Places such as Ancient Rome were well aware of their overwhelming air pollution which was bad enough for people to start moving. It came from garbage, sewage, and early uses of burning wood.

2. How much water pollution was there?  Where did it come from?

The water pollution was as bad as the air which was also affected by garbage and sewage. 

3. How did humans get most of the energy they needed to survive?

Pre-industrial cities mainly burned wood to generate energy.

4. Was conservation being practiced anywhere in the world?  How?

Conservation was being practiced in places like India by spreading the word that animals should not be eaten or harmed and people should convert into vegetarianism. 

5. Why was lead poisoning a problem?

Lead poisoning drove people insane, gave gout, and sterility.

Reforms of food, sanitation, housing, hunting, and women’s  movement demonstrate their contributions in politics

2. What did Theodore Roosevelt fight for?

Roosevelt fought for “wise use” which takes the future into account when using resources

3. What new organizations were formed?

General Federation of Women’s Clubs and Sierra Club

Water pollution was not much of a problem for dispersed communities but urban areas were the opposite. 

2. How much wood was being harvested?  What effects was this having?

Wood was being mass harvested to the point where there had to be a switch in fuels to coal. Coal was much more effective that wood, lasting longer but emitted more pollution into the air. 

3. In what ways was disease affecting the world?

Diseases like the black death and plague affected Europe and several countries around the world killing a large population of the world, but effectively began the public health system. 

To stop oil dumping in New Jersey

2. What type of gasoline was used for the first autos?

30% alcohol-gasoline blend

3. What was the chemurgy movement fighting for?

To find industrial uses for agriculture

22 people died and 600 hospitalized because of air pollution in trapped under a cold layer of air

The Cuyahoga River bursts into flames because of oil and chemical pollution in the water

2. What is the name of Rachel Carson’s book that started modern environmentalism?

Silent Spring opened a larger dialogue about humans relationship to the environment and merged public health and conservation movements

John Evelyn writes an article to propose remedies for London’s air pollution problem. This included large parks with lots of flowers.

2. What did Thomas Malthus predict?

Thomas Malthus predicted the natural population growth would inevitably outpace the natural agricultural output.

3. Give examples of new pollution affecting the world.

In 1804 Pittsburg there were  frequent complaints of the consequences of Coal Smoke from many buildings in the  Borough particularly from smithies and blacksmith shops. The smoke affected comfort, health, peace, and harmony of citizens.

4.  Why did sanitation become so important?

Benjamin Franklin’s concern for sanitation and pure drinking water was a lifelong concern for the improvement of Philadelphia’s health. And in 1762-1769 a Philadelphia committee led by Benjamin Franklin attempted to regulate waste disposal and water pollution. 

5. How was the air pollution at this time?

It was described by William Wordsworth as an “outrage done to nature” and was appalled that people were no longer “breathing fresh air” or “treading the green earth”

6. How was the water pollution at this time?

Johann Peter Frank advocated for government responsibility for clean water and sewage systems. This was well received and influenced policy in Germany.

7. What happened when the “Mother of the Forest” was cut down?

The cutting down of “Mother of the Forest” caused public outcry and led to Yosemite’s Grant preventing the Sequoia trees from further damage.

On July 9, 1970, the Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA ) was founded, which aimed to protect human health and the environment.  

2. How was air pollution reduced?

In 1970, the Clean Air Act was introduced, which was introduced to have pollution-free control and to promote more cleaner and fuel-efficient vehicles.

3. How was water pollution reduced?

The Clean Water Act ( CWA ) of 1970 was introduced to oversee the water quality and prevent contaminants from being deposited into water bodies.

4. What two new sources of pollution begin causing concern?

Air and Water sources of pollution began rising,which caused a rising concern with many.

Major disasters such as India’s Bhopal Cyanide gas leak and the Chernobyl Nuclear disaster. 

2. What two major issues involving the Earth’s atmosphere arise?

Greenhouse gas emissions and Global warming were two major issues that arose, which lead to warmer temperatures as well as an increase in sea levels.

The Gulf War led to an environmental disaster due to massive oil spills and uranium bullets that were depleted, which led to the rise of asthma and cancers in Kuwait and southern Iraq. 

2. What does China construct that causes much controversy?

China constructed the Three Gorges Dam that eventually was controversial due to the fact that this included displacement of at least 1.3 million people as well as destroying natural resources and habitats.

President Clinton introduces the Roadless Area Conservative Rule, which protected 58.5 million acres in 39 states as well as keeping National Forest Lands off-limits to road building and logging.

2. How does the Bush presidency handle global warming and climate change?

The Bush presidency handled global warming and climate change by weakening the existing laws that protected the country’s air, water, soil and wildlife, which is considered to be one of the worst environmentalist moves made by a president.

3. How does the world react to leaded gasoline?

Leaded gasoline started off by being banned in only certain countries but soon was permanently banned from every country due to its harmful impacts on the environment as well as on people.