Philosophical Foundations of Education and Curriculum Design Planning by Aileen Wood Meszaros https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6 PME 810 Module 2 Activity en-us 2019-07-19 14:52:28 UTC 2024-05-23 00:14:53 UTC hello@padlet.com alienonthemoon38 https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/371703041 2019-07-19 15:14:41 UTC https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/371703041 Philosophical Foundations alienonthemoon38 https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/371703097 "Provides educators, especially curriculum specialists, with a framework for organizing schools and classrooms" (Ornstein, 1991/1991, p. 102).

What is your "social lenses?"  How do you see the world?  "Philosophy is a description, explanation, and evaluation of the world as seen from personal perspective..." (p. 103).

This will determine your aims, means, and ends of curriculum (p.103) ]]> 2019-07-19 15:15:20 UTC https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/371703097 The Philosophies alienonthemoon38 https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/371704318 Perennialism:
cultivate the intellect, focus on timeless knowledge.
Essentialism:
Intellectual growth of the individual. Mastery of concepts, principles, subject matter
Progressivism:
Promote democratic social living. Focus on active and interesting learning.  Teacher is a guide for problem solving.
Reconstructionism:
To improve and reconstruct society.  Education is for change and social reform]]> 2019-07-19 15:37:43 UTC https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/371704318 alienonthemoon38 https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/371707451 2019-07-19 16:25:32 UTC https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/371707451 The Philosophies relate to the 5 Conceptions of Curriculum alienonthemoon38 https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/371707528 Perennialism/Essentialism→→→Academic Rationalism and Technology
  • The traditional disciplines. Efficient methods of knowledge communication. Transmission of western culture.  Examine the structure of knowledge orientation
Essentialsim/Progressivism→→→Humanistic and Self-actualization
  • Learning has high personal relevance and feeling. Personal purpose and personal integration.  Individualized learning experiences, intellectual growth
Reconstructionism/Progressivism→→→Social Reconstructive Relevance
  • Emphasis on the role of education within the larger social context.  Responsibility of education to deal with current and future issues of society
]]> 2019-07-19 16:27:21 UTC https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/371707528 alienonthemoon38 https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/371707684 2019-07-19 16:30:25 UTC https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/371707684 Sources of Curricular Design.....the 'aims' leading to the 'means' of Curriculum alienonthemoon38 https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/371711846 How do these relate to the conceptions of curriculum?
Science as a source 
  • Scientific method-observable quantifiable elements only.  Problem solving-learn how to learn. 
  • Relates to the academic rationalism and cognitive processes 
Society as a source
  • Curriculum is drawn from analysis of current/anticipated social situation
  • Relates to the social reconstruction conception
Moral Doctrine as a source 
  • Lasting truths from greatest thinkers. Bible or Religious texts guide curriculum OR uses spirituality separate from organized religion (focus on empathy and compassion) 
  • Relates to academic rationalism and humanism and self-actualization
Knowledge as a source
  • Knowledge is the primary source of curriculum. "What knowledge is of the most worth?"
  • Relates to  academic rationalism and technology
The Learner as a source
  • How do students learn? How do minds create meaning?  Medical imaging of brain development
  • Relates to humanism, self-actualization, and cognitive processes
]]> 2019-07-19 17:35:02 UTC https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/371711846 alienonthemoon38 https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/371713441 2019-07-19 18:05:23 UTC https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/371713441 Curricular Design Dimension Considerations alienonthemoon38 https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/371715181 Horizontal and Vertical
Scope...Sequence...Continuity...Integration...Articulation...Balance]]> 2019-07-19 18:49:39 UTC https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/371715181 Subject Centered alienonthemoon38 https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/371715522 Knowledge and content are integral.  Teachers are experts of subjects. CONCEPTIONS: Academic Rationalism, technology. 
Teacher focused.]]> 2019-07-19 18:56:11 UTC https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/371715522 Learner Centered alienonthemoon38 https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/371715533 Valuable to students.  Individualized learning.  CONCEPTIONS: Self-actualization, humanistic, development of cognitive processes
Socialization (social reconstruction), and Rousseau's Developmental idea.
Student focused]]> 2019-07-19 18:56:21 UTC https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/371715533 Problem Centered alienonthemoon38 https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/371715551 Real-life problems of individuals and society.
CONCEPTION: Social reconstructive.
Society focused]]> 2019-07-19 18:56:39 UTC https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/371715551 Classifications (Orstein & Hunkins, 2013) alienonthemoon38 https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/371716401 Subject design
Discipline design
Broad Fields
Correlation
Process
Philosophical foundations
Essentialism, Perennialism,
Progressivism]]> 2019-07-19 19:13:51 UTC https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/371716401 Classifications (Orstein & Hunkins, 2013): alienonthemoon38 https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/371717286 Child-centered
Experience-centered
Romantic (radical) design
Humanistic design
Philosophical foundations
Progressivism
Reconstructionism
Existensialism

]]> 2019-07-19 19:31:51 UTC https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/371717286 Classifications (Orstein & Hunkins, 2013): alienonthemoon38 https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/371718233 Life-situations design
Reconstructionist design
Philosophical foundations
Reconstructionism]]> 2019-07-19 19:48:43 UTC https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/371718233 References: alienonthemoon38 https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/371720046
  • Castellon, Adrienne (2017) A Call to Personal Research: Indigenizing your Curriculum.  Retrieved from: https://www.adriennecastellon.com/2019/06/19/a-call-to-personal-research-indigenizing-your-curriculum/ July 26, 2019
  • Hayes, D. (2003) Making learning an effect of schooling: aligning curriculum, assessment and pedagogy, Discourse: studies in the cultural politics of education, 24(2), 225-245McNeil, J. D. (2009).  Contemporary curriculum in thought and action (7th ed.).  Hoboken, NJ:  John Wiley.  Pages 1, 3-14, 27-39, 52-60, 71-74.
  • McMillan, J. H. (2014).  Classroom assessment: Principles and practice for effective standards-based instruction (6th ed., pp. 1-20,  57-64,74-88). Boston, MA: Pearson.
  • Ornstein, A. C., & Hunkins, F. P. (2013). Curriculum: Foundations, principles, and issues (6th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.  Read Chapter 6, pp. 149-173.
  • Ornstein, A. C., & Hunkins, F. P. (2013). Curriculum: Foundations, principles, and issues (6th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson. Read part of Chapter 1, pp. 1-8.
  • Shepard, L. A. (2000). The role of assessment in a learning culture. Educational Researcher, 29(7), 4-14. doi:10.3102/0013189X029007004
  • Sowell, E. J. (2005). Curriculum: An integrative introduction (3rd ed., pp. 52-54, 55-61, 81-85,103-106). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.

    • ]]>     2019-07-19 20:29:11 UTC https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/371720046     Referred to as Subject Matter Design by Sowell (2005). alienonthemoon38 https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/371721233 Types:
    Single-subject
    Correlated subject
    Broad Fields
    Interdisciplinary integrated
    Thematic Instruction

    ]]>     2019-07-19 20:57:47 UTC https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/371721233     Referred to as Society or Culture-Based Designs by Sowell (2005). alienonthemoon38 https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/371721464 Social functions and activities
    3 organizational themes: 
    1. Social living or persistent life situation approach
    2. Curriculum based around problems of community life
    3. Social action is primary function  


    ]]>     2019-07-19 21:03:45 UTC https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/371721464     Referred to as 'Learner-Based' Designs by Sowell (2005) alienonthemoon38 https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/371721957 Types:
    Organic
    Developmental]]>     2019-07-19 21:18:56 UTC https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/371721957     alienonthemoon38 https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/372409873 2019-07-26 19:53:49 UTC https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/372409873 Indigenizing your Curriculum alienonthemoon38 https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/372415180 The "Indigenization of the British Columbia curriculum requires new constructs for leadership, Indigenous pedagogical practices, perspectives and content, and a vision for changing paradigms" Adrienne Castllon (2017).]]> 2019-07-26 22:08:18 UTC https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/372415180 Indigenizing the curriculum alienonthemoon38 https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/372416357 In the following chart I have used Adrienne Castellon's article "A call to Personal Research: Indigenizing your curriculum' (2017) to outline how planning, instruction and assessment can become 'indigenized'.  I have separated this further into subject, learner, and problem-based curricular designs.  Some of the recommendations for planning and instruction fit under both learner and problem-focused designs and are for this reason repeated under both headings.  ]]> 2019-07-26 22:50:10 UTC https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/372416357 Indigenizing the Curriculum Chart: how could planning, instruction, and assessment be 'indigenized'? How could this be enacted in the 3 types of curricular design we have been studying? alienonthemoon38 https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/372417141 Please click on the chart to see the all columns and rows]]> 2019-07-26 23:18:56 UTC https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/372417141 How does Planning, Instruction and Assessment 'Play Out' in Subject-Centered, Learner-Centered and Problem-Centered/Society-focused Curricular Designs? alienonthemoon38 https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/372420987 2019-07-27 01:14:45 UTC https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/372420987 alienonthemoon38 https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/372421152 "Curriculum defines what counts as valid knowledge, pedagogy defines what counts as valid transmission of knowledge,  and assessment defines what counts as valid realization of this knowledge on the part of the taught" 
    (Hayes, 2003, p. 227)

    "Pedagogy [Instruction] is best shaped by the curriculum [planning] and assessment" (Hayes, p.240)]]>     2019-07-27 01:18:51 UTC https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/372421152     alienonthemoon38 https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/372421338 2019-07-27 01:24:28 UTC https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/372421338 Subject Centered alienonthemoon38 https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/372421725 Knowledge and content are integral.  Teachers are experts of subjects. CONCEPTIONS: Academic Rationalism, technology. 
    Teacher focused.]]>     2019-07-27 01:35:28 UTC https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/372421725     Subject-Centered alienonthemoon38 https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/372421749 Knowledge and content are integral.  This Design is most popular and widely used 
    CONCEPTIONS: Academic Rationalism, technology, Systems Approach  

    ]]>     2019-07-27 01:36:13 UTC https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/372421749     Learner Centered alienonthemoon38 https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/372421773 More progressive, valuable to students.  Individualized learning.  CONCEPTIONS: Self-actualization, humanistic, development of cognitive processes
    Socialization (social reconstruction), and Rousseau's Developmental idea.  ]]>     2019-07-27 01:36:40 UTC https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/372421773     Problem-Centered Society-Focused alienonthemoon38 https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/372421790 Focuses on real-life problems of individuals and society.  What are the students needs, concerns, and abilities.
    CONCEPTIONS: Social Reconstructivism]]>     2019-07-27 01:37:08 UTC https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/372421790     Planning alienonthemoon38 https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/372422358
  • Expectations for content is  clear and sequenced, focused on traditional disciplines. 
  • Standards-based, curriculum is based on the premise that all students can learn, all standards need to be high, equal opportunity is essential (McMillin, 2014).
  • Content is sequenced to build on previous content-linear
  • Teacher is expert of subject matter
    • ]]>     2019-07-27 01:51:52 UTC https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/372422358     Planning alienonthemoon38 https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/372422389
  • Dependent on individual student needs
  • Goals related to self-actualization and personal growth
  • Plan for many social and co-operative activities
  • Teacher must be skilled in assessment of individual student needs and strengths
  • Development of cognitive and critical thinking skills, connect to emotions, feelings, personal relevance.  
  • Backwards design. Plan the instruction based on the desired outcomes
    • ]]>     2019-07-27 01:52:29 UTC https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/372422389     Planning alienonthemoon38 https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/372422404
  • Essential learning will relate to societal,  local and individual concerns. 
  • Scope and sequence may not be well defined
  • Needs of individual,  local issues, and societal injustices are framed as problems for solving
  • What problem solving skills do students need? How can we develop these?
  • Teacher required to have understanding of global, local, and individual issues
  •  "The social living or persistent life situation approaches based on the belief that the curriculum design should follow the persistent functions, areas, or life situations in humanity's existence" (Sowell, 2005, p. 57)
    • ]]>     2019-07-27 01:52:47 UTC https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/372422404     Subject-Centered alienonthemoon38 https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/372423627 Instruction

    ]]>     2019-07-27 02:28:54 UTC https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/372423627     Subject-Centered Instruction alienonthemoon38 https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/372423871
  • Traditional methods
  • The objective is mastery of content
  • Teacher is expert
  • Lecture-based
  • Some content is more important than other
  • Must be aligned with state standards
  • "Teach to the test"
    • ]]>     2019-07-27 02:37:03 UTC https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/372423871     Subject-Centered alienonthemoon38 https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/372424351 Assessment]]> 2019-07-27 02:49:07 UTC https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/372424351 Subject-Centered Assessment alienonthemoon38 https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/372424441
  • Summative Assessment (post-learning)
  • Standards-based
  • Can be high-stakes testing 
  • Administered uniformly
  • No child left behind
  • Adequate Yearly Progress
  • Objective exams with measurable results
    • ]]>     2019-07-27 02:51:20 UTC https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/372424441     Learner- Centered alienonthemoon38 https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/372425491 Instruction]]> 2019-07-27 03:19:29 UTC https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/372425491 Learner Centered Instruction alienonthemoon38 https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/372425550
  • Ongoing (formative) assessment of students progress to inform teaching
  • Students actively receive, interpret and relate information on to what they already understand and experience (McMillin, 2014)
  • Teacher facilitates the learning experience based students needs and strengths
  • Students self-reflect on learning 
  •  Provide individualized feedback to see the connection between effort and performance.
  • Provide feedback that encourages internal attributions, especially effort. 

    • ]]>     2019-07-27 03:21:22 UTC https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/372425550     Learner-Centered alienonthemoon38 https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/372425802 Assessment]]> 2019-07-27 03:30:37 UTC https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/372425802 Learner-Centered Assessment alienonthemoon38 https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/372425816
  • Specific meaningful feedback is essential
  • Focused on the overall growth of the learner
  • Can be difficult to assess, subjective in nature
  •  Use multiple modes of assessment that allow flexibility in how students demonstrate knowledge and understanding. 

    • ]]>     2019-07-27 03:31:24 UTC https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/372425816     Problem-Centered / Society-focused alienonthemoon38 https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/372426690 Instruction]]> 2019-07-27 03:57:08 UTC https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/372426690 Problem-Centered Instruction alienonthemoon38 https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/372426771
  • Teacher facilitates learning with a focus on relevant problems, aids in making connections to community
  • Learning and cognitive skills develop through the process of critical thinking, analysis, and problem-solving 
  • Formative (ongoing|) assessment is used to determine and individualize learning
  •  integration of the different subject matters and their relevance to students and society. 

    • ]]>     2019-07-27 03:59:08 UTC https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/372426771     Problem-Centered /Society-focused alienonthemoon38 https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/372427382 Assessment]]> 2019-07-27 04:14:06 UTC https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/372427382 Problem- Centered /Society-focused Assessment alienonthemoon38 https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/372427541
  • Assess ability and process used to solve a problem
  •  Assess the students "capacity for, and skills in, analysis and problem solving and the ability to communicate ideas and information, to plan and organize activities and to collaborate with others" (Hayes, 2003, p. 230)
  • Assess the students "capacity to exercise judgement and responsibility in matters of morality, ethics and social justice (Hayes, p.230)
  • Assess the students "capacity to think about how things got to be the way they are, and to be active and informed citizens" (Hayes, p.230)

    • ]]>     2019-07-27 04:18:21 UTC https://padlet.com/alienonthemoon38/m8pxpssyzaj6/wish/372427541