Problem faced :

1. Core Profile Debugging:

   • No backward compatibility; deprecated functions (e.g., glBegin()) caused crashes.

   • Solution: Used RenderDoc to validate OpenGL calls.

2. Shader Compilation Errors:

   • Shader failures provided vague error logs.

   • Solution: Implemented a shader logging function to retrieve compile/link errors.

3. Resource Path Management:

   • Textures failed to load due to incorrect relative paths in Visual Studio.

   • Solution: Used absolute paths during development or moved assets to x64/Debug.

4. Performance Issues:

   • Multiple texture binds slowed down rendering.

   • Optimization: Batched draw calls and used texture arrays.

Modern OpenGL’s explicit control offers flexibility but demands meticulous setup. Tutorials like LearnOpenGL.com bridge theory and practice, while tools (GLAD, GLM, RenderDoc) streamline development. Future work includes integrating lighting (Phong model) and geometry shaders.