Renaissance - an “awakening” of Europe after the Middle Ages which challenged many current ways of thinking.

Mercenaries - soldier who primarily fights for pay

Renaissance Man - person of many talents or crafts

The Renaissance and reformation period was a time of people creating art and improving literature and sculptures. It's also when education was improving and being available to all people not just the upper class.

The renaissance began in Italy mainly because Italy had no central government but it was also a good place for urban trade.

Imperialism - extension of a nation’s power over other lands

Protectorate - political unit depending on another govt for its protection

Segregation - lower class was extremely poor and made up the majority of many regions

They wanted more power the more colonies in counties they have the more power over the people they have.

During this time there was segregation between the classes the upper middle and the upper class was seen as better and more than the lower class which was the poorest class.

The government/rulers were also trying to get as many allies as they can to protect themselves during a war.

Secularism (focus on worldly things) and an emphasis on the individual characterized the Renaissance

Humanism -  an artistic theme focused on human rather than divine or supernatural matters.

This showed a lot of beauty and expanded upon the English language. It was a time of art, literature and it has a huge impact on how people express themselves today.

This era created a lot of amazing artist and famous art pieces we all know and love today.

This created an emphasis on reviving the art and artistic styles from classical Italy (Rome) and Greece (Athens). If you take a look at Rome you see so many art pieces that have been there for hundreds of years because of the significance of the art.

The most famous art pieces is The Mona Lisa and The Last Supper.

Christian humanism is a movement in Northern Europe during the Renaissance that combined individualism with the goal of reforming the Catholic Church

People began focusing on personal need for salvation (state of being saved), and going to Heaven

A major religious revolution in Western Christianity during the 16th century, challenging the authority of the Catholic Church and leading to the establishment of Protestantism.

The reformers rejected the authority of the pope as well as many of the principles and practices of Catholicism of that time.

The essential theory of the Reformation are that the Bible is the sole authority for all matters of faith and conduct and that salvation is by God's grace and by faith in Jesus Christ.

During the renaissance which is an "awakening" of europe during the middle ages. A lot of art, sculptures and literature.

This caused a widespread number of art pieces being made and also being famous during that time and also do this day.

Humanism was also an artistic theme era that focused a lot of its importance on humans rather than divine or supernatural matters

There was also a switch in education like grammar, rhetoric, poetry, philosophy, and history and writing became more common.

Education also switched from just the upper class to all the classes.

A time period when philosophy and reason were used to study the world.

People looked for evidence and proof rather than just accepting tradition and what they were told.

This was, in many ways, a continuation of The Renaissance.

The age of enlightenment was around during the 1500 through the 1700s CE.

It was characterized by a strong emphasis on reason, science, and individual liberty.

He establishes a Commonwealth which is a state ruled by representatives

He executes King Charles

Names himself “Lord Protector” of England

During his ruling england gets put under a military rule.

Henry VIII executed Thomas Cromwell in 1540 for a complex mix of reasons, primarily due to Cromwell's role in Henry's marriage to Anne of Cleves, a marriage Henry ultimately regretted.

Bill of Rights means no decisions made by king without Parliament’s consent, rights granted to more citizens

Act of Settlement - No Catholic could inherit the throne

Act of Union - England and Scotland become Great Britain

Cabinet, prime minister created

It highlights how parliamentary systems, while democratic, can also be used to concentrate power in the hands of a specific party or leader through the legislative process.

the 13 colonies were owned and controlled by GB.

Each governed by representative assemblies.

Land-owning citizens had right to vote.

it was overseen by the Royal Governor. (Appointed by the Crown)

Governor was officially in charge but each colony usually followed the will of the Assembly.

During this time conflicts started to erupt between British and Dutch colonists over the discovery of diamond/gold.

The british won the agreement to share control - the British established South Africa.

Indigenous (native to a region) people had no voting rights.

Many nations looked to Africa as a source of raw materials and as a market for industrial products because of the rich land.

Even though the people native to africa they could not do much of anything that they used to be because their land got taken control of by GB.