Hibiscus Sabdariffa which is known as Tella Karkade (Herbal plant) in Sudnease. In sudan, Tella Karnade known as Hibiscus Sabdariffa is use as medicinal proporties and as an herbal drink traditionally (Kuhnert and karar, 2017). In Sudan, this plant is used to treat hypertension, colds, fever, cough, malaria, and antimicrobial effects such as bacterial infection, viruses and parasites, and anticancer (Kuhnert and Karar, 2017).

• Ali, S. A., Sharief, N. H., & Mohamed, Y. S. (2019). Hepatoprotective Activity of Some Medicinal Plants in Sudan. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2019, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2196315

• Kuhnert, N., & Karar, M. E. (2017). Herbal drugs from Sudan: Traditional uses and phytoconstituents. Pharmacognosy Reviews, 11(22), 83. https://doi.org/10.4103/phrev.phrev_15_15

• Abdallah, E. (2016). Antibacterial efficiency of the Sudanese Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.), a famous beverage from Sudanese folk medicine. Journal of Intercultural Ethnopharmacology, 5(2), 186. https://doi.org/10.5455/jice.20160320022623

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Sudanese faces many mental health problems like PTSD, and trauma (Abur and Mphande, 2019). I did not know refugees face this kind of problem and their cultural background. While providing it is and it will be important to do effective communication. In the future also I will try my best to provide care with respect and sensitivity to patients of Sudan.

Abur, W., & Mphande, C. (2019). Mental Health and Wellbeing of South Sudanese-Australians. Journal of Asian and African Studies, 55(3), 002190961988029. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021909619880294

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Sudan is a country which is located in Northeast Africa. Sudanese face refugees due to the war between North and South Sudan, people have to migrate from their country to a third country like Australia (Abur and Mphande, 2019). Refugees suffer mental illnesses like trauma, diseases and other mental health problems like PSTD After arriving in Australia due to the settlement in the new country (Abur and Mphande, 2019). Another one is vitamin D deficiency (Nutritional Assessment of Resettled Paediatric Refugees in Western Australia, 2018).

Treatment for the vitamin D is to restore the normal range by daily dosing or high dose therapy, making sure that an adequate amount of intake for the patient (Refugee Heath assessment, n.d).

• Abur, W., & Mphande, C. (2019). Mental Health and Wellbeing of South Sudanese-Australians. Journal of Asian and African Studies, 55(3), 002190961988029. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021909619880294

  
  

• Newman, K., O’Donovan, K., Bear, N., Robertson, A., Mutch, R., & Cherian, S. (2018). Nutritional assessment of resettled paediatric refugees in Western Australia. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpc.14250

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  Refugee health assessment» Australian Refugee Health. (n.d.). https://refugeehealthguide.org.au/refugee-health-assessment/

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Kisra is one of the Sudan traditional foods (Khalid et al., 2017). Kisra is a fermented sorghum flatbread, made in Sudan from sorghum (Makawi et al., 2019). Grain from Sorghum has chemical properties similar to maize, including starch, lipids, and proteins. Sorghum grain also contains vitamins and minerals, oil bodies and waxes (Stefoska-Needham et al., 2015).

Preparation of Kisra (Khalid et al., 2017).

1. The process starts by mixing sorghum flour and water and combining it with previously fermented dough.

2. The mixture is left to ferment overnight and then heated on a steel plate at 15-160 degrees Celcius.

3. Steel plate is one of the stuffs used for the Kisra.

4. Then stiff sorghum is forced on the edges of a tin buried beneath, the tin is then covered and the dough is baked over charcoal until thoroughly done.

5. Cook until it becomes thick.

   
   

   Stefoska-Needham, A., Beck, E. J., Johnson, S. K., & Tapsell, L. C. (2015). Sorghum: An Underutilized Cereal Whole Grain with the Potential to Assist in the Prevention of Chronic Disease. Food Reviews International, 31(4), 401–437. https://doi.org/10.1080/87559129.2015.1022832

   
   

   Khalid, F. A., Ali, A. K. M., Ali, S. A., Mosmar, Z. Y. A., Salih, S. S. M., Salman, T. K., Desogi, M. A., Soghaier, M. A., Mohammed, E. E., & Mohammed, A. A. (2017). Households’ dietary habits and food consumption patterns in Hamishkoreib locality, Kassala State, Sudan. Journal of Ethnic Foods, 4(3), 181–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jef.2017.08.009

   
   

   Makawi, A. B., Mustafa, A. I., Adiamo, O. Q., & Mohamed Ahmed, I. A. (2019). Quality attributes of Kisra prepared from sorghum flour fermented with baobab fruit pulp flour as starter. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 56(8), 3754–3763. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-019-03848-w

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For refugees it is hard to settle in another country, number of services and help they need during that time. Providing opportunities for new careers is a new chance for refugees in Australia (Abur and Mphande, 2019). Language program helps refugees to learn the language and finding employment also makes the refugee's mental health good. Counselling and support services for Sudnease also help them to resolve their problems (Abur and Mphande, 2019).

• Russo, A., Koch, R., & McBride, J. (2023). Promoting social inclusion among asylum seekers and refugees living in thesoutheastt region of Melbourne, Australia, through volunteering. Health Promotion Journal of Australia. https://doi.org/10.1002/hpja.685

• Abur, W., & Mphande, C. (2019). Mental Health and Wellbeing of South Sudanese-Australians. Journal of Asian and African Studies, 55(3), 002190961988029. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021909619880294

• World Health Organization. (2023). World Health Organization. Who.int; World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/

  
  

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Sudan - The World Factbook. (n.d.). Www.cia.gov. https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/sudan/

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