Literacy Word Wall by Shelby Phillips

Phoneme

shelbydphillips — 2025-03-11 02:09:06 UTC

A phoneme is the smallest part of spoken language that makes a difference in the
meaning of words.

Grapheme

shelbydphillips — 2025-03-11 02:09:56 UTC

A grapheme is the smallest part of written language that represents a phoneme in
the spelling of a word.

Phonics

shelbydphillips — 2025-03-11 02:11:05 UTC

The understanding that there is a predictable relationship between phonemes (sounds
of spoken language) and graphemes (the letters and spellings that represent those sounds in
written language).

Phonemic Awareness

shelbydphillips — 2025-03-11 02:12:04 UTC

The ability to hear, identify, and manipulate individual sounds –
phonemes –
in spoken words. This is purely an auditory skill and does NOT involve a connection to the
written form of language.

Phonological Awareness

shelbydphillips — 2025-03-11 02:12:44 UTC

A broad term that includes phonemic awareness. In addition to
phonemes,
phonological awareness activities can involve work with rhymes, words, syllables, and onsets
and rimes.

Syllable

shelbydphillips — 2025-03-11 02:13:23 UTC

A word part that contains a vowel, or, in spoken language, a vowel sound.

Onset and Rime

shelbydphillips — 2025-03-11 02:14:09 UTC

Parts of spoken language that are smaller than syllables but larger than
phonemes.
An onset is the initial consonant sound of a syllable; a rime is the part of a syllable that contains
the vowel and all that follows it.

Multisensory Strategies

shelbydphillips — 2025-03-11 02:19:33 UTC

The use of direct instructional strategies involving visual, auditory, and tactile-kinesthetic sensory systems to learn the phonological, morphemic, semantic, and syntactic layers of language along with the articulatory-motor aspects of language.

Print Concepts

shelbydphillips — 2025-03-11 02:25:01 UTC

The rules that govern how to read and write, including how to hold a book, recognize letters, and understand the relationship between letters and sounds.

Dyslexia

shelbydphillips — 2025-03-11 02:27:57 UTC

A specific learning disability that is neurobiological in origin; characterized by difficulties with accurate and/or fluent word recognition and by poor spelling and decoding abilities.

Morpheme

shelbydphillips — 2025-03-11 02:29:40 UTC

The smallest unit of language that has its own meaning, either a word or a part of a word.

Cognates

shelbydphillips — 2025-03-11 02:31:04 UTC

Words in two languages that share a similar spelling, pronunciation, and meaning.

False Cognates

shelbydphillips — 2025-03-11 02:32:25 UTC

Pairs of words that are spelled the same or nearly the same in two languages but do not share the same meaning.

Print Awareness

shelbydphillips — 2025-03-11 02:36:13 UTC

Understanding and appreciation of the forms and the functions of printed language.

Decoding

shelbydphillips — 2025-03-11 02:39:58 UTC

The ability to convert a word from print to speech.

Phonological Recoding

shelbydphillips — 2025-03-11 02:41:03 UTC

The process of transforming sounds to pronunciations during decoding.

Alphabetic Principle

shelbydphillips — 2025-03-11 02:42:28 UTC

The understanding that written letters represent spoken sounds and that these sounds go together to make words.

Automaticity

shelbydphillips — 2025-03-19 22:37:11 UTC

The ability to recognize a word effortlessly and rapidly. The quick and effortless reading of words in or out of context.

Sound/Spelling

shelbydphillips — 2025-03-19 22:37:51 UTC

A phoneme/grapheme pairing.

Regular Words

shelbydphillips — 2025-03-19 22:38:46 UTC

Words in which each letter represents its most common sound.

Wholly Decodable Words

shelbydphillips — 2025-03-19 22:40:24 UTC

Words that can be identified on the basis of sound/spelling relationships and spelling patterns that have been previously taught.

Irregular Words

shelbydphillips — 2025-03-19 22:41:21 UTC

Irregular words (e.g., high-frequency and story words) that are explicitly taught prior to reading text.

Nondecodable Words

shelbydphillips — 2025-03-19 22:42:32 UTC

Words that are neither wholly decodable nor previously taught sight words.

High-Frequency Words

shelbydphillips — 2025-03-19 22:54:11 UTC

Regular and irregular words that appear often in printed text.

Affixes

shelbydphillips — 2025-03-19 22:56:04 UTC

Affixes are linguistic elements added to a base word (or root) to modify its meaning or function. They can be prefixes, suffixes, infixes, or circumfixes, and they play an important role in word formation and grammar.

Prefixes

shelbydphillips — 2025-03-19 22:56:30 UTC

A word part added to the beginning of a root word that changes its meaning. They are affixes that come before root words.

Suffixes

shelbydphillips — 2025-03-19 22:56:49 UTC

A word part added to the end of a root word that changes its meaning. They are affixes that follow root words.

Root Word

shelbydphillips — 2025-03-19 22:57:39 UTC

Base word; a single word that cannot be broken into smaller meaningful words or parts.

Reading Fluency

shelbydphillips — 2025-03-19 23:01:12 UTC

The accurate reading of connected text at a conversational rate with appropriate prosody.

Prosody

shelbydphillips — 2025-03-19 23:05:02 UTC

The rhythm, melody, and intonation of speech. It involves the patterns of stress, pitch, volume, and tempo used when speaking. Prosody plays a key role in conveying meaning, emotions, and emphasis in communication.

Rate

shelbydphillips — 2025-03-19 23:06:35 UTC

How quickly and accurately a reader reads connected text.

Word Family

shelbydphillips — 2025-03-19 23:10:43 UTC

A group of words that share a common root or base word, along with various affixes (prefixes, suffixes, etc.) that modify or build on that root. These words are related in meaning and often belong to the same part of speech or can have different grammatical forms.

Concrete Words

shelbydphillips — 2025-03-19 23:12:25 UTC

Words that can be pictured, felt, or heard, such as cottage, scalding, or shrill.

Abstract Words

shelbydphillips — 2025-03-19 23:13:27 UTC

Words that are difficult to demonstrate or picture, such as cousin, democracy, or reluctant.

Synonym

shelbydphillips — 2025-03-19 23:16:32 UTC

A word that has the same or nearly the same meaning as another word.

Antonym

shelbydphillips — 2025-03-19 23:17:20 UTC

Words that are opposite or nearly opposite in meaning.

Context Clues

shelbydphillips — 2025-03-19 23:20:49 UTC

Words or phrases that give readers hints or suggestions to the meaning of unfamiliar words.

Adept Diction

shelbydphillips — 2025-03-19 23:24:01 UTC

The skillful use of words in speech and writing. It involves choosing words that are appropriate for the context, audience, and purpose, and using them in a way that effectively conveys meaning, tone, and emotion.

Denotation

shelbydphillips — 2025-03-19 23:25:34 UTC

The literal meaning of a word, without considering any emotional associations or secondary meanings it might have. It is the dictionary definition of a word, the straightforward, objective meaning that everyone would generally understand.

Connotation

shelbydphillips — 2025-03-19 23:26:30 UTC

The emotional or cultural associations that a word carries, in addition to its literal or denotative meaning. These associations can be positive, negative, or neutral and vary based on personal experiences, cultural context, or societal norms.

Scaffolding

shelbydphillips — 2025-03-19 23:29:56 UTC

A method or technique used by writers to support the development of characters, themes, plot, or ideas within a story. It involves providing structure or guidance to help readers better understand complex concepts or narrative developments as they unfold.

Reader Response

shelbydphillips — 2025-03-19 23:30:41 UTC

Creating meaning through personal response and reflection.

Whole Language

shelbydphillips — 2025-03-19 23:53:37 UTC

An approach to teaching reading and writing that emphasizes learning words and language in context, rather than focusing on phonics or individual letter sounds in isolation. The whole language method encourages students to recognize words, phrases, and concepts as a whole and understand the meaning of texts through exposure to real, meaningful language experiences.

Comprehension

shelbydphillips — 2025-03-19 23:57:26 UTC

The ability to understand, interpret, and make sense of information, whether it's written, spoken, or visual. In reading, reading comprehension specifically refers to the ability to understand and process the meaning of a text, including grasping its ideas, themes, and details.

Pragmatics

shelbydphillips — 2025-03-20 00:26:02 UTC

The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the meaning of language in communication. Unlike semantics, which focuses on the literal meaning of words and sentences, pragmatics examines how people use language in real-life situations, considering factors like social context, relationships, tone, and intent.

Semantics

shelbydphillips — 2025-03-20 00:26:54 UTC

The branch of linguistics that focuses on the meaning of words, phrases, sentences, and texts. It involves studying how language conveys meaning, both at the level of individual words (lexical semantics) and how these meanings combine in larger units like sentences (compositional semantics).

Syntax

shelbydphillips — 2025-03-20 00:28:39 UTC

The set of rules, principles, and structures that govern the arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language. It focuses on how words combine to form grammatical sentences and how different sentence elements, like subjects, predicates, and objects, are organized.

Morphology

shelbydphillips — 2025-03-20 00:29:41 UTC

The branch of linguistics that studies the structure and formation of words. It focuses on how words are built from smaller units called morphemes, which are the smallest units of meaning in a language.

Phonology

shelbydphillips — 2025-03-20 00:30:38 UTC

The branch of linguistics that studies the sound systems of languages, focusing on how sounds function and interact within a particular language. It looks at the organization, patterns, and rules governing speech sounds (called phonemes) and how they combine to form words and sentences.

Orthography

shelbydphillips — 2025-03-20 00:31:53 UTC

The conventional system of writing in a language, including the rules and standards for spelling, punctuation, capitalization, and the use of other symbols (like hyphens or apostrophes). It governs how words are represented in written form.

Expression

shelbydphillips — 2025-03-20 01:17:58 UTC

The ability to read with appropriate intonation, rhythm, and emotion, making the reading sound natural and engaging. It involves adjusting pitch, tone, and pace to reflect the meaning of the text and enhance comprehension and enjoyment.

Pacing

shelbydphillips — 2025-03-20 01:19:15 UTC

The speed at which a person reads. Pacing involves reading at an appropriate rate that balances speed with comprehension. A fluent reader adjusts their pacing to ensure they understand the text while maintaining smooth, uninterrupted reading.

Sight Word

shelbydphillips — 2025-04-23 13:42:50 UTC

Sight words are common words that kids recognize instantly without sounding them out. Recognizing words by sight helps kids become faster, more fluent readers. Many sight words are tricky to read and spell and they aren't spelled the way they sound.