Urbanization concepts (APES block 3) by Michael Bell https://padlet.com/mbell68_1/m95nznz7va9h50sw Made with swagger en-us 2022-01-16 10:41:19 UTC 2022-01-17 00:03:02 UTC hello@padlet.com 22osheak2 https://padlet.com/mbell68_1/m95nznz7va9h50sw/wish/1994792574 Smart Growth Strategies 

Mixing land uses: having residential buildings, office spaces, and public areas (malls, parks, etc) in the same place 
Green belting: Have lots of green areas surrounding urban areas 
Wildlife corridors: connects areas of wilderness in urban places (having a green overpass/bridge over a road) 
Urban growth boundaries: a regional boundary used to control urban sprawl 
Compact building design (vertical vs sprawling) 
- Creating walkable, bike-friendly, public-transport friendly neighborhoods 
- Preserving open space, farmland, and critical environmental areas 
- Providing options (housing, transport) 
- Encouraging community and stakeholder collaboration (like in the Loess plateau doc) 
- Recycle/reuse waste 
- Grow food locally 
]]> 2022-01-16 23:37:33 UTC https://padlet.com/mbell68_1/m95nznz7va9h50sw/wish/1994792574 What is Urban Sprawl https://padlet.com/mbell68_1/m95nznz7va9h50sw/wish/1994793353 Characterized by low population density in an urban area, It is when a city expands and takes more land to be a larger city in area. It causes an increase in driving cars and cutting down trees and ruining wildlife. Usually caused by poor city planning.]]> 2022-01-16 23:39:07 UTC https://padlet.com/mbell68_1/m95nznz7va9h50sw/wish/1994793353 Urban Sprawl https://padlet.com/mbell68_1/m95nznz7va9h50sw/wish/1994793598 Is the geographic expansion of cities and towns, often characterized by low-density housing, single use zoning (everyday uses are separated), and an increased reliance on private automobiles to get in to the city. 
New Urbanism--> focuses on the physical design of communities to create livable and walkable cities]]> 2022-01-16 23:39:38 UTC https://padlet.com/mbell68_1/m95nznz7va9h50sw/wish/1994793598 Urban Runoff https://padlet.com/mbell68_1/m95nznz7va9h50sw/wish/1994794768 How to Reduce Urban Runoff
  • Buy "environmentally safe" household cleaners
  • Properly store all toxic materials
  • Take all unwanted hazardous materials and containers to local collection sites
  • Use kitty litter or other absorbent to remove spills from pavement
  • Use pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers sparingly and carefully
  • Use a broom instead of a hose to clean up yard clippings
  • Pick up animal wastes and dispose of them in garbage cans
  • Take used motor oil and antifreeze to a recycling center or hazardous waste collection center
  • Reduce leakage of oil, antifreeze and other fluids from your car by regular inspections and maintenance

]]> 2022-01-16 23:41:59 UTC https://padlet.com/mbell68_1/m95nznz7va9h50sw/wish/1994794768 What is Urban Runoff https://padlet.com/mbell68_1/m95nznz7va9h50sw/wish/1994794775
  • Urban runoff is surface runoff of rainwater, landscape irrigation, and car washing created by urbanization. Urban runoff or 'storm drain pollution' is one of the leading causes of water pollution. Urban areas may contain up to 90 percent hard, impervious surfaces such as rooftops, sidewalks, streets, construction sites and parking lots and pavement where water collects and quickly runs off.

    • ]]>     2022-01-16 23:42:00 UTC https://padlet.com/mbell68_1/m95nznz7va9h50sw/wish/1994794775     Smart Growth Strategies https://padlet.com/mbell68_1/m95nznz7va9h50sw/wish/1994794813
  • Mix land uses - placing balanced combination of residential, commercial, and recreational properties within close proximity
    • Increased cycling and walking, less reliance upon vehicles → decrease in air pollution 
  • Urban growth boundaries - geographical limits for sprawling development around a city, county, or region.
    • Encourages mixed-use zoning within urban limits resulting in above benefits
    • Prevent sprawl development
  • Cluster development - buildings concentrated in specific areas within greater area, leaving remaining land open for recreational use 
  • Greenbelts - natural/untouched land that surrounds urban areas (parks, farms and ranches, wildland, etc.)
    • Act as natural buffers during wildfires
    • Provide groundwater during droughts
    • Prevents urban sprawl 

    • ]]>     2022-01-16 23:42:06 UTC https://padlet.com/mbell68_1/m95nznz7va9h50sw/wish/1994794813     Possible Solutions https://padlet.com/mbell68_1/m95nznz7va9h50sw/wish/1994794848 - financial incentives to avoid urban sprawl
    - limiting building permits
    - creating urban growth boundaries]]>     2022-01-16 23:42:12 UTC https://padlet.com/mbell68_1/m95nznz7va9h50sw/wish/1994794848     Promoting reduction https://padlet.com/mbell68_1/m95nznz7va9h50sw/wish/1994794969 Promote the reduction of this by recognizing the harmful effects it has: air pollution (increased illness for people - asthma, lung disorder), reduce water quality by increasing the amount of surface runoff (oil and other pollutants), deforestation and disruption of wildlife habitat, inefficient use of energy (increased automobile -> high concentrations of ozone and photochemical smog), loss of agricultural land, depletion of natural resources.
    How to reduce the negative effects of urban sprawl: 
    • Developing plans for smart growth
    • Encouraging developments close by or inside city limits
    • Good public transportation systems
    • Revitalization of existing urban centers and towns help to preserve the existing natural environment, thereby reducing urban sprawl
    ]]>     2022-01-16 23:42:26 UTC https://padlet.com/mbell68_1/m95nznz7va9h50sw/wish/1994794969     How to reduce urban runoff 23abrahamsm3 https://padlet.com/mbell68_1/m95nznz7va9h50sw/wish/1994795185 Plan the city to control the volume of urban runoff. Low impact development, structural roads, and pollution prevention strategies are advisable. Make sure that education programs about urban runoff is present and volunteering/campaigns are established to divert contaminated water away from waterways/]]> 2022-01-16 23:43:00 UTC https://padlet.com/mbell68_1/m95nznz7va9h50sw/wish/1994795185 Infill 22floresk2 https://padlet.com/mbell68_1/m95nznz7va9h50sw/wish/1994795231 Infill is when you take land that is going unused, then redevelop it rather than developing virgin land.
    'Brownfield' redevelopment is a variation where the land is going unused because of deeper causes such as pollution or social stigma.]]>     2022-01-16 23:43:07 UTC https://padlet.com/mbell68_1/m95nznz7va9h50sw/wish/1994795231     Urban Runoff https://padlet.com/mbell68_1/m95nznz7va9h50sw/wish/1994795442
  • Natural landscapes have porous surfaces, allowing runoff to filter slowly in ground
  • Snow and rain in Urban areas can not soak into the ground
  • Urban landscapes have impervious/nonporous surfaces -> runs off rapidly in unnaturally large amounts
    • Urban areas rely on storm drains for runoffs
    • Pollutants: oil, dirt, chemical, lawn fertilizer
  • Seriously harm water quality of streams and rivers
  • Storm sewer system concentrate runoff into smooth, straight, conduits
    • Gathers speed and erosional power
    • The power blasts out strembanks, damaging streamside vegetation and aquatic habitat
    • Run-off carries sediments from construction sites + denuded surfaces + eroded streambanks
    • Run-off carries high temp water -> harmful to aquatic life
    • Loss of infiltration affect groundwater -> flood during wet weather, lower stream flow during dry weather -> aquatic life cannot survive
  • Urbanization increase pollutants (harm fish and wildlife 
    • Sediment
    • oil grease toxic chemicals from motor vehicles
    • pesticides + nutrients from lawns and gardens
    • viruses and bacteria and nutrient from pet waste and failing septic systems
    • road salts
    • heavy metal from roof shingles and motor vehicles
    • thermal pollution from impervious surface (streets and rooftops
  • What to do?
    • Use porous pavement materials
    • Use less fertilizers
    • Compost
    • IPM integrated pest management
    • Storing and disposing of chemicals properly

    • ]]>     2022-01-16 23:43:33 UTC https://padlet.com/mbell68_1/m95nznz7va9h50sw/wish/1994795442     https://padlet.com/mbell68_1/m95nznz7va9h50sw/wish/1994795609 -Cluster development-preserves open space and directs developments away from natural and agricultural resources
    -providing transportation choices
    -compact building design: building up instead of out
    -preserving open space for humans, endangered wildlife
    -mixed land use--decreases environmental sprawl and car use, increases health and economies
    -walkable neighborhoods]]>     2022-01-16 23:43:54 UTC https://padlet.com/mbell68_1/m95nznz7va9h50sw/wish/1994795609     What is Urban Runoff 23littlefielde2 https://padlet.com/mbell68_1/m95nznz7va9h50sw/wish/1994795796 Urban runoff is the surface runoff of water (rain, car washing water, etc) that can lead to a natural water source or sewage drain. Along the way it picks up the toxins and waste that are on city streets, and is the largest water pollutant in the USA today. ]]> 2022-01-16 23:44:17 UTC https://padlet.com/mbell68_1/m95nznz7va9h50sw/wish/1994795796 Urban Sprawl 22norazamd3 https://padlet.com/mbell68_1/m95nznz7va9h50sw/wish/1994795978 Definition: Rapid expansion or unrestricted growth of cities and towns in urban areas. 

    Characteristics:
    1) low density residential housing
    2) Single - use zoning
    3) increase reliance on private automobile for transportation
    4) Little vegetation or evaporation which causes cities to be warmer than the surrounding countryside
    5) Concentration of water and air pollution/health problems.

    Ways to reduce urban Sprawl:
    - Encouragement of citizen participation in community decision making
    - an increase in transportation choices
    - the preservation of open space, agricultural areas, and environmental services
    - Education on negative impacts of urbanization]]>     2022-01-16 23:44:37 UTC https://padlet.com/mbell68_1/m95nznz7va9h50sw/wish/1994795978     reducing urban runoff https://padlet.com/mbell68_1/m95nznz7va9h50sw/wish/1994796795 Increase water infiltration. This can be accomplished by replacing pavement and concrete with more permeable pavement materials such as pavers (stones) with pore holes in them. planting trees and not out taking up more area on a streetblock will reduce urban runoff.]]> 2022-01-16 23:46:18 UTC https://padlet.com/mbell68_1/m95nznz7va9h50sw/wish/1994796795 Urban Sprawl 22zuoy3 https://padlet.com/mbell68_1/m95nznz7va9h50sw/wish/1994799916 Urban sprawl occurs when cities expand out and don't make efficient use of the land that they cover. Urban sprawl leads to greater consumption of energy, traffic congestion, and pollution. The issue also surrounds the idea that land consumption is greater than the population growth.

    We can promote the reduction of urban sprawl by educating people on this issue. When more people know about it, the fewer people are going to push for it. Another way we can reduce urban sprawl is by promoting New Urbanization which are projects that help make use of space through thoughtful design. ]]>     2022-01-16 23:50:54 UTC https://padlet.com/mbell68_1/m95nznz7va9h50sw/wish/1994799916     23wilcoxc4 https://padlet.com/mbell68_1/m95nznz7va9h50sw/wish/1994802205 California is now investing money in mixed use development. They are no longer putting in money into highways, instead they are putting it into public transit. ]]> 2022-01-16 23:54:41 UTC https://padlet.com/mbell68_1/m95nznz7va9h50sw/wish/1994802205 23abrahamsm3 https://padlet.com/mbell68_1/m95nznz7va9h50sw/wish/1994804021 Only 1/3 of cities use cars yet many cities focus on roads for cars. We should use our space wisely and establish a mixed-use city that preserves the natural environment. A way to do this is using bikes and walking to travel around the city.]]> 2022-01-16 23:57:48 UTC https://padlet.com/mbell68_1/m95nznz7va9h50sw/wish/1994804021 Smart Growth 22norazamd3 https://padlet.com/mbell68_1/m95nznz7va9h50sw/wish/1994804583 Implementing smart growth strategies in new cities can help it become more environmentally friendly than the standard way of urban sprawling. 
    Some of the huge advantages include the transportation habits as the drastic reduction of private automobiles use help by reducing the overall CO2 emissions, thus less air pollution. The overall kilometers/miles traveled is also less which makes traffic less congested. 
    By preserving open areas and having more trees around helps as their environmental services are critical for keeping the city clean. 
    Mix land use and communities can help as it'll reduce communities with private ownership of huge lands which as a result reduces the continuation of urban sprawls. ]]>     2022-01-16 23:58:58 UTC https://padlet.com/mbell68_1/m95nznz7va9h50sw/wish/1994804583     https://padlet.com/mbell68_1/m95nznz7va9h50sw/wish/1994804707 I found it interesting that high-density sprawl can also exist. For example in China, superblocks have barely any stores or local service economies. However, it is nice to know that China is trying to make more walkable cities through bike lanes.]]> 2022-01-16 23:59:14 UTC https://padlet.com/mbell68_1/m95nznz7va9h50sw/wish/1994804707 Thoughts https://padlet.com/mbell68_1/m95nznz7va9h50sw/wish/1994804953 Bike lanes should be implemented in every city. It reduces emissions and is an efficient, healthy way to travel from point A to point B. I believe all cities should be designed like the cities in Holland where bike paths are everywhere. ]]> 2022-01-16 23:59:44 UTC https://padlet.com/mbell68_1/m95nznz7va9h50sw/wish/1994804953 https://padlet.com/mbell68_1/m95nznz7va9h50sw/wish/1994805001 The plans for the city look super cool, especially with the integration of the greenery. ]]> 2022-01-16 23:59:48 UTC https://padlet.com/mbell68_1/m95nznz7va9h50sw/wish/1994805001 22osheak2 https://padlet.com/mbell68_1/m95nznz7va9h50sw/wish/1994805125 The idea of creating green belts throughout the city. I wonder if actually having parks to walk through makes it easier for people to choose to walk and/or bike places. ]]> 2022-01-17 00:00:03 UTC https://padlet.com/mbell68_1/m95nznz7va9h50sw/wish/1994805125 23littlefielde2 https://padlet.com/mbell68_1/m95nznz7va9h50sw/wish/1994805242 I think the idea of sharing road space is really interesting, especially in places like the California suburbs. I wonder what percentage of road space is used for alternative means of transportation (bikes, buses) in Tokyo vs LA. ]]> 2022-01-17 00:00:17 UTC https://padlet.com/mbell68_1/m95nznz7va9h50sw/wish/1994805242 Transit https://padlet.com/mbell68_1/m95nznz7va9h50sw/wish/1994805253 Cities should be designed in a way that promotes walking and other forms of more sustainable transportation (bike, train). This would go a long way in reducing environmental, economic, and health costs. ]]> 2022-01-17 00:00:18 UTC https://padlet.com/mbell68_1/m95nznz7va9h50sw/wish/1994805253 https://padlet.com/mbell68_1/m95nznz7va9h50sw/wish/1994805554 Would there be backlash from people who own cars, and is this only a viable solution because the amount of people that do not possess a car outweighs those who do?]]> 2022-01-17 00:00:59 UTC https://padlet.com/mbell68_1/m95nznz7va9h50sw/wish/1994805554 22floresk2 https://padlet.com/mbell68_1/m95nznz7va9h50sw/wish/1994805600 I found it interesting that the speaker differentiates between 'people', who get it, and 'the politicians', who need to be convinced.]]> 2022-01-17 00:01:04 UTC https://padlet.com/mbell68_1/m95nznz7va9h50sw/wish/1994805600 https://padlet.com/mbell68_1/m95nznz7va9h50sw/wish/1994806213 I really liked the idea of adding bike lanes. In Japan, there are a lot of bike lanes in urban areas but it's only one thin strip, which makes it hard for bikers to navigate. Hopefully, if biking becomes a norm, motor vehicles would decrease dramatically.]]> 2022-01-17 00:02:22 UTC https://padlet.com/mbell68_1/m95nznz7va9h50sw/wish/1994806213 22zuoy3 https://padlet.com/mbell68_1/m95nznz7va9h50sw/wish/1994806555 Walking is so simple but is also a great way to get people to promote health as well as city and environmental health. ]]> 2022-01-17 00:03:02 UTC https://padlet.com/mbell68_1/m95nznz7va9h50sw/wish/1994806555