• Foliage: Leaves are smooth and leathery, about 7 - 12cm long, elliptical or ovate, with a mucronate apex. Young leaves are green with attractive yellow or golden variegation patterns, usually spots or blotches. They are arranged spirally at the growing tip of the stems. As the stem grows, the leaves mature and the yellow variegation fades to cream or white, and the internodes lengthen. Pairs of leaves may appear to be in opposite arrangement, while clusters of 3-4 leaves appear as whorls.
• Flowers: Flowers are white, inconspicuous, about 1.5cm long, borne in a terminal globular cluster on a downward drooping peduncle which is about 8 to 15cm long.

• Growth Form: A robust herbaceous shrub with usually unbranched fleshy stems and large elliptic leaves arching gratefully from the upstraight stems.
• Foliage: Glossy and green with creamy white to yellow lines, spots or patches. Large (up to 45 cm long, elliptic to slightly lanceolate, smooth, entire margins. 

• Growth Form: Herbaceous plant up to 1.2 m tall.
• Foliage: Smooth leaves are narrowly triangular, gradually tapering to a long, soft tip.  They are green to dark green with large, silvery splotches that are arranged in an alternating banded pattern.
• Cultivation :This low maintenance plant is ideal as a houseplant or office plant. It tolerates low light conditions well, but may become leggy over time. It will be more compact and bushy under bright, diffuse light.

• Gowth Form: Large epiphytic fern (up to 3m long by 1.5m across when fully grown), with short and fleshy branched rhizome hidden in basin formed by upper fronds.
• Foliage: Plant produces 2 types of fronds.
• Cultivation: Can be mounted directly on tree branches/trunks, or tied to fern root slabs.

• Type: Broadleaf evergreen
• Family: Lythraceae
• Sun: Full sun
• Water: Medium
• Maintenance: Low
• Suggested Use: Annual
• Flower: Showy

• Plant Morphology : Growth Form: A dwarf bushy shrub with  produces milky sap when injured.
• Foliage: Leaves green, glossy, simple, lanceolate shaped, apex acuminate, base attenuate.
• Flowers: White, 5 petals arranged like pinwheels in counterclockwise direction, has white corolla tube. 

• Herbaceous shrub with erect growth habit
• Young herbaceous stem is red
• Opposite leaves are elliptic with entire or wavy leaf margin (15 cm long). Leaves are mostly green with mixed patches of peach, cream and pink along the midvein.
• Reddish purple or pinkish purple flowers are tubular and located near the stem tips in clusters.

• Plant Growth Form : Shrub
• Mature foliage color: Green
• Flowers color: red, yellow/golden 

• Plant Morphology : Growth Form: Small-sized shrub, compact, able to grow to about 1 - 2 m tall tall.
• Flowers: Yellow fragrant 

• Mussaenda is a tropical scrub or sub-shrub that will grow to 10ft tall in tropical areas, but more likely will reach 1-3ft tall in containers.
• Clusters (corymbs) of small, tubular flowers with five spreading lobes bloom in summer.
• Elliptic to ovate, bright green leaves (to 6” long)
• Hybrids typically feature flowers in red and/or yellow with showy sepals of white, bright red or pink.

• Growth Form: a woody and evergreen vine. It can grow up to 6 m in height.
• Foliage: the leaves are borne in whorls along the stems and are leathery and ablong-lanceolate in shape, grow up to 16cm long and  6 cm wide.
• Stems: Woody and twinning stem. It contains milky sap.
• Flowers: The yellow, funnel-shaped flowers are borne in axillary cymes. The flowers sepals are ovate to narrowly ovate, the flower corolla is yellow and 5-lobed and spreading.

• Growth Form: Short, herbaceous plant with erect growth habit.
• Foliage: Leaves are narrow and linear with distinct purplish veins. The venation is pinnate or feather-like; the veins curve to the tip and run nearly parallel to the leaf edges.
• Flowers: Tubular flowers are light purple and 5-lobed. Petals are approximately round to obovate with irregular edges and a longitudinal groove in the middle.
• Fruits: Light brown fruits are long, cylindrical seed pods with pointed tips.

• It is a succulent subshrub or shrub growing to 1.8 m (5 ft 11 in) tall, with densely spiny stems.
• The leaves are found mainly on new growth and are up to 3.5 cm (1.4 in) long 1.5 cm (0.59 in) broad.
• The flower are small. Subtended by a pair of conspicuous petal-like bracts, variable red, pink or white, up to 12 mm (0.47 in) broad.

• Growth Form: Evergreen woody shrub or small tree, able to grow up to about 4.5 m tall and with a spread of 2 - 3 m wide.
• Foliage: Green leaves, oblong to obovate in shape and sometimes three-lobed,  simple and alternate arrangement, measuring about 10 - 20 cm long.
• Flowers: Separate male and female flowers on the same plant, red in colour and measuring about 2.5 cm across, usually in clusters.
• Fruits: Oval-shaped fruit, measuring about 1 - 2 cm long, green in colour, seeds measuring about 0.9 - 1 cm long.

• Growth Form: Semi-woody shrub, short-lived perennial which is sometimes grown as annual, able to grow up to 0.5 - 0.8 m tall.
• Foliage: Leaves glossy dark green, oval in shape, opposite arrangement, measuring about 2.5 - 3.5 cm long.
• Stems: Bruised or cut stems secrete milky-white sap.
• Flowers: Tubular flowers red to light pink, with 5 flattened petal-like lobes.
• Fruits: Fruits are explosive follicles.

• Light Preference :Full Sun, Semi-Shade
• Water Preference :Moderate Water
• Plant Growth Rate :Moderate
• Maintenance Requirements:Moderate
• Propagation Method :Stem Cutting
• Foliage Retention :Evergreen
• Mature Foliage Colour(s):Green, Yellow / Golden
• Mature Foliage Texture(s):Smooth, Glossy / Shiny, Raised / Sunken Veins, Thick
• Foliar Type :Simple / Unifoliate
• Foliar Arrangement Along Stem :Opposite

• Growth Form: An annual which grows upright with a height of 30 to 150 cm and spreads to about 30 cm across. The leaves and flowers are aromatic when crushed.
• Foliage: Leaves are dark green and pinnate. Crushed leaves produce a mild fragrance. 
• Cultivation :Prefers moist and well-drained soil although can tolerate clay and dry soils. Tolerant to full sun but appreciate slight afternoon shade. Pinch young plants to promote bushier growth. 

• Growth Form: Succulent shrub with a swollen base known as caudex.
• Foliage: Smooth, gloosy green leaves are obovate with entire leaf margin and truncate or rounded lead apex.
• Flowers: Flowers are tubular with 5 oval-shaped lobes that are flared and perpendicular to the floral tube axis.

• Growth Form: Perennial herb forming clumps up to 0.8 m tall.
• Foliage: Large, thin leaves are shaped like arrowheads and come in a variety of patterns and colors.
• Flowers: Calla-like flowers are small and inconspicuous.
• Cultivation :It grows best in acidic soils rich in organic matter.

• Growth Form: Large, erect herb up to 1.5 m tall.
• Foliage: Large, oval-shaped leaves are light green with white to light green midrib. They are held erect by a long petiole (leaf stalk).
• Stems: It has underground, horizontal stems known as rhizomes.
• Flowers: The inflorescence resembles a single, large, star-shaped flower (7.5 cm wide). It is composed of white to pinkish, lance-shaped bracts that look like petals and inconspicuous, small, white flowers. They are borne on a long stalk and held above the foliage.
• Cultivation :This low maintenance plant grows best in consistently moist, but well-drained soils. Full sun will cause the leaves to scorch.

• Growth Form: It is a perennial herbaceous plant about 1-2 m tall, with a clump forming growth habit.
• Foliage: The broadly elliptical leaves (15 cm long, 8 cm wide) are hairless, glossy and spirally arranged along the stems.
• Flowers: The inflorescence is cylindrical with a tapered tip (6-10 cm long) and occurs at the stem tip. The bracts are tightly overlapped, bright red and waxy. The reddish-orange, tubular flowers have a yellow-orange lip near the apex. They emerge at the top of the inflorescence, 1-3 at a time from between the bracts.
• Cultivation :It grows best in rich, moist soil in semi-shade, being susceptible to sunburn under hot afternoon sun. Feed once a month with a balanced fertilizer such as one with a NPK ratio of 15-15-15.

• Plant Type: Evergreen perennial
• Mature Size: 3 to 4 feet tall and 2 to 3 feet wide
• Sun Exposure: Partial shade
• Soil Type: Rich and moist
• Soil pH: Slightly acidic to neutral
• Bloom Time: Late fall or winter
• Flower Color: Purplish-blue

• To have a great bloom, cut the plant intermittently after blooming.
• In mid spring give plenty of water.
• Pruning should be done in late winter, so as to encourage new growth.

• Growth Form: A climbing legume with slender and twinning stems.
• Foliage: Leaves are compound pinnate, alternately arranged along the stem, with 5 - 7 elliptic to ovate leaflets, measuring 2.5 - 5 cm long and 1.5 - 3.5 cm wide. Each leaflet is thinly papery. 
• Flowers: Flowers are large, deep blue, pea-shaped. Flowers are located on leaf axils. 

• Growth Form: Perennial shrub up to 4m tall.
• Foliage: Unlike other members of the cactus family (Family Cactaceae) which lack leaves or have tiny leaves which quickly fall off, this species has large leaves which remain on the plant. Green leaves are elliptic with wavy leaf margin. Leaf surface appears wrinkled with leaf blade bulging between veins.
• Flowers: Orange-red, rose-like flowers are composed of about 10 obovate to oval petals. Bisexual flowers have a compact column of white stamens and styles in the centre.

• Growth Form: Annual herb to 60cm tall
• Foliage: Leaves to 5 (-6)cm long by 3.5 (-4)cm wide, bright purplish-red with a bright yellow median stripe on the mid vein, on some leaves spilling over onto the area next to the parallel to the mid vein and secondary veins.
• Flowers: Inflorescence to 20 cm tall, flowers blusih violet.

• Growth Form: Shrub or miniature tree with wide open crown, fast-growing and evergreen.
• Foliage: Bipinnate and fernlike.
• Stems: Green, turning grayish-brown as the stems become woodier, covered with spines, which swell at the base as the stems mature.
• Flowers: Light yellow, scentless with long stamens and pistil. There is one modified petal which is smaller than the other 4 petals. 

• Description: Mansoa alliacea is an ornamental evergreen vine, 2-2.5m (6 to 8 feet) tall; opposite leaves divided into two ovate leaflets, up to 15cm (6 inch) long. The leaves are bright green.
• Two special features makes this plant pretty unique: First, the tri-colour blooms. Secondly, its specific garlic-like odor when parts of plants are crushed.
• Crushed leaves smell like garlic, although of course the plant is not related to the common edible onion or garlic at all. Usually the odor is noticed when its leaves are crushed or when prune its branches. 

• Growth Form: Shrub with a rounded growth habit, able to grow up to about 1 - 2 m tall.
• Foliage: Dark green leaves, obovate to elliptic, serrated margins, measuring about 10 - 20 cm long. 
• Flowers: Large corymb inflorescence of light blue flowers, consisting of small fertile florets with scattered showy sterile florets often forming a marginal ring.

• Crossandra readily roots from cuttings. For best results, take cuttings early in the spring growing season, use a rooting hormone, and plant the cuttings into seed-starting soil. Provide bottom heat and plenty of humidity until new growth emerges, then move to their permanent location. Young plants grow quickly and will likely need to be repotted within the first month before they begin to bloom.

• Thunbergia grandiflora is a long-lived , vigorous,climbing plant that can grow up to 15 m in height when supported by a hosttree.
• Younger stems are green, hairy, and square in cross-section.
• The oppositely arranged leaves are borne on hairy stalks 4-12 cm long.

• Growth Form: It is a liana, up to 10 m tall or more.
• Foliage: Its opposite, stalked leaves have somewhat papery leaf blades that are oblong-egg-shaped, and 6-12 by 4-7 cm.
• Flowers: Its bright yellow-petalled flowers are 2-2.5 cm wide, borne on flowering shoots that are 10-30 cm long.

• Growth Form: Perennial herb up to 1 m tall.
•  Foliage: Dark green, smooth leaves are lighter green on the bottom with a toothed leaf margin (5 cm long, 2.5 cm wide).
• Stems: Purplish stems are 4-sided and smooth.
• Flowers: White, 2-lipped flowers are hairy with 5 cm-long, whisker-like stamens (male part producing the pollen). Flowers are arranged in a conical-shaped inflorescence (6-10 cm long).

• The hibiscus is an evergreen shrub, growing to a maximum of 10 m in the wild. Its bark is light-grey, easy to peel and smooth
• Hibiscus leaves are ovate, simple and 8 to 10.5 cm long.
• Flowers are bisexual, large and showy, grow up to 25 cm wide, stalked and arising singly from the upper leaf axils.

• Growth Form: A glabrous herbaceous plant, growing up to 5 m tall. 
• Foliage: Arranged in rosettes, ascending; leaf blades are flattened, pointing upwards, measures 25 - 50 cm by 20 - 35 cm, green in colour, slightly glossy, arrow-shaped, apex acute, base hastate, margin wavy, petiole measuring 60 - 100 cm long.
• Stems: Acaulescent, has a short corm, produces sap and has an elongated caudex as it grows. 
• Flowers: Inflorescences, enfolded by bracts; peduncles are 20 - 45 cm long, spathe white - yellowish green with 15 - 35 cm long, lower part folds into a green tube; spadix 11 - 32 cm long, pistil 3 -4 cm long and 1.5 cm thick.

• Growth Form: Evergreen shrub, able to grow to 1 - 2 m tall.
• Foliage: Leaves lanceolate in shaped, opposite arrangement, wavy margins, measuring about 7 - 10 cm long, light green with patches of cream on the top and maroon underneath.

• Growth Form: A woody vine which can reach a height of 25m, it can also be grown as a sarmentose shrub. 
• Foliage: The leaves are simple and glabrous. 
• Stems: The branches are dark coloured, glabrous and lenticillate. 
• Flowers: The flowers are borne on terminal cymes. The bisexual flowers have 5-lobed light pink petals and are fragrant. 
• Fruits: The fruits are divergent follicles, connate at the base.

• Growth Form: Multi-branched shrub, up to 1.2 m tall.
• Foliage: Leaves rough-hairy with coarsely-serrated margin, emit a pungent scent when crushed or rubbed -- hence the Malay name 'Bunga Tahi Ayam' (Chicken Dung Flower).
• Stems: Stems square or 3-angled, covered with bristly hairs when young, often armed with scattered hooked prickles when mature.
• Flowers: Flowers multi-coloured, changing colour over time and with pollination, held in showy clusters, attract butterflies.

Monoon longifolium var. pendula

• Plant Division : Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Dicotyledon)
• Plant Growth Form : Tree (Small (6m-15m))
• Lifespan (in Singapore) : Perennial
• Mode of Nutrition : Autotrophic
• Plant Shape : Columnar, Weeping / Pendulous
• Maximum Height : 15 m to 20 m

• Desirable Plant Features : Fragrant (Flowers, Foliage, Stems), Ornamental Foliage
• Plant & Rootzone Preference - Tolerance : Easy to Grow, Dry Soils / Drought
• Landscape Uses : Roadside Tree / Palm, General, Hedge / Screening
• Thematic Landscaping : Formal Garden

• Plant Division : Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Dicotyledon)
• Plant Growth Form : Tree (Small (6m-15m))
• Maximum Height : 8 m
• Maximum Plant Spread / Crown Width : 6 m

• Desirable Plant Features : Ornamental Flowers, Fragrant (Foliage)
• Landscape Uses : Roadside Tree / Palm, General

Samanea saman Jacq.) Merr.

• Plant Division : Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Dicotyledon)
• Plant Growth Form : Tree (Medium,16m-30m)
• Lifespan (in Singapore) : Perennial
• Mode of Nutrition : Autotrophic
• Plant Shape : Umbrella
• Maximum Height : 10 m to 20 m

• Desirable Plant Features : Ornamental Flowers, Ornamental Foliage
• Plant & Rootzone Preference - Tolerance : Fertile Loamy Soils, Well-Drained Soils, Waterlogged Soils (Drains Site), Acidic (low pH) Soils
• Landscape Uses : General, Roadside Tree / Palm
• Thematic Landscaping : Naturalistic Garden

Terminalia molinetii M. Gómez

• Plant Division | Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Dicotyledon)
• Plant Growth Form | Shrub (Woody), Tree (Small (6m-15m), Shrubby (1m-5m)
• Lifespan (in Singapore) | Perennial
• Mode of Nutrition | Autotrophic
• Plant Shape | Umbrella
• Maximum Height | 3 m to 7 m

• Plant & Rootzone Preference - Tolerance | Saline Soils / Salt Spray, Dry Soils / Drought
• Landscape Uses | Container Planting, Coastal, Bonsai, Interiorscape/ Indoor Plant, Beachfront / Shoreline
• Thematic Landscaping | Rockery / Desert Garden, Formal Garden

Pithecellobium dulce

• Plant Division : Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants)
• Plant Growth Form : Tree

• Landscape Uses : Parks & Gardens

• Plant Growth Form:  Tree (Big (>30m)
• Maximum Height: 40 m
• Tree or Palm – Trunk Diameter: 3 to 3m

• Landscape Uses: Roadside Tree 

• Plant Division: Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Dicotyledon)
• Plant Growth Form: Tree (Small (6m-15m))
• Lifespan (in Singapore): Perennial

• Desirable Plant Features: Ornamental Flowers, Fragrant (Flowers)
• Plant & Rootzone Preference – Tolerance: Well-Drained Soils
• Landscape Uses: General, Roadside Tree / Palm, Parks & Gardens, Small Gardens, Skyrise / Balcony, Container Planting
• Thematic Landscaping: Fragrant / Aromatherapy Garden

Ficus benjamina L.

• Plant Division | Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Dicotyledon)
• Plant Growth Form | Shrub, Tree (Medium ,16m-30m)
• Lifespan (in Singapore) | Perennial
• Mode of Nutrition | Autotrophic
• Plant Shape | Rounded
• Maximum Height | 20 m
• Maximum Plant Spread/Crown Width | 18 m to 21 m

• Desirable Plant Features | Ornamental Fruits
• Plant & Rootzone Preference - Tolerance | Fertile Loamy Soils, Well-Drained Soils
• Landscape Uses | Container Planting, Bonsai, Interiorscape/ Indoor Plant, General, Roadside Tree / Palm, Shade Providing Tree / Palm, Hedge / Screening, Topiary
• Thematic Landscaping | Naturalistic Garden

Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) S.F.Blake

• Plant Division | Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Dicotyledon)
• Plant Growth Form | Tree (Big (>30m), Medium (16m-30m)
• Lifespan (in Singapore) | Perennial
• Mode of Nutrition | Autotrophic
• Plant Shape | Tiered, Open
• Maximum Height | 12 m to 35 m
• Maximum Plant Spread / Crown Width | 5 m

• Desirable Plant Features | Ornamental Flowers, Ornamental Foliage
• Plant & Rootzone Preference - Tolerance | Well-Drained Soils
• Landscape Uses | Roadside Tree / Palm, General, Coastal

Murraya paniculata

• Plant Division | Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Dicotyledon)
• Plant Growth Form | Shrub (Woody)
• Lifespan (in Singapore) | Perennial
• Mode of Nutrition | Autotrophic
• Plant Shape | Shrubby
• Maximum Height | 2.5 m to 3.5 m

• Desirable Plant Features | Fragrant (Flowers), Ornamental Flowers
• Plant & Rootzone Preference - Tolerance | Fertile Loamy Soils, Acidic (low pH) Soils, Alkaline high pH Soils
• Landscape Uses | Hedge / Screening, Topiary, Parks & Gardens
• Thematic Landscaping | Formal Garden

Bismarckia nobilis

• Plant Division | Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Monocotyledon)
• Plant Growth Form | Palm (Solitary Palm)
• Mode of Nutrition | Autotrophic
• Maximum Height | 30 m
• Maximum Plant Spread / Crown Width | 8 m

• Landscape Uses | Roadside Tree / Palm

Heliconia × nickeriensis

• Plant Growth Form | Shrub

• Desirable Plant Features | Ornamental Flowers

Asplenium nidus

• Desirable Plant Features | Ornamental Foliage
• Plant & Rootzone Preference - Tolerance | Easy to Grow, Moist Soils
• Landscape Uses | Interiorscape/ Indoor Plant, Parks & Gardens, Small Gardens

Bougainvillea 'Elizabeth Angus'

• Plant Growth Form | Climber, Vine & Liana

• Desirable Plant Features | Ornamental Flowers
• Plant & Rootzone Preference - Tolerance | Moist Soils, Well-Drained Soils, Fertile Loamy Soils, Acidic (low pH) Soils, Rootbound Conditions
• Landscape Uses | Trellis / Arbour / Pergola, Hedge / Screening, Container Planting
• Usage Hazard - Cons | Spines/Thorns - Stem/Branch

Heliconia rostrata

• Plant Division | Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Monocotyledon)
• Plant Growth Form | Shrub (Herbaceous)
• Lifespan (in Singapore) | Perennial
• Mode of Nutrition | Autotrophic

• Desirable Plant Features | Ornamental Flowers, Ornamental Form
• Plant & Rootzone Preference - Tolerance | Moist Soils, Well-Drained Soils
• Landscape Uses | Parks & Gardens

Livistona chinensis

• Plant Growth Form | Palm (Solitary Palm)

• Landscape Uses | Roadside Tree / Palm

Podocarpus macrophyllus

• Plant Division | Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Dicotyledon)
• Plant Growth Form | Tree (Small (6m-15m))
• Lifespan (in Singapore) | Perennial
• Mode of Nutrition | Autotrophic
• Plant Shape | Rounded
• Maximum Height | 6 m to 12 m
• Maximum Plant Spread / Crown Width | 3 m to 6 m

• Plant & Rootzone Preference - Tolerance | Dry Soils / Drought, Well-Drained Soils, Fertile Loamy Soils, Acidic (low pH) Soils
• Landscape Uses | Bonsai, Hedge / Screening

Portulaca grandiflora (polypetalous)

• Desirable Plant Features | Ornamental Flowers
• Plant & Rootzone Preference - Tolerance | Fertile Loamy Soils, Well-Drained Soils, Poor Infertile Soils, Saline Soils / Salt Spray, Easy to Grow, Dry Soils / Drought, Shallow Media (8 -10cm)
• Landscape Uses | Container Planting, General, Coastal, Green Roof, Flowerbed / Border, Hanging Basket, Groundcover
• Thematic Landscaping | Rockery / Desert Garden, Naturalistic Garden, Wildflower Garden

Zamioculcas zamiifolia

• Plant Division | Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Monocotyledon)
• Plant Growth Form | Herbaceous Plant
• Lifespan (in Singapore) | Perennial

• Landscaping | Zamioculcas zamiifolia is a popular indoor plant.
• Desirable Plant Features | Ornamental Foliage, Ornamental Form
• Plant & Rootzone Preference - Tolerance | Easy to Grow, Well-Drained Soils
• Landscape Uses | Interiorscape/ Indoor Plant, Container Planting

Epipremnum aureum (Linden & André) G.S. Bunting

• Desirable Plant Features | Ornamental Foliage
• Plant & Rootzone Preference - Tolerance | Easy to Grow
• Landscape Uses | Hanging Basket, Interiorscape/ Indoor Plant, Phytoremediation (Aerial Contaminant(s)

Cocos nucifera L.

• Plant Division | Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Monocotyledon)
• Plant Growth Form | Palm (Solitary Palm)
• Mode of Nutrition | Autotrophic
• Maximum Height | 30 m
• Maximum Plant Spread / Crown Width | 6 m

Syzygium myrtifolium (Roxb.) Walp.

• Plant Division | Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Dicotyledon)
• Lifespan (in Singapore) | Perennial
• Mode of Nutrition | Autotrophic
• Plant Shape | Shrubby
• Maximum Height | 2 m to 20 m

• Landscaping | It is suitable for planting along streetscapes, parks and gardens as a tree or as a dense hedge. Matured fruits may cause stains when dropped. Having a short distance between tree and pavement will minimise staining. 
• Desirable Plant Features | Ornamental Foliage, Ornamental Fruits, Fragrant (Flowers, Foliage)
• Plant & Rootzone Preference - Tolerance | Fertile Loamy Soils, Well-Drained Soils, Saline Soils / Salt Spray, Waterlogged Soils (Drains Site), Moist Soils
• Landscape Uses | General, Roadside Tree / Palm, Coastal, Riverine, Hedge / Screening, Topiary, Bonsai, Container Planting, Parks & Gardens
• Thematic Landscaping | Naturalistic Garden, Formal Garden

Duranta erecta L.

• Plant Division | Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Dicotyledon)
• Plant Growth Form | Shrub (Woody)
• Lifespan (in Singapore) | Perennial
• Mode of Nutrition | Autotrophic
• Plant Shape | Irregular

• Landscaping | It is suitable for streetscapes and parks for its attractive purple flowers.
• Desirable Plant Features | Ornamental Flowers
• Plant & Rootzone Preference - Tolerance | Moist Soils, Well-Drained Soils, Fertile Loamy Soils
• Landscape Uses | General, Roadside Tree / Palm, Parks & Gardens, Small Gardens, Hedge / Screening, Flowerbed / Border, Container Planting
• Thematic Landscaping | Butterfly Garden

Hymenocallis speciosa

• Plant Division | Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Monocotyledon)
• Plant Growth Form | Herbaceous Plant
• Lifespan (in Singapore) | Perennial

• Desirable Plant Features | Ornamental Flowers, Ornamental Foliage
• Plant & Rootzone Preference - Tolerance | Moist Soils
• Landscape Uses | General, Parks & Gardens, Flowerbed / Border

• Plant Division | Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Monocotyledon)

• Landscape Uses | Parks & Gardens
• Thematic Landscaping | Economic Garden

Piper betle

• Plant Division | Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Dicotyledon)
• Plant Growth Form | Climber, Vine & Liana
• Lifespan (in Singapore) | Perennial
• Mode of Nutrition | Autotrophic
• Maximum Height | 3 m to 4.5 m

• Desirable Plant Features | Ornamental Foliage
• Plant & Rootzone Preference - Tolerance | Moist Soils, Well-Drained Soils
• Landscape Uses | Hanging Basket, Parks & Gardens, Trellis / Arbour / Pergola

Roystonea oleracea

• Plant Division | Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Monocotyledon)
• Plant Growth Form | Palm (Solitary Palm)
• Mode of Nutrition | Autotrophic
• Maximum Height | 40 m

• Landscape Uses | Roadside Tree / Palm

Phenakospermum guyannense (Rich.) Endl. ex Miq.

• Plant Division | Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Monocotyledon)
• Lifespan (in Singapore) | Perennial
• Mode of Nutrition | Autotrophic

• Desirable Plant Features | Ornamental Flowers, Ornamental Form
• Plant & Rootzone Preference - Tolerance | Moist Soils, Well-Drained SoilsLandscape Uses | Parks & Gardens

Etlingera elatior (Red)

• Plant Division | Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Monocotyledon)
• Plant Growth Form | Herbaceous Plant
• Lifespan (in Singapore) | Perennial
• Mode of Nutrition | Autotrophic
• Maximum Height | 3.7 m to 6 m

• Desirable Plant Features | Ornamental Flowers

Pereskia bleo

• Plant Division | Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Dicotyledon)
• Plant Growth Form | Shrub
• Lifespan (in Singapore) | Perennial
• Mode of Nutrition | Autotrophic
• Maximum Height | 4 m

• Desirable Plant Features | Ornamental Flowers
• Plant & Rootzone Preference - Tolerance | Well-Drained Soils
• Landscape Uses | Parks & Gardens, Container Planting
• Usage Hazard - Cons | Spines/Thorns - Stem/Branch

Areca catechu

• Plant Division | Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Monocotyledon)
• Plant Growth Form | Palm (Solitary Palm)
• Mode of Nutrition | Autotrophic
• Maximum Height | 20 m
• Maximum Plant Spread / Crown Width | 3 m

• Landscape Uses | Roadside Tree / Palm

Orthosiphon aristatus

• Plant Division | Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Dicotyledon)
• Plant Growth Form | Shrub
• Lifespan (in Singapore) | Perennial
• Maximum Height | 0.6 m to 1 m

• Desirable Plant Features | Ornamental Flowers

• Plant Division : Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Monocotyledon)
• Plant Growth Form : Shrub (Herbaceous)
• Lifespan (in Singapore) : Perennial
• Mode of Nutrition : Autotrophic

• Desirable Plant Feature : Ornamental Foliage
• Plant & Rootzone Preference – Tolerance :Fertile Loamy Soils, Well-Drained Soils, Poor Infertile Soils, Saline Soils / Salt Spray, Acidic (low pH) Soils, Alkaline high pH Soils, Shallow Media (8 -10cm), Easy to Grow, Dry Soils / Drought
• Landscape Uses : General, Flowerbed / Border, Container Planting, Interiorscape/ Indoor Plant, Green Roof, Coastal
• Thematic Landscaping : Rockery / Desert Garden

Euodia suaveolens Scheff.

• Plant Division | Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Dicotyledon)
• Plant Growth Form | Shrub (Woody)
• Mode of Nutrition | Autotrophic
• Plant Shape | Shrubby

• Desirable Plant Features | Ornamental Foliage, Fragrant (Foliage, Fruits)

• Plant Division :  Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Monocotyledon)
• Plant Growth Form : Palm (Solitary Palm)
  
  

• Plant Growth Form : Shrub

• Desirable Plant Features : Ornamental Foliage
• Plant & Rootzone Preference – Tolerance : Well-Drained Soils
• Landscape Uses : Parks & Gardens, Small Gardens

• Plant Growth Form : Shrub
• Maximum Height : 3 m

• Desirable Plant Features | Ornamental Flowers

Costus woodsonii Maas

• Plant Division | Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Monocotyledon)
• Plant Growth Form | Herbaceous Plant
• Lifespan (in Singapore) | Perennial
• Mode of Nutrition | Autotrophic
• Maximum Height | 1 m to 2 m
• Maximum Plant Spread / Crown Width | 0.6 m to 1 m

• Desirable Plant Features | Ornamental Flowers
• Plant & Rootzone Preference - Tolerance | Moist Soils, Well-Drained Soils, Saline Soils / Salt Spray, Fertile Loamy Soils
• Landscape Uses | General, Parks & Gardens, Small Gardens, Coastal, Flowerbed / Border, Container Planting

• Plant Division | Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Dicotyledon)
• Plant Growth Form | Tree (Big (>30m))
• Lifespan (in Singapore) | Perennial
• Mode of Nutrition | Autotrophic
• Plant Shape | Irregular
• Maximum Height | 30 m to 55 m

• Landscaping | It can be planted along roads or in gardens for shade, its attractive fragrant flowers, and red berries that would attract bats and birds.
• Desirable Plant Features | Ornamental Flowers, Fragrant (Flowers)
• Plant & Rootzone Preference - Tolerance | Moist Soils, Well-Drained Soils, Poor Infertile Soils, Fertile Loamy Soils
• Landscape Uses | Roadside Tree / Palm, General, Parks & Gardens, Riverine, Shade Providing Tree / Palm, Reforestation
• Thematic Landscaping | Fragrant / Aromatherapy Garden, Bird & Wildlife Garden

Tabebuia pallida (Lindl.) Miers

• Plant Division | Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Dicotyledon)
• Plant Growth Form | Tree (Medium (16m-30m)
• Mode of Nutrition | Autotrophic

• Desirable Plant Features | Ornamental Flowers
• Landscape Uses | Roadside Tree / Palm

• Desirable Plant Features : Ornamental Flowers
• Landscape Uses : Roadside Tree / Palm

• Plant Division : Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Dicotyledon)
• Plant Growth Form : Shrub (Creeper)
• Lifespan (in Singapore) : Perennial
• Mode of Nutrition : Autotrophi
• Maximum Height : 0.3 m to 0.6 m

• Landscaping : It has attractive glossy dark green leaves. It makes a good border plant or ground cover for shaded to semi-shaded sites.
• Desirable Plant Features : Ornamental Foliage, Ornamental Fruits, Fragrant (Foliage)
• Plant & Rootzone Preference – Tolerance : Easy to Grow, Fertile Loamy Soils, Well-Drained Soils, Moist Soils
• Landscape Uses : Container Planting, Interiorscape/ Indoor Plant, General, Flowerbed / Border, Roadside Tree / Palm, Parks & Gardens, Small Gardens, Groundcover 

Phyllanthus myrtifolius (Wight) Mull. Arg.

• Landscaping | This species can be grown over a wall to form a dense, attractive hedge. It can also be grown along the edge of freshwater bodies.
• Desirable Plant Features | Ornamental Foliage
• Landscape Uses | Flowerbed / Border, Bonsai

• Plant Division : Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Monocotyledon)
• Plant Growth Form : Palm (Solitary Palm)
• Mode of Nutrition : Autotrophic
• Maximum Height : 15 m
  
  

• Landscape Uses : Roadside Tree / Palm

• Plant Division : Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Monocotyledon)
• Plant Growth Form : Palm (Solitary Palm, Cluster Palm)
• Lifespan (in Singapore) : Perennial
• Mode of Nutrition : Autotrophic
• Maximum Height : 1 m to 3 m

• Lifespan (in Singapore) : Perennial
• Habit : Herbaceous | Rhizomatous
• Leaf type : Evergreen

• Desirable Plant Features : Ornamental Flowers, Ornamental Foliage
• Plant & Rootzone Preference – Tolerance : Moist Soils, Waterlogged Soils (Drains Site), Fertile Loamy Soils
• Landscape Uses : Parks & Gardens, Small Gardens, Container Planting

• Plant Division : Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Monocotyledon)
• Plant Growth Form : Palm (Solitary Palm)
• Lifespan (in Singapore) : Perennial
• Mode of Nutrition : Autotrophic
• Plant Shape : Fountain (Palm-like)
• Maximum Height : 5 m to 15 m
• Maximum Plant Spread / Crown Width : 3.5 m

• Desirable Plant Features : Ornamental Fruits
• Plant & Rootzone Preference – Tolerance : Saline Soils / Salt Spray, Poor Infertile Soils, Alkaline high pH Soils
• Landscape Uses : Roadside Tree / Palm, Container Planting, Interiorscape/ Indoor Plant, Coastal, Beachfront / Shoreline

• Plant Division : Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Monocotyledon)
• Plant Growth Form : Palm (Cluster Palm)
• Mode of Nutrition : Autotrophic
• Maximum Height : 5 m
  
  

• Landscape Uses : Interiorscape/ Indoor Plant

• Plant Division : Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Monocotyledon)
• Plant Growth Form : Shrub (Herbaceous)
• Lifespan (in Singapore) : Perennial
• Mode of Nutrition : Autotrophic
• Plant Shape : Fountain (Palm-like)
• Maximum Height : 1.8 m to 9 m
• Tree or Palm – Trunk Diameter : 3 to 3
  
  

• Desirable Plant Features : Ornamental Foliage
• Plant & Rootzone Preference – Tolerance : Well-Drained Soils
• Landscape Uses : General, Green Roof, Focal Plant, Container Planting, Interiorscape/ Indoor Plant
• Thematic Landscaping : Rockery / Desert Garden

• Plant Division : Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Monocotyledon)
• Plant Growth Form : Palm (Cluster Palm)
• Mode of Nutrition : Autotrophic
• Maximum Height : 8 m
• Maximum Plant Spread / Crown Width : 5 m
  
  

• Landscape Uses : Interiorscape/ Indoor Plant

• Plant Division : Gymnosperms (Non-Flowering Seed Plants) (Cycad)
• Plant Growth Form : Cycad
• Lifespan (in Singapore) : Perennial
• Maximum Height : 6 m

• Plant & Rootzone Preference – Tolerance : Dry Soils / Drought, Well-Drained Soils, Fertile Loamy Soils
• Landscape Uses : Bonsai, Parks & Gardens, Small Gardens, Interiorscape/ Indoor Plant, Container Planting
• Usage Hazard - Cons Remarks : Spiky leaves, kept away from paths when planting.

• Plant Division : Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Dicotyledon)
• Plant Growth Form : Tree (Medium (16m-30m))
• Lifespan (in Singapore) : Perennial
• Mode of Nutrition : Autotrophic
• Plant Shape : Umbrella
• Maximum Height : 15 m to 25 m
• Maximum Plant Spread / Crown Width : 9 m to 12 m
• Tree or Palm – Trunk Diameter : 1 to 1 m

• Landscaping : It suitable for planting along streets, in parks and gardens for its ornamental flowers, and umbrella shaped crown which provides excellent shade.
• Desirable Plant Features : Ornamental Flowers, Fragrant (Flowers), Ornamental Form
• Plant & Rootzone Preference – Tolerance : Moist Soils, Well-Drained Soils, Saline Soils / Salt Spray, Heavy Clay Soils, Alkaline high pH Soils
• Landscape Uses : Roadside Tree / Palm, Coastal, Shade Providing Tree / Palm, General, Parks & Gardens, Beachfront / Shoreline
• Thematic Landscaping : Naturalistic Garden, Golden Garden

• Plant Growth Form : Tree

• Plant Division : Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Monocotyledon)
• Plant Growth Form : Tree (Big (>30m))
• Lifespan (in Singapore) : Perennial
• Mode of Nutrition : Autotrophic
• Plant Shape : Open
• Maximum Height : 30 m to 40 m
• Maximum Plant Spread / Crown Width : 15 m

• Landscaping : It is suitable for parks and gardens on poor infertile soils or along seashores.
• Desirable Plant Features : Ornamental Form
• Plant & Rootzone Preference – Tolerance : Saline Soils / Salt Spray, Well-Drained Soils, Poor Infertile Soils
• Landscape Uses : Coastal, Roadside Tree / Palm, Parks & Gardens, Beachfront / Shoreline

• Plant Division : Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Dicotyledon)
• Plant Growth Form : Tree (Big (>30m))
• Lifespan (in Singapore) : Perennial
• Mode of Nutrition : Autotrophic
• Maximum Height : 40 m

• Desirable Plant Features : Fragrant (Bark)
• Plant & Rootzone Preference – Tolerance : Well-Drained Soils
• Landscape Uses : Roadside Tree / Palm

• Plant Division : Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Monocotyledon)
• Plant Growth Form : Epiphyte

• Desirable Plant Features : Ornamental Flowers
• Landscape Uses : Parks & Gardens, Small Gardens, Coastal, Beachfront / Shoreline, Skyrise / Balcony, Hanging Basket
• Thematic Landscaping : Golden Garden, Naturalistic Garden

• Plant Division : Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Dicotyledon)
• Plant Growth Form : Tree (Big (>30m))
• Lifespan (in Singapore) : Perennial
• Mode of Nutrition : Autotrophic

• Desirable Plant Features : Ornamental Fruits, Fragrant
• Plant & Rootzone Preference – Tolerance : Moist Soils, Well-Drained Soils
• Landscape Uses : Roadside Tree / Palm, Parks & Gardens, Small Gardens, Riverine, Pond / Lake / River, Shade Providing Tree / Palm

• Plant Division : Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Dicotyledon)
• Plant Growth Form : Tree (Medium (16m-30m))
• Lifespan (in Singapore) : Perennial
• Mode of Nutrition : Autotrophic
• Plant Shape : Broad / Mushroom / Hemispherical, Open
• Maximum Height : 20 m

• Desirable Plant Features : Ornamental Flowers
• Landscape Uses : General, Roadside Tree / Palm
• Thematic Landscaping : Golden Garden, Naturalistic Garden

• Plant Division : Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Dicotyledon)
• Plant Growth Form : Tree (Medium (16m-30m), Small (6m-15m))
• Lifespan (in Singapore) : Perennial
• Mode of Nutrition : Autotrophic
• Plant Shape : Oval
• Maximum Height : 8 m to 40 m

• Desirable Plant Features : Ornamental Flowers
• Plant & Rootzone Preference – Tolerance : Well-Drained Soils
• Landscape Uses : General, Roadside Tree / Palm, Hedge / Screening
• Thematic Landscaping : Golden Garden 

• Plant Division : Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Dicotyledon)
• Plant Growth Form : Tree (Medium (16m-30m), Small (6m-15m))
• Lifespan (in Singapore) : Perennial
• Mode of Nutrition : Autotrophic
• Plant Shape : Oval
• Maximum Height : 8 m to 35 m

• Plant Division : Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Dicotyledon)
• Plant Growth Form : Tree (Medium (16m-30m)
• Maximum Height : 30 m

• Landscape Uses : Roadside Tree / Palm

• Plant Division : Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Monocotyledon)
• Plant Growth Form : Shrub (Herbaceous)
• Lifespan (in Singapore) : Perennial
• Mode of Nutrition : Autotrophic

• Desirable Plant Features : Ornamental Foliage
• Plant & Rootzone Preference – Tolerance : Easy to Grow
• Landscape Uses : Container Planting, Interiorscape/ Indoor Plant

• Plant Division : Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Monocotyledon)
• Plant Growth Form : Palm (Cluster Palm)
• Lifespan (in Singapore) : Perennial

• Desirable Plant Features : Ornamental Foliage, Ornamental Form
• Plant & Rootzone Preference – Tolerance : Moist Soils, Waterlogged Soils
• Landscape Uses : Roadside Tree / Palm, Parks & Gardens, Small Gardens, Coastal, Beachfront / Shoreline, Interiorscape/ Indoor Plant, Container Planting 

• Plant Division : Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Dicotyledon)
• Plant Growth Form : Shrub
• Lifespan (in Singapore) : Perennial
• Mode of Nutrition : Autotrophic

• Desirable Plant Features : Ornamental Foliage
• Plant & Rootzone Preference – Tolerance : Moist Soils, Well-Drained Soils
• Landscape Uses : Parks & Gardens, Hedge / Screening 

• Plant Division : Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Dicotyledon)
• Plant Growth Form : Shrub (Woody)Lifespan (in 
• Singapore) : Perennial
• Mode of Nutrition : Autotrophic
• Plant Shape : Rounded
• Maximum Height : 4 m
• Maximum Plant Spread / Crown Width : 2.5 m

• Landscaping : This species is often used as an ornamental shrub in subtropical and tropical climates. It may be used as a specimen plant, as the large, bright purple flowers are sure to attract interest. The greyish green, softly hairy leaves provide a contrast in colour and texture when placed next to plants with smooth, green foliage. 
• Desirable Plant Features : Ornamental Flowers
• Plant & Rootzone Preference – Tolerance : Fertile Loamy Soils, Well-Drained Soils, Acidic (low pH) Soils, Easy to Grow, Disease / Pest Resistant
• Landscape Uses : General, Flowerbed / Border, Focal Plant, Container Planting
• Usage Hazard – Cons : Invasive / Potentially Invasive

• Plant Division : Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Monocotyledon)
• Plant Growth Form : Palm (Cluster Palm)
• Mode of Nutrition : Autotrophic
• Maximum Height : 6 m

• Landscape Uses : Roadside Tree / Palm

• Plant Division : Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Dicotyledon)
• Plant Growth Form : Shrub
• Lifespan (in Singapore) : Perennial
• Mode of Nutrition : Autotrophic
• Maximum Height : 1 m to 4 m

• Desirable Plant Features : Ornamental Foliage, Ornamental Form
• Plant & Rootzone Preference – Tolerance : Well-Drained Soils
• Landscape Uses : Parks & Gardens, Hedge / Screening, Container Planting, Bonsai

• Plant Division : Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Dicotyledon)
• Plant Growth Form : Tree (Medium (16m-30m))
• Lifespan (in Singapore) : Perennial
• Mode of Nutrition : Autotrophic
• Plant Shape : Rounded
• Maximum Height : 10 m to 12 m
• Maximum Plant Spread / Crown Width : 10 m

• Desirable Plant Features : Fragrant (Flowers)
• Plant & Rootzone Preference – Tolerance : Well-Drained Soils, Fertile Loamy Soils
• Landscape Uses : General, Roadside Tree / Palm, Parks & Gardens, Coastal 

• Plant Division : Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants)
• Plant Growth Form : Tree (Medium (16m-30m))
• Lifespan (in Singapore) : Perennial
• Mode of Nutrition : Autotrophic
• Plant Shape : Irregular
• Maximum Height : 30 m

• Desirable Plant Features : Ornamental Flowers, Fragrant (Flowers)
• Plant & Rootzone Preference – Tolerance : Poor Infertile Soils, Waterlogged Soils (Drains Site), Saline Soils / Salt Spray, Alkaline high pH Soils, Disease / Pest Resistant, Dry Soils / Drought
• Landscape Uses : Coastal, General, Shade Providing Tree / Palm

• Plant Growth Form : Shrub (Woody)
• Lifespan (in Singapore) : Perennial
• Mode of Nutrition : Autotrophic

• Desirable Plant Features : Fragrant (Flowers), Ornamental Flowers
• Plant & Rootzone Preference – Tolerance : Moist Soils, Well-Drained Soils
• Landscape Uses : Bonsai, Flowerbed / Border, Parks & Gardens, Small Gardens, Skyrise / Balcony
• Thematic Landscaping : Fragrant / Aromatherapy Garden

Sanchezia speciosa J.Leonard

• Plant Morphology :Perennial shrub, usually up to 2 m tall, but can reach 3 m in height. Dark green foliage, large and elliptic, oppositely arranged along stems. Leaves have prominent yellow or cream-coloured veins, thus the Chinese and common names 金脉爵床, 金叶木 and Gold Vein Plant. Bright yellow flowers, in spikes, tubular, 5 cm long, surrounded by red or orange bracts. Place in an area which can receive filtered sunlight, as plant does not tolerate direct full sun. If grown indoors, mist twice daily as it prefers moist conditions. Prune back after flowering to maintain foliage density. Propagate by cuttings. Showy flowers and foliage make it an impressive ornamental plant, indoors and outdoors. Grown as borders or hedges in well-drained moist soil.

• Small to medium sized clumping palm
• Pinnate leaves