in the world.In 73 countries during the period 2012–2017, the bottom 40 per cent of the population saw its incomes grow. Still, in all countries with data, the bottom 40 per cent of the population received less than 25 per cent of the overall income or consumption.

michelle

2021-07-09 05:24:06 UTC

goal 12-responsible consumption and production
Worldwide consumption and production — a driving force of the global economy — rest on the use of the natural environment and resources in a way that continues to have destructive impacts on the planet.

Economic and social progress over the last century has been accompanied by environmental degradation that is endangering the very systems on which our future development — indeed, our very survival — depends.

A few facts and figures:

Each year, an estimated one third of all food produced – equivalent to 1.3 billion tonnes worth around $1 trillion – ends up rotting in the bins of consumers and retailers, or spoiling due to poor transportation and harvesting practices.
If people worldwide switched to energy efficient light bulbs the world would save US$120 billion annually.
Should the global population reach 9.6 billion by 2050, the equivalent of almost three planets could be required to provide the natural resources needed to sustain current lifestyles.

The COVID-19 pandemic offers countries an opportunity to build recovery plans that will reverse current trends and change our consumption and production patterns towards a more sustainable future.

Sustainable consumption and production is about doing more and better with less. It is also about decoupling economic growth from environmental degradation, increasing resource efficiency and promoting sustainable lifestyles.

Sustainable consumption and production can also contribute substantially to poverty alleviation and the transition towards low-carbon and green economies.

(b) sustainable consumption & production (SCP) policy support Malaysia

a) Goal 13-Climate Action

irveena28 — 2021-07-09 05:33:37 UTC

Greenhouse gas emissions are more than 50 percent higher than in 1990. Global warming is causing long-lasting changes to our world climate system which threatens irreversible consequences if we do not take a quick action.

Many physical impacts of climate change are already visible which includes extreme weather events, glacier retreat, changes in the timing of seasonal events, sea level rise and declines in Arctic sea ice.

Goal Targets :
- Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and natural disasters in all countries

- Integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies and planning

- Improve education, awareness raising and human and institutional capacity on climate change mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction and early warming

- Promote mechanisms for raising capacity for effective climate change-related planning and management in least developed countries

b) Kuala Lumpur City Hall Agenda 21 actions taken

Goal 14: Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources

m4209497 — 2021-07-09 06:05:30 UTC

14.1 By 2025, prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution of all kinds, in particular from land-based activities, including marine debris and nutrient pollution

14.2 By 2020, sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems to avoid significant adverse impacts, including by strengthening their resilience, and take action for their restoration in order to achieve healthy and productive oceans

14.3 Minimize and address the impacts of ocean acidification, including through enhanced scientific cooperation at all levels

14.4 By 2020, effectively regulate harvesting and end overfishing, illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and destructive fishing practices and implement science-based management plans, in order to restore fish stocks in the shortest time feasible, at least to levels that can produce maximum sustainable yield as determined by their biological characteristics

14.5 By 2020, conserve at least 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas, consistent with national and international law and based on the best available scientific information

14.6 By 2020, prohibit certain forms of fisheries subsidies which contribute to overcapacity and overfishing, eliminate subsidies that contribute to illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and refrain from introducing new such subsidies, recognizing that appropriate and effective special and differential treatment for developing and least developed countries should be an integral part of the World Trade Organization fisheries subsidies negotiation

14.7 By 2030, increase the economic benefits to Small Island developing States and least developed countries from the sustainable use of marine resources, including through sustainable management of fisheries, aquaculture and tourism

14.A Increase scientific knowledge, develop research capacity and transfer marine technology, taking into account the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission Criteria and Guidelines on the Transfer of Marine Technology, in order to improve ocean health and to enhance the contribution of marine biodiversity to the development of developing countries, in particular small island developing States and least developed countries

14.B Provide access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets

14.C Enhance the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their resources by implementing international law as reflected in UNCLOS, which provides the legal framework for the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their resources, as recalled in paragraph 158 of The Future We Want

a) Goal 14 – Life Below Water

m3834093 — 2021-07-09 06:11:02 UTC

The ocean drives global systems that make the Earth habitable for humankind. Our rainwater, drinking water, weather, climate, coastlines, much of our food, and even the oxygen in the air we breathe, are all ultimately provided and regulated by the sea.

Careful management of this essential global resource is a key feature of a sustainable future. However, at the current time, there is a continuous deterioration of coastal waters owing to pollution, and ocean acidification is having an adversarial effect on the functioning of ecosystems and biodiversity. This is also negatively impacting small scale fisheries.

Saving our ocean must remain a priority. Marine biodiversity is critical to the health of people and our planet. Marine protected areas need to be effectively managed and well-resourced and regulations need to be put in place to reduce overfishing, marine pollution and ocean acidification

Goals:
- prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution of all kinds, in particular from land-based activities, including marine debris and nutrient pollution

- sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems to avoid significant adverse impacts, including by strengthening their resilience, and take action for their restoration in order to achieve healthy and productive oceans

- Minimize and address the impacts of ocean acidification, including through enhanced scientific cooperation at all levels

- effectively regulate harvesting and end overfishing, illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and destructive fishing practices

- conserve at least 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas, consistent with national and international law and based on the best available scientific information

b)Shah Alam City Council Agenda 21 Actions

Goal 10: Reduce inequality within and among countries

2021-07-09 06:42:30 UTC

a)10.1 By 2030, progressively achieve and sustain income growth of the bottom 40 per cent of the population at a rate higher than the national average.

10.2 By 2030, empower and promote the social, economic and political inclusion of all, irrespective of age, sex, disability, race, ethnicity, origin, religion or economic or other status.

10.3 Ensure equal opportunity and reduce inequalities of outcome, including by eliminating discriminatory laws, policies and practices and promoting appropriate legislation, policies and action in this regard.

10.4 Adopt policies, especially fiscal, wage and social protection policies, and progressively achieve greater equality.

10.5 Improve the regulation and monitoring of global financial markets and institutions and strengthen the implementation of such regulations.

10.6 Ensure enhanced representation and voice for developing countries in decision-making in global international economic and financial institutions in order to deliver more effective, credible, accountable and legitimate institutions.

10.7 Facilitate orderly, safe, regular and responsible migration and mobility of people, including through the implementation of planned and well-managed migration policies.

10.A Implement the principle of special and differential treatment for developing countries, in particular least developed countries, in accordance with World Trade Organization agreements.

10.B Encourage official development assistance and financial flows, including foreign direct investment, to States where the need is greatest, in particular least developed countries, African countries, small island developing States and landlocked developing countries, in accordance with their national plans and programmes.

10.C By 2030, reduce to less than 3 per cent the transaction costs of migrant remittances and eliminate remittance corridors with costs higher than 5 per cent.

b) Petaling jaya city council agenda 21 actions

2021-07-09 07:00:22 UTC

Muhammad Hanifudin Bin Abdul Razak
Goal 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities

In 2008, for the first time in history, the global urban population outnumbered the rural population. This milestone marked the advent of a new 'urban millennium' and, by 2050, it is expected that two-thirds of the world population will be living in urban areas. With more than half of humankind living in cities and the number of urban residents growing by nearly 73 million every year it is estimated that urban areas account for 70 per cent of the world's gross domestic product and has therefore generated economic growth and prosperity for many.

Goals:-

-Enhance inclusive and sustainable urbanization and capacity for participatory, integrated and sustainable human settlement planning and management in all countries

-Support positive economic, social and environmental links between urban, per-urban and rural areas by strengthening national and regional development planning

-Support least developed countries, including through financial and technical assistance, in building sustainable and resilient buildings utilizing local materials

-Provide access to safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable transport systems for all, improving road safety, notably by expanding public transport, with special attention to the needs of those in vulnerable situations, women, children, persons with disabilities and older persons

ISKANDAR MALAYSIA JOHOR AGENDA 21-

(a) Goal 6 - Clean Water and Sanitation

2021-07-09 07:34:56 UTC

Iman Aishah Binti Azrul Hisham

Billions of people (mostly in rural areas) still lack of clean drinking water and sanitation. In worldwide, one in three people do not have access to safe drinking water, two out of five people do not have basic hand washing facility with soap and water, and more than 673 million people still practice open defecation.

The Covid-19 pandemic has demonstrated the critical importance of sanitation, hygiene and adequate access to clean water for preventing and containing diseases. According to the World Health Organisation, handwashing is one of the most effective ways to reduce the spread of pathogens and prevent infections including the Covid-19 virus. Yet billions of people still lack of safe water sanitation and funding is inadequate.

Goals)
-achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all

-achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all and end open defecation, paying special attention to the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situations.

- improve water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping and minimizing release of hazardous chemicals and materials, halving the proportion of untreated wastewater and substantially increasing recycling and safe reuse globally

-substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity

b) Iskandar Malaysia Johor Blueprints Agenda

Yee Soo Ee

2021-07-09 07:46:23 UTC

(A) Goal 6: Clean Water and Sanitation

While substantial progress has been made in increasing access to clean drinking water and sanitation, billions of people—mostly in rural areas—still lack these basic services. Worldwide, one in three people do not have access to safe drinking water, two out of five people do not have a basic hand-washing facility with soap and water, and more than 673 million people still practice open defecation.

The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the critical importance of sanitation, hygiene and adequate access to clean water for preventing and containing diseases. Hand hygiene saves lives. According to the World Health Organization, handwashing is one of the most effective actions you can take to reduce the spread of pathogens and prevent infections, including the COVID-19 virus. Yet billions of people still lack safe water sanitation, and funding is inadequate.

Goals:
- achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all

- achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all and end open defecation, paying special attention to the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situations

- protect and restore water-related ecosystems, including mountains, forests, wetlands, rivers, aquifers and lakes

- improve water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping and minimizing release of hazardous chemicals and materials, halving the proportion of untreated wastewater and substantially increasing recycling and safe reuse globally

- substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity

- implement integrated water resources management at all levels, including through transboundary cooperation as appropriate

(B) Iskandar Malaysia Johor Blueprints Agenda

Audrey

2021-07-09 07:53:18 UTC

Goal 15: Life On Land
15.1 By 2020, ensure the conservation, restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial and inland freshwater ecosystems and their services, in particular forests, wetlands, mountains and drylands, in line with obligations under international agreements

15.2 By 2020, promote the implementation of sustainable management of all types of forests, halt deforestation, restore degraded forests and substantially increase afforestation and reforestation globally

15.3 By 2030, combat desertification, restore degraded land and soil, including land affected by desertification, drought and floods, and strive to achieve a land degradation-neutral world

15.4 By 2030, ensure the conservation of mountain ecosystems, including their biodiversity, in order to enhance their capacity to provide benefits that are essential for sustainable development

15.5 Take urgent and significant action to reduce the degradation of natural habitats, halt the loss of biodiversity and, by 2020, protect and prevent the extinction of threatened species

15.6 Promote fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources and promote appropriate access to such resources, as internationally agreed

15.7 Take urgent action to end poaching and trafficking of protected species of flora and fauna and address both demand and supply of illegal wildlife products

15.8 By 2020, introduce measures to prevent the introduction and significantly reduce the impact of invasive alien species on land and water ecosystems and control or eradicate the priority species

15.9 By 2020, integrate ecosystem and biodiversity values into national and local planning, development processes, poverty reduction strategies and accounts

15.A Mobilize and significantly increase financial resources from all sources to conserve and sustainably use biodiversity and ecosystems

15.B Mobilize significant resources from all sources and at all levels to finance sustainable forest management and provide adequate incentives to developing countries to advance such management, including for conservation and reforestation

15.C Enhance global support for efforts to combat poaching and trafficking of protected species, including by increasing the capacity of local communities to pursue sustainable livelihood opportunities

Fong Wen Sheng

2021-07-09 08:08:36 UTC

Input from Major Group: Local Authorities (2017)
Major Group: Local Authorities
The new international global development agendas – the Agenda 2030/Sustainable Development Goals, the Paris Climate Agreement, and the New Urban Agenda– offer an unprecedented opportunity for local and regional governments (LRGs) to contribute to global sustainability. The LRG constituency reaffirms our commitment to all these global development agendas and our political will to turn these global goals into localized objectives.
FROM DEVELOPMENT OF THE AGENDAS TO THEIR IMPLEMENTATION
The Global Taskforce of Local and Regional Governments (GTF), created in 2012 during the Sustainable Development Goal negotiation process, brought together major international networks of LRGs, thus strengthening our joint advocacy and coordination in international policy processes.
The GTF also acted as the convening and facilitating mechanism of the World Assembly of Local and Regional Governments, a fundamental moment in the definition and approval of the New Urban Agenda, which is closely interlinked with the achievement of the SDGs. Now, the Global Taskforce is building on this legacy and the leadership of the Local Authorities Major Group while entering a new stage, shifting its strategy towards the implementation, localization, monitoring and reporting of these global agendas.
As reflected in the UN global consultation, launched by the UN Development Group in 2014, and co-led by UNDP, UN Habitat and the GTF, the “localization” of the global agendas is a powerful driver of sustainable inclusive territories that can unite efforts and improve efficiency and delivery of the SDGs at national and global levels.
LOCALIZING THE 2030 AGENDA – SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
Localizing the SDGs relates both to (i) how LRGs can support the achievement of the 2030 Agenda through bottom-up action and (ii) to how the SDGs can provide a framework for local development policy. Providing local and regional governments with an enabling environment and resources to participate in the “localization” of the SDGs is a strategic priority to ensure the success of national efforts and the whole global agenda.
As a contribution to this process, the networks of the Global Taskforce are putting in motion the following actions:
Development of tools to allow LRGs to support follow-up at the national level and encourage localization and alignment of SDGs and local plans;
Develop a global reporting mechanism to promote the involvement of LRGs in National Voluntary Reviews and build specifically upon local governments’ experience of implementation and localization to contribute to the HLPF;
Awareness raising to involve local communities and citizens in the implementation of the SDGs at local levels;
Mobilization of financial resources.
TOOLS/TRAINING/ALIGNMENT OF SDGS WITH LOCAL DEVELOPMENT PLANS:
Training modules for local and regional governments
As part of their learning initiatives, local and regional government networks are developing, in partnership with UNDP and UN-Habitat, training modules on the localization of the SDGs. Several events are planned in the coming months to involve LRGs in all regions.
Toolbox on “Localizing the SDGs”
A Toolbox on “Localizing the SDGs” has been launched in partnership with UNDP and UN-Habitat. This is a webpage to share information, experiences and tools to support the involvement of LRGs and local partners: http://localizingthesdgs.org/, including a “Roadmap for Localizing the SDGs.” UCLG has released publications explaining the links between SDGs and the everyday work of local and regional governments.
Peer-review and exchange
A simultaneous global agenda, coordinated by networks and associations of LRGs, can ensure a shared process for implementation, in which LRGs share experiences and learn from one other to help translate global goals into local actions (local plans, regional development strategies, sustainable programs). Nrg4SD organizes opportunities for subnational governments to exchange practices and results on subnational actions for the SDGs, in order to maximize efficiency.
Multi-stakeholder partnerships and awareness-raising initiatives
Many cities and local government networks are promoting public campaigns, education actions at schools and social initiatives to inform and involve citizens (young people, business, civil society, academia, etc) in different regions. With the support of the EC, LRGs and civil society organizations have adopted a Joint Position paper on a Multi-stakeholder Approach for the implementation of the SDGs. In this regard, the UN should engage with these actors in the organization of capacity-building activities and workshops.
Indicators:
Indicators are a critical dimension of the SDG reporting process. However, many of the indicators defined by the UN for the 17 SDGs are still being discussed. The situation is particularly critical for SDG 11 on sustainable cities and human settlements: out of 15 indicators, only one has been completely approved (Tiers I). Seven indicators are still under discussion (Tiers III). We therefore request stronger involvement of local and regional governments in the process of defining indicators and call on national governments and UN Agencies to involve sub-national governments in the discussion around monitoring and reporting of SDG 11.
REPORTING: PARTICIPATION IN THE HLPF FOLLOW-UP AND REVIEW PROCESS
An effective follow-up and review (F&R) framework should promote the seamless integration of LRGs in the monitoring process at all levels. The international community has initiated a mechanism of monitoring and reporting that refers directly to national governments. LRGs should take part in this global conversation with an original approach: building on an assessment of the process, its quality, features and effects, underscoring the direct impact of sub-national government initiatives and decisions in the SDG implementation, strengthening multi-stakeholder collaboration.
The first process should consist of an analysis of the impact of implementation on national political processes, emphasizing the link between national policies, sub-national governance and the challenges of policy localization. The second part should be more thematic and topic-based, following the HLPF’s thematic review clusters mentioned above, SDG 11 being a natural candidate as a lynchpin around which an initial analysis could revolve.
Local and regional government networks at national level are currently being mobilized to get involved in the Voluntary National Reporting Processes. Surveys are being carried out at regional and global level to access methodologies and levels of involvement. Furthermore, UCLG and the Global Taskforce networks are developing a global reporting mechanism that will allow implementation to be monitored from a local government perspective, in line with the evaluation cycles defined by the HLPF, which include: periodical reports from national government (VNR) and a thematic review of the SDGs clustered in three cycles (eradicating poverty and promoting prosperity in 2017, transformation towards sustainable and resilient societies – including SDG 11– in 2018 and empowering people and ensuring inclusiveness and equality in 2019).
Local and regional governments from many of the 44 countries presenting VNR in 2017 have been called to participate as soon as possible in the reporting process, which will be essential to locate themselves in the national conversations and be ready to contribute to national reviews.
We call on national governments to make efforts to mobilize all stakeholders towards a consensus on the definition of national priorities, strategies and the institutional framework for the 2030 Agenda. Some countries are creating special multi-stakeholder institutional mechanisms or fora that include LRGs and civil society to maximize participation and ensure inputs that reflect the diversity existing within countries. These experiences should be promoted to facilitate close consultation and coordination with local and regional governments.
Further to the contribution of the constituency to the national reviews, a first Local and Regional Report will be presented to the next HLPF in New York in July 2017.
MOBILIZATION OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES
The mobilization of financial resources, including tax collection and allocation and access to borrowing and investments, at the subnational level is mentioned in the AAAA, but this needs more attention in the Finance for Development forum (FfD). To ensure Means of Implementation for the 2030 Agenda, FfD Forum should also promote exchange of practices on the best modalities to mobilise domestic resources (including local taxes) and ensure a better allocation of resources between national, local and regional governments to contribute to the implementation of the SDGs.
In line with the Addis Ababa Action Agenda (particularly paragraph 34), local authorities should be recognized as specific partner –at the same level as CSOs and private sector- and should be included in the follow-up of FfD. Local governments’ role in investments in basic services, resilient urban and territorial infrastructures are crucial for the achievement of the SDGs. In high income countries, subnational governments are responsible for 50% of public investments, while in low income countries their contribution are limited to 7%. They play a particularly important role in emerging economies, where decentralization processes are more advanced. In this regard, FfD voluntary presentations, in alignment with VNRs, should include and disclose data on subnational financing.
Some concrete examples of Local and Regional Governments’ role in the implementation of the reviewed goals in HLPF 2017
All of the SDGs have targets that are directly or indirectly related to the daily work of local and regional governments. LRGs should not be seen as mere implementers of the agenda. LRGs are policy makers, catalysts of change and the level of government best-placed to link the global goals with local communities and territorial realities.
Goal 1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere
SDG 1 takes a multi-dimensional view of poverty and therefore requires multiple, coordinated responses. LRGs are in the ideal position to identify people living in poverty on the ground, and to target resources and services to help them improve conditions.
LRGs’ responsibilities for local basic services, such as water and sanitation, as well as land management and regulations in many countries, make them key partners in the achievement of SDG1. LRGs can also play a role by developing local economic development strategies to create jobs and raise incomes, and by building the resilience of our communities to crisis and disasters.
Goal 2. End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture
LRGs’ management of natural resources, territorial planning and basic infrastructures in rural areas, particularly land and water, underpins food security. LRGs can foster sustainable agriculture and local economic growth by improving transport infrastructure, access to mechanisation and new technologies, strengthening local markets, local food chains and urban-rural linkages. The achievement of these goals rests on the involvement of citizens in responsible and sustainable food production and consumption practices, as well as the support of public authorities and the implementation of relevant national and international regulations.
In urban areas, local governments must ensure that people are able to purchase and cook safe, affordable, nutritious food, facilitate access to school canteens or gardens to ensure child feeding. Urban/regional planning can play a major role in waste reduction and food security by facilitating effective food-related transport and storage, access to clean water and sanitation. They can also promote urban agriculture on both public and private land. Rural local governments can manage collective resources and regulate land tenure in ways that protect the rights of the poorer groups, including secondary right holders.
Strengthening territorialized agri-food systems and establishing a better balance between the ‟globalizedˮ and ‟territorializedˮ components of food systems are a priority. The food system can be a driving force in territorial development, also contributing to food security, the preservation of natural resources, the improvement of the environment, the creation of jobs in relevant sectors (catering, ecotourism, craft work, services), the promotion of cultural heritage (especially with regard to gastronomy) and the protection of food and agricultural diversity .
Goal 3. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages
Many LRGs have direct competences in the provision of basic health care and assistance, including through the management of primary health centres, hospitals and subnational public health systems. Local governments in urban areas must be particularly vigilant as urban rates of child mortality areas are stagnating in many countries. Local governments can address this by slum improvement programmes and by increasing access to quality basic services for the most vulnerable.
HIV/AIDs are increasingly being understood as a local governance issue. Urban areas are often the nexus for the spread of HIV/AIDS because of their high population density, transport hubs, and prevalence of vulnerable groups. LRGs can play an important role in identifying local needs, mainstreaming HIV/AIDS activities across departments, and coordinating prevention and response activities. Many LRGs provide education and information services and campaign to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS.
LRGs can use urban and territorial planning and public transport to reduce air pollution, foster healthy lifestyles and prevent deaths from road traffic accidents. LRGs can contribute to the reduction of deaths caused by water and soil pollution through effective natural resource management and environmental protection. The provision of clean water and sanitation is essential to lowering infant, child and maternal mortality
Goal 5. Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls
LRGs can act as a model for gender equality and the empowerment of women through non-discriminatory service provision to citizens and fair employment practices. LRGs are on the frontline of identifying and tackling violence and harmful practices against women. Urban planning (particularly the creation and maintenance of public spaces) and local policing are both essential tools in tackling these issues. LRGs also have a role to play in providing services to women affected by violence. Regional governments and rural municipalities can identify and tackle barriers to women’s equal access to land control and ownership. Getting more women into elected office at all levels is a top priority in terms of empowering women, both as a goal in its own right, and because local politics is often the first step to regional and national office. Female leaders in local government can challenge gender stereotypes and set an example to young girls. LRGs can mainstream gender equality across all areas of their work in order to tackle the multiple barriers to women’s empowerment.
Goal 9. Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation
Regional and local governments are particularly important in developing and maintaining infrastructure to serve urban areas and to link them up with their surrounding territories. LRGs can include the promotion of small-scale industry and start-ups in their local economic development strategies, taking into account local resources, needs and markets. Besides, territorial planning and zoning is fundamental to define the most adequate areas for expansion and industrialization, promoting local clusters and business collaborative strategies. As a result, LRGs are also responsible for the licensing and authorization of industrial and commercial activities, as they establish regulatory frameworks to authorize the operation of the sector and promote business friendly environment. LRGs can identify gaps in access to ICT and the internet in communities and take steps to bridge them, particularly through provision of public services and spaces such as libraries.
Goal 14. Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development
Almost 80 per cent of the pollution in the oceans comes from land-based activities, both in coastal areas and further inland. Half of the world’s population lives less than 60km from the sea and 75% of large cities are located on the coast. Many coastal cities discharge sewage, industrial effluent and other wastewater directly into their surrounding seas.
However, protecting oceans and coasts is not just the responsibility of coastal cities. Worldwide, two-thirds of the sewage from urban areas is discharged untreated into lakes, rivers and coastal waters. Urban sanitation and solid waste management are essential to reducing coastal zone pollution, as is collaboration between municipalities and at regional level. LRGs are critical to promote integrated coastal management plans to protect the natural resources of coastal areas while promoting their efficient use. Coastal cities must develop and implement planning and building regulations to prevent construction in unsuitable areas of the coast.
Finally, with regard the Goal 17, the strengthening of local taxes and local financing systems are critical to strengthen domestic resources mobilisation. At the same, local governments need that more direct attention from international partners and funding to local investments in resilient basic infrastructures, particularly in LDCs.
The local and regional government constituency is committed to contribute to a new global partnership with international institutions, national governments, civil society, and the private sector. We will continue to use global platforms to highlight the potential of local action to drive development and to call for appropriate legal and financial frameworks to support all local and regional governments in playing our part in the achievement of this ambitious, integrated and universal agenda.

Siti Marzuka (Goals 7: Affordable and clean energy)

2021-07-09 08:13:21 UTC

a) In the past few years, there has been a significant amount of expansion in access to power, the usage of renewable energy in electricity spiking up and energy efficiency being improved. But despite this, the world has yet to fully obtain affordable and sustainable energy for everyone. It should be noted that clean and sustainable energy should be a priority to fight against climate change.
In 2019, 66% of the world's population has access to clean cooking technologies and fuels. Between 2010 and 2019, the most populous low- and middle-income nations, Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, and Pakistan, accounted for the majority of the increase in access to clean fuels and technology.Usage of polluting fuels and technologies expose people to high amount of indoor air pollution. This leads to major consequences for their cardiovascular and pulmonary systems, thus increasing the vulnerability towards diseases like COVID-19.
Goals:
- ensure universal access to affordable, reliable and modern energy services by 2030
-increase the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix by 2030
-double the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency by 2030
- improve international collaboration to make clean energy research and technology more accessible, such as renewable energy, energy efficiency, and advanced and cleaner fossil-fuel technology, and encourage investment in energy infrastructure and clean energy technology by 2030
- In accordance with their respective support programmes, increase infrastructure and update technology to provide modern and sustainable energy services to all in developing nations, particularly least developed countries, small island developing states, and landlocked developing countries by 2030
b) Agenda 21 Selangor
Selangor consists of 9 districts and has highest rate of population in Malaysia. Selangor is also the most developed state in Malaysia considering they had grown in almost every aspect of development. Selangor has major contribution to the growth of country development thus considered as the powerhouse of economy. Selangor also is the first state who developed an approach of sustainability by incorporating comprehensive strategies of sustainability to all. Selangor has implemented Agenda 21 Selangor in an effort to develop the LA21 plans. Their dedication dates back to June 1999, and they are working on blueprints for sustainable development as part of a three-year initiative called "Environmentally Sensitive Areas of Selangor, Agenda 21 Selangor, and Guidelines for Agenda 21 Selangor Implementation."a) In the past few years, there has been a significant amount of expansion in access to power, the usage of renewable energy in electricity spiking up and energy efficiency being improved. But despite this, the world has yet to fully obtain affordable and sustainable energy for everyone. It should be noted that clean and sustainable energy should be a priority to fight against climate change.
In 2019, 66% of the world's population has access to clean cooking technologies and fuels. Between 2010 and 2019, the most populous low- and middle-income nations, Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, and Pakistan, accounted for the majority of the increase in access to clean fuels and technology.Usage of polluting fuels and technologies expose people to high amount of indoor air pollution. This leads to major consequences for their cardiovascular and pulmonary systems, thus increasing the vulnerability towards diseases like COVID-19.
Goals:
- ensure universal access to affordable, reliable and modern energy services by 2030
-increase the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix by 2030
-double the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency by 2030
- improve international collaboration to make clean energy research and technology more accessible, such as renewable energy, energy efficiency, and advanced and cleaner fossil-fuel technology, and encourage investment in energy infrastructure and clean energy technology by 2030
- In accordance with their respective support programmes, increase infrastructure and update technology to provide modern and sustainable energy services to all in developing nations, particularly least developed countries, small island developing states, and landlocked developing countries by 2030
b) Agenda 21 Selangor
Selangor consists of 9 districts and has highest rate of population in Malaysia. Selangor is also the most developed state in Malaysia considering they had grown in almost every aspect of development. Selangor has major contribution to the growth of country development thus considered as the powerhouse of economy. Selangor also is the first state who developed an approach of sustainability by incorporating comprehensive strategies of sustainability to all. Selangor has implemented Agenda 21 Selangor in an effort to develop the LA21 plans. Their dedication dates back to June 1999, and they are working on blueprints for sustainable development as part of a three-year initiative called "Environmentally Sensitive Areas of Selangor, Agenda 21 Selangor, and Guidelines for Agenda 21 Selangor Implementation."

KIMBERLY ANG

m3915107 — 2021-07-09 08:50:42 UTC

Use these ten targets to create action to conserve and sustainably use the oceans.

TARGET 14.1
- REDUCE MARINE POLLUTION

By 2025, prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution of all kinds, in particular from land-based activities, including marine debris and nutrient pollution.

TARGET 14.2
- PROTECT AND RESTORE ECOSYSTEMS

By 2020, sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems to avoid significant adverse impacts, including by strengthening their resilience, and take action for their restoration in order to achieve healthy and productive oceans.

TARGET 14.3
- REDUCE OCEAN ACIDIFICATION

Minimize and address the impacts of ocean acidification, including through enhanced scientific cooperation at all levels.

TARGET 14.4
- SUSTAINABLE FISHING

By 2020, effectively regulate harvesting and end overfishing, illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and destructive fishing practices and implement science-based management plans, in order to restore fish stocks in the shortest time feasible, at least to levels that can produce maximum sustainable yield as determined by their biological characteristics.

TARGET 14.5
- CONSERVE COASTAL AND MARINE AREAS

By 2020, conserve at least 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas, consistent with national and international law and based on the best available scientific information.

TARGET 14.6
- END SUBSIDIES CONTRIBUTING TO OVERFISHING

By 2020, prohibit certain forms of fisheries subsidies which contribute to overcapacity and overfishing, eliminate subsidies that contribute to illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and refrain from introducing new such subsidies, recognizing that appropriate and effective special and differential treatment for developing and least developed countries should be an integral part of the World Trade Organization fisheries subsidies negotiation.

TARGET 14.7
- INCREASE THE ECONOMIC BENEFITS FROM SUSTAINABLE USE OF MARINE RESOURCES

By 2030, increase the economic benefits to small island developing States and least developed countries from the sustainable use of marine resources, including through sustainable management of fisheries, aquaculture and tourism.

TARGET 14.A
- INCREASE SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE, RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY FOR OCEAN HEALTH

Increase scientific knowledge, develop research capacity and transfer marine technology, taking into account the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission Criteria and Guidelines on the Transfer of Marine Technology, in order to improve ocean health and to enhance the contribution of marine biodiversity to the development of developing countries, in particular small island developing States and least developed countries.

TARGET 14.B
- SUPPORT SMALL SCALE FISHERS

Provide access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets.

TARGET 14.C
- IMPLEMENT AND ENFORCE INTERNATIONAL SEA LAW

Enhance the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their resources by implementing international law as reflected in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, which provides the legal framework for the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their resources, as recalled in paragraph 158 of “The future we want”.

Petaling jaya city council agenda 21 action

2021-07-09 08:52:43 UTC

Low Haw Len
a)i) zero hunger
The food and agriculture sector offers key solutions for development, and is central for hunger and poverty eradication.
ii) good health
Ensuring healthy lives at all ages is essential to sustainable development.
iii) quality education
Obtaining a quality education is the foundation to improving people’s lives and sustainable development.
iv) gender equality
Gender equality is not only a fundamental human right, but a necessary foundation for a peaceful, prosperous and sustainable world.

b) Iskandar Malaysia Johor Agenda 21

Wong Suet Yoke

2021-07-09 09:00:23 UTC

GOAL 4: QUALITY EDUCATION

4.1 By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys complete free, equitable and quality primary and secondary education leading to relevant and Goal-4 effective learning outcomes

4.2 By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys have access to quality early childhood development, care and preprimary education so that they are ready for primary education

4.3 By 2030, ensure equal access for all women and men to affordable and quality technical, vocational and tertiary education, including university

4.4 By 2030, substantially increase the number of youth and adults who have relevant skills, including technical and vocational skills, for employment, decent jobs and entrepreneurship

4.5 By 2030, eliminate gender disparities in education and ensure equal access to all levels of education and vocational training for the vulnerable, including persons with disabilities, indigenous peoples and children in vulnerable situations

4.6 By 2030, ensure that all youth and a substantial proportion of adults, both men and women, achieve literacy and numeracy

4.7 By 2030, ensure that all learners acquire the knowledge and skills needed to promote sustainable development, including, among others, through education for sustainable development and sustainable lifestyles, human rights, gender equality, promotion of a culture of peace and non-violence, global citizenship and appreciation of cultural diversity and of culture’s contribution to sustainable development

Iskandar Malaysia Johor Agenda 21

Leong Yong Qi

2021-07-09 10:05:45 UTC

Goal 13: Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts

13.1 Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and natural disasters in all countries

13.2 Integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies and planning

13.3 Improve education, awareness-raising and human and institutional capacity on climate change mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction and early warning

13.A Implement the commitment undertaken by developed-country parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change to a goal of mobilizing jointly $100 billion annually by 2020 from all sources to address the needs of developing countries in the context of meaningful mitigation actions and transparency on implementation and fully operationalize the Green Climate Fund through its capitalization as soon as possible

13.B Promote mechanisms for raising capacity for effective climate change-related planning and management in least developed countries and small island developing States, including focusing on women, youth and local and marginalized communities

Goal 11: Sustainable cities and communities More than half of us live in cities. By 2050, two-thirds of all humanity—6.5 billion people—will be urban. Sustainable development cannot be achieved without significantly transforming the way we build and manage our urban spaces.The rapid growth of cities—a result of rising populations and increasing migration—has led to a boom in mega-cities, especially in the developing world, and slums are becoming a more significant feature of urban life.Making cities sustainable means creating career and business opportunities, safe and affordable housing, and building resilient societies and economies. It involves investment in public transport, creating green public spaces, and improving urban planning and management in participatory and inclusive ways.

m3839540 — 2021-07-09 12:07:57 UTC

2021-07-09 12:32:09 UTC

Lee Xiao Pei
Goal 6: Ensure access to water and sanitation for all

6.1 By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all

6.2 By 2030, achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all and end open defecation, paying special attention to the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situations

6.3 By 2030, improve water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping and minimizing release of hazardous chemicals and materials, halving the proportion of untreated wastewater and substantially increasing recycling and safe reuse globally

6.4 By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity

6.5 By 2030, implement integrated water resources management at all levels, including through transboundary cooperation as appropriate

6.6 By 2020, protect and restore water-related ecosystems, including mountains, forests, wetlands, rivers, aquifers and lakes

Elvin Ng Eng Kit

2021-07-10 07:37:15 UTC

__________________________________

Sustainable Development Goals

A quick introduction to what is SDG about.

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) or Global Goals are a collection of 17 interlinked global goals designed to be a "blueprint to achieve a better and more sustainable future for all".
The SDGs were set up in 2015 by the United Nations General Assembly and are intended to be achieved by the year 2030.
To facilitate monitoring, a variety of tools exist to track and visualize progress towards the goals. All intention is to make data more available and easily understood.

___________________________________

🎯Goals

The 17 SDGs are as follow:

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Goals I;
No Poverty

According to the most recent estimates, in 2015, 10 percent of the world’s population or 734 million people lived on less than $1.90 a day.

More than 700 million people, or 10 per cent of the world population, still live in extreme poverty today, struggling to fulfil the most basic needs like health, education, and access to water and sanitation, to name a few.

For those who work, having a job does not guarantee a decent living. In fact, 8 percent of employed workers and their families worldwide lived in extreme poverty in 2018.

One out of five children lives in extreme poverty, and the negative effects of poverty and deprivation in the early years have ramifications that can last a lifetime.

💰

What are the goals 1 target to end poverty?

1.1 By 2030, eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere, currently measured as people living on less than $1.25 a day

1.2 By 2030, reduce at least by half the proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national definitions

1.3 Implement nationally appropriate social protection systems and measures for all, including floors, and by 2030 achieve substantial coverage of the poor and the vulnerable

1.4 By 2030, ensure that all men and women, in particular the poor and the vulnerable, have equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to basic services, ownership and control over land and other forms of property, inheritance, natural resources, appropriate new technology and financial services, including microfinance

1.5 By 2030, build the resilience of the poor and those in vulnerable situations and reduce their exposure and vulnerability to climate-related extreme events and other economic, social and environmental shocks and disasters

1.A Ensure significant mobilization of resources from a variety of sources, including through enhanced development cooperation, in order to provide adequate and predictable means for developing countries, in particular least developed countries, to implement programmes and policies to end poverty in all its dimensions

1.B Create sound policy frameworks at the national, regional and international levels, based on pro-poor and gender-sensitive development strategies, to support accelerated investment in poverty eradication actions

Further relevant information can be found here:

Why it matters: No Poverty
- Discuss the importance of ending poverty.
- Has good reasons, able to convince readers to care and help support the cause.
- Provide information on how to take action.

Infographic: No Poverty
- Poster about the effect of covid 19 on poverty.
- Show why we must unite and take action to prevent the reversion of poverty declining.

___________________________________

Goals VII;
Affordable and clean energy

13 percent of the global population still lacks access to modern electricity.

3 billion people rely on wood, coal, charcoal or animal waste for cooking and heating

Energy is the dominant contributor to climate change, accounting for around 60 per cent of total global greenhouse gas emissions.

Indoor air pollution from using combustible fuels for household energy caused 4.3 million deaths in 2012, with women and girls accounting for 6 out of every 10 of these.

In 2016, the share of renewables increased at the fastest rate since 2012, up 0.24 percentage points, and reached almost 17.5per cent owing to rapid growth in hydropower, wind, and solar.

⚡

What are the goals 7 target to achieve sustainable energy?

7.1 By 2030, ensure universal access to affordable, reliable and modern energy services

7.2 By 2030, increase substantially the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix

7.3 By 2030, double the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency

7.A By 2030, enhance international cooperation to facilitate access to clean energy research and technology, including renewable energy, energy efficiency and advanced and cleaner fossil-fuel technology, and promote investment in energy infrastructure and clean energy technology

7.B By 2030, expand infrastructure and upgrade technology for supplying modern and sustainable energy services for all in developing countries, in particular least developed countries, small island developing States, and land-locked developing countries, in accordance with their respective programmes of support

Further relevant information can be found here:

Why it matters: Affordable and Clean Energy
- Discuss the importance of affordable, clean, and reliable electricity.
- Gives reasons to take action.
- Provide information on how to fix the issues.

Infographic: Affordable and Clean Energy
- Poster about the importance of sustainable and reliable electricity.
- Why electricity should be affordable.
- Encourage readers to invest more in renewable energy.

___________________________________

Goals VII;
Affordable and clean energy

From 1880 to 2012, average global temperature increased by 0.85°C.

For each 1 degree of temperature increase, grain yields decline by about 5 percent.

Oceans have warmed, the amounts of snow and ice have diminished and sea level has risen.

From 1901 to 2010, the global average sea level rose by 19 cm as oceans expanded due to warming and ice melted. The Arctic’s sea ice extent has shrunk in every successive decade since 1979, with 1.07 million km² of ice loss every decade

Given current concentrations and on-going emissions of greenhouse gases, it is likely that by the end of this century, the increase in global temperature will exceed 1.5°C compared to 1850 to 1900 for all but one scenario.

Average sea level rise is predicted as 24 – 30cm by 2065 and 40-63cm by 2100.

Most aspects of climate change will persist for many centuries even if emissions are stopped

Global emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) have increased by almost 50 per cent since 1990

Emissions grew more quickly between 2000 and 2010 than in each of the three previous decades

🌎

What are the goals 13 target to
combat climate change and its impacts?

13.1 Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and natural disasters in all countries

13.2 Integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies and planning

13.3 Improve education, awareness-raising and human and institutional capacity on climate change mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction and early warning

13.A Implement the commitment undertaken by developed-country parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change to a goal of mobilizing jointly $100 billion annually by 2020 from all sources to address the needs of developing countries in the context of meaningful mitigation actions and transparency on implementation and fully operationalize the Green Climate Fund through its capitalization as soon as possible

13.B Promote mechanisms for raising capacity for effective climate change-related planning and management in least developed countries and small island developing States, including focusing on women, youth and local and marginalized communities

Further relevant information can be found here:

Why it matters: Climate Action
- Discuss the effect of climate change.
- Convince the reader to take action.
- Gives reasons on why we should invest in tackling climate change.
- What action can be taken is also mention by viewing the link provided.

Infographic: Climate Action
- Poster shows the grueling reality of climate change.
- Raise awareness about the importance of taking action to reverse climate change.
- Present effects of climate change.
- Investment in fossil fuels is higher than climate activities.
- Only 85 Governments have a disaster risk reduction strategies.

___________________________________

_Overall,_{I've learned more about the world that we live in. The reality is looking grim but the one who strives to take action gives hope to me as well educating me on the importance of unity as a species. It should be obvious, more than ever that humanity has to come as one before it's too late.}

_{P.S Sorry for the late submit and pls don't judge to harshly.}

Elvin Ng Eng Kit

2021-07-10 09:18:45 UTC

Selangor Agenda 21

(LA21)

📜HISTORY

_{In June 1992, a total of 178 Heads of State (including Malaysia) attended the World Summit of Nations in Rio De Janerio, Brazil to provide a world action plan for sustainable development. This work was known as Agenda 21 - an agenda to achieve sustainable development in the centuries 21.}

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👨‍🏫

INTRODUCTION

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📖 Definition

_{The State Sustainable Development Action Plan Implementation Strategy by the State Government, Local Authority, Agencies/State and Federal Department in Selangor.}

🥅 Objective

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_{To develop a knowledgeable community}
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_{To preserve a healthy ecosystem}
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_{To develop a base economy}
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_{To ensure that state natural resources are utilized intelligently}

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_{To guarantee comfortable settlement}
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_{To provide for sufficient infrastructure}

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_{To develop human resources}
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_{To encourage involvement of the public community in planning and management}

_{To develop sustainable development principles.}

➕ Benefits

_{Handle economic, social and environmental needs together.}

_{Formulating a sustainable future vision based on consensus.}

_{Your opinions are taken into account in the planning and implementation of programs to improve your quality of life.}

_{A more comfortable environment and a higher quality of life.}

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`🌟`

`EFFORTS`

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Environment
_{Development that takes into account the human activity of the environment and health.}

Governance
_{The management system at all levels must instill the principles and strategy of sustainable development in various process of policy formulation, planning, decision-making and the preparation of laws including regulations to execute development activity.}

Human Resource Development_{To create Human Resources that are  knowledgeable , versatile , and competent in developing advance technology and Information Technology;  and appreciate the philosophy of Sustainable Development .}

Public Participation and Responsibility
_{To Strengthen Role, Responsibility and Participation of Various Community Groups in the Policy-making Process,  Planning, Decision-Making, Implementation and Development Monitoring, in Ensuring  All Interested Parties’  Commitment Be Maintained.}

Sustainable Industry and Trade
_{Economic Growth and Enhancement of Community Life Quality based on Efficient Industrial and Trade Growth, Environment Friendly, and at par with the Limited Local Natural Resources Stock.}

Sustainable Municipality
_{Municipality Based on Settlement, Trade and Communication Needs By The Creation of Comfortable Environment, Harmonious Community, Cultured and Having Identity. Focusing on Town Ecosystem that is Healthy and Community-Friendly.}

Sustainable Rural Development_{Country Development Based on Efficient Agricultural System, High Technology and Environment Friendly to Increase Productivity and Guarantee Safety of Local Foods.}

Sustainable Infrastructure_{To increase Community and Environment Endurance Capability to Support Economic Growth, Community and Ecology Development.}

Future
_{Any decision is not damaging or affecting the next generation's interests.}

"Together to form a harmonious, friendly and caring municipal environment" ✊

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_{P.S Sorry for the late submit again.}

BIOLOGY 5 USAHA by RAFIDAH BINTI ABDUL HAMID Moe

(A) Goal 15 ~ LIFE ON LAND

a) Goal 13 - Climate action

Chong Hui En

Lim Jing Yi

Lee Yuan

Lim Xiao Qi

YikChuen

michelle

a) Goal 13-Climate Action

Goal 14: Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources

a) Goal 14 – Life Below Water

Goal 10: Reduce inequality within and among countries

(a) Goal 6 - Clean Water and Sanitation

Yee Soo Ee

Audrey

Fong Wen Sheng

Siti Marzuka (Goals 7: Affordable and clean energy)

KIMBERLY ANG

Wong Suet Yoke

Leong Yong Qi

Goal 13: Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts

Elvin Ng Eng Kit

combat climate change and its impacts?

Elvin Ng Eng Kit

In June 1992, a total of 178 Heads of State (including Malaysia) attended the World Summit of Nations in Rio De Janerio, Brazil to provide a world action plan for sustainable development. This work was known as Agenda 21 - an agenda to achieve sustainable development in the centuries 21.

The State Sustainable Development Action Plan Implementation Strategy by the State Government, Local Authority, Agencies/State and Federal Department in Selangor.

Handle economic, social and environmental needs together.Formulating a sustainable future vision based on consensus.Your opinions are taken into account in the planning and implementation of programs to improve your quality of life.A more comfortable environment and a higher quality of life.

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EFFORTS

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Environment Development that takes into account the human activity of the environment and health.

Governance The management system at all levels must instill the principles and strategy of sustainable development in various process of policy formulation, planning, decision-making and the preparation of laws including regulations to execute development activity.

Human Resource Development To create Human Resources that are knowledgeable , versatile , and competent in developing advance technology and Information Technology; and appreciate the philosophy of Sustainable Development .

Public Participation and Responsibility To Strengthen Role, Responsibility and Participation of Various Community Groups in the Policy-making Process, Planning, Decision-Making, Implementation and Development Monitoring, in Ensuring All Interested Parties’ Commitment Be Maintained.

Sustainable Industry and Trade Economic Growth and Enhancement of Community Life Quality based on Efficient Industrial and Trade Growth, Environment Friendly, and at par with the Limited Local Natural Resources Stock.

Future Any decision is not damaging or affecting the next generation's interests.

"Together to form a harmonious, friendly and caring municipal environment" ✊

P.S Sorry for the late submit again.

_{In June 1992, a total of 178 Heads of State (including Malaysia) attended the World Summit of Nations in Rio De Janerio, Brazil to provide a world action plan for sustainable development. This work was known as Agenda 21 - an agenda to achieve sustainable development in the centuries 21.}

_{The State Sustainable Development Action Plan Implementation Strategy by the State Government, Local Authority, Agencies/State and Federal Department in Selangor.}

`🌟`

`EFFORTS`

`――――――――――――――`

Environment _{Development that takes into account the human activity of the environment and health.}

Governance _{The management system at all levels must instill the principles and strategy of sustainable development in various process of policy formulation, planning, decision-making and the preparation of laws including regulations to execute development activity.}

Human Resource Development_{To create Human Resources that are knowledgeable , versatile , and competent in developing advance technology and Information Technology; and appreciate the philosophy of Sustainable Development .}

Public Participation and Responsibility _{To Strengthen Role, Responsibility and Participation of Various Community Groups in the Policy-making Process, Planning, Decision-Making, Implementation and Development Monitoring, in Ensuring All Interested Parties’ Commitment Be Maintained.}

Sustainable Industry and Trade _{Economic Growth and Enhancement of Community Life Quality based on Efficient Industrial and Trade Growth, Environment Friendly, and at par with the Limited Local Natural Resources Stock.}

Future _{Any decision is not damaging or affecting the next generation's interests.}

_{P.S Sorry for the late submit again.}