+ Time: from 1950 to 2050 = between 1950 to 2050 = over a period of 10 years from 1950 = over a 10-year period from 1950 to 2050.
- Overview: tổng quát, sử dụng các từ nối
+ Trend? increase? decrease? => while/ whereas (analyze the beginning point and the ending point)
+ Value: highest/ lowest
Overall, it can be obviously seen that/ it is noticeable that/ it is interesting to note that/ the most striking feature is that ...
+ Lưu ý: Khi viết overview là phải có sự so sánh ở mức tổng quát
Eg: Overall, the proportion of all groups eating fruit and vegetables increased over the period shown. Also, while women had a tendency to consume these foods the most, the group who ate the least amount of fruit and vegetable was children
+ Some structures for overview:
- Overall, it can be obviously seen that/ it is interesting to note that/ it is noticeable that/ the most striking feature is that/ it is worth noting that...
- S+V+O, while/ meanwhile/ whilst the opposite/ reserve to be true for N
- Body: 2-3 đoạn, không nên viết 1 đoạn
- Cách trình bày bài: viết theo định dạng lề căn cả hai bên
2. Vocab
- increase = jump (line) = go up = grow = rise = improve = escalate
⇒ increase = jump = growth = rise = escalation
- recover: phục hồi ( trước đó đang giảm, bâyh đg phục hồi ) = rebound
⇒ recovery = rebound
- double: tăng gấp2
- triple/ treble: tăng gấp 3
- quadruple: tăng gấp4
- soar (line) = surge (line) = rocket (line- dốc) = skyrocket (line - dốc) : tăng mạnh
⇒ soar = surge = rocket = skyrocket (n)
- decrease = decline = drop = fall = go down = diminish = reduce
⇒ decrease = decline = drop = fall = reduction
- dip (line) = plunge (line) = plummet (line)
⇒ dip/ nadir (reach a nadir/ hit a nadir)  = plunge = plummet
- halve ( nội V) : giảm một nửa ⇒ halve (n)
- fluctuate= oscillate  ⇒ fluctuation = oscillation
- peak ( hit/reach a peak/ plateau) ⇒ peak (n)
- level off / out (line) ⇒ leveling off/out ( chỉ dùng khi có sự thay đổi phương hướng trc và sau, line graph)
- overtake = outstrip = outsell

- remain unchanged= remain (relatively) stable / unchanged
3. Adv & Adj
- rapid = significant = considerable = remarkable = marked = dramatic= drastic ⇒ rapidly=significantly = considerably = remarkably = markedly .= dramatically = drastically
- sudden = striking = abrupt⇒ suddenly = strikingly = abruptly
- slight = marginal = negligible ⇒ slightly = marginally = negligibly
- gradual = steady = consistent⇒ gradually = steadily = consistently = progressively
- wild fluctuations ⇒ wildly
4. Sentence structures
- S+V+ADV ( in+ TG )
- There (be)+ Adj+N+ in +Something ( in+ TG )
- S (experience/see/ undergo/ witness) + a/an + Adj + N ( in+ TG )
- A/an + adj + N could be seen in +Something
- Thời Gian + ( experience/ see/ undergo/ witness ) + a/an + adj +N.

Eg: The sale income of Fresh Garden bakery decreased considerably in 2005.

⇒  There was a considerable decrease in the sale income of Fresh Garden bakery in 2005. 

⇒  The year 2005 experienced a considerable decrease in the sale income of Fresh Garden bakery.

⇒  A considerable decrease could be seen in the sale income of Fresh Garden bakery in 2005.

⇒  The sale income of Fresh Garden bakery witnessed a considerable decrease in 2005.
- S + tobe Cby sb
- S + tobe the most prominent choice by sb
- S + tobe the least favourable option by sb
- the second most + adj
- X (come) in second/ third + with/at + so lieu
- X (be) ranked second/ third + with/at + so lieu

- S + V, which + tobe followed by + N
5. Compound and complex sentence
- Sequencing language: after that, then, subsequently, following this, at this point, next, after which.
- S + V, and/but then + S+ V
⇒ S+ V, and S then + V
⇒ S+V, and/but S + V then

⇒ Having PP, S+V
Eg: Revenue increased markedly to $2 million dollars in 2005, and it then fluctuated wildly till the end of the period. 
⇒ After increasing markedly to $2 million dollars in 2005, revenue then fluctuated wildly till the end of the period.

⇒ Having increased markedly to $2 million dollars in 2005, revenue then fluctuated wildly till the end of the period.
- Although/ Even though/ Though S+V, S (then) +V

⇒ Despite V-ing / N phrase, S + then +V
E.g. Revenue rose slightly to 1 billion dollars, but it then plunged/ halved to 0.5 billion dollars.
⇒ Despite rising slightly to 1 billion dollars, revenue then halved to 0.5 billion dollars.
⇒ Despite a slight rise to 1 billion dollars, revenue then halved to 0.5 billion dollars.
6. Prepositions
- Stand/start/finish at ( số liệu tĩnh dùng at , tại một thời điểm ).
- Increase/ decrease to + SL
E.g. Revenue increased from 1 to 3 billion dollars.       
- Increase/ decrease by + SL: tăng lên hoặc giảm đi một lượng là bao nhiêu 
E.g. Revenue increased by 2 million dollars from January to February.        

⇒  There was an increase of 2 billion dollars from January to February.       
⇒ Revenue increased from 1 to 3 billion from J to F, an increase of 2 billion. 
7. Future sentence structures
- It is estimated that S+ will +V ⇒ S+ is/are estimated to V
- It is forecasted that S+ will +V
⇒ S+ to be + forecasted to V
- S to be anticipated to V
⇒ It is anticipated that S +will + Vinf
- It is predicted that S+ will +V ( người ta dự đoán rằng )
⇒ S + is/ are predicted to V
- The projections/ predictions show that S+is/are likely to V
E.g. Revenue will increase to 5 million dollars in 2025.
⇒ Revenue is predicted to increase to 5 dollars in 2025.

⇒ It is anticipated/predicted/estimated that revenue will increase to 5 million dollars in 2025. 
⇒ The projections show that revenue is likely to increase to 5 million dollars in 2025 

- Restate the topic (Paraphrase the topic - Different from the introduction)
- Emphasize your opinion once again.
Notice: (Không nên dùng In conclusion)
To conclude,
To sum up,
5. Vocab
- advantage = merit = benefit = upside = desirable effect
+ be beneficial = be advantageous for 
+be good for sth = be conducive to = do wonders for
+bring about benefit (v): mang lai loi ich
+ sb derive benefits from (v)
+ enhance = facilitate = advance = boost = ameliorate = make a significant contribute to
- disadvantage = demerit = drawback = detrimental/ harmful effect = downside
+ have an adverse bearing on = do harm to
+ take a (heavy/ devastating) toll on
+ do sb a disservice 
+ inflict damage on / wreak a havoc on
+ worsen = exacerbate = deteriorate = impede = hinder = act as a deterrent to 

- during the surveyed period = during the time span = during the period shown
- regarding = in terms of = with regards to = when it comes to = as regards to
- than = in comparison with = compare to = as opposed to 
- While = meanwhile = whilst = whereas