1. The International Monetary Fund (IMF)

2. The World Bank

3. The World Trade Organization 

1. When was this organization founded? 

   This organization was founded in 1944 during the Bretton Woods conference.

2. Where is its headquarters?

   Their headquarters are in Washington, DC at the heart of the city.

3. What is the goal of the organization? (Do NOT copy/paste the mission statement- summarize in your own words!)

   The major goal of the World Bank is to provide loans and support to low- and middle-income developing countries. This organization acts as an international financial institution that wants to end poverty and spread prosperity.

4. Is the United States involved in this organization? If so, how? If not, why not?

   The United States was indeed involved in this organization since they were the main leading force in the establishment of the World Bank. This allows the U.S. to put efforts in internationally and have a say in economic policies.

5. Are there any controversies surrounding this organization? If so, summarize them. 

   Yes, there were controversies surrounding this organization because since they are the main force in providing loans and grants, their policies may not align with the interests of the country or the people. The World Bank was doubted many times due to its purpose of accountability and effectiveness.

   
   

1. The European Union

2. NAFTA

3. ASEAN

4. Mercosur

1. When was this trade agreement signed?

   This trade agreement was signed on November 1, 1993.

   
   

2. What countries are involved in this trade agreement?

   The European Union consists of 27 states that are located primarily in Europe, some examples include, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, and the United Kingdom.

   
   

3. Discuss one controversy about this trade agreement.

   One controversy about this trade agreement is the main conflict of national sovereignty, where the nation rules itself without any inference from external states/sources. This led to concerns about the decisions made and the control over them in general.

Examples of multinational corporations to choose from: 

Royal Dutch Shell 

Apple 

Nestle 

CITI Group

Coca-Cola 

AT&T 

Proctor & Gamble 

McDonald's

Microsoft 

Exxon Mobil 

Delta Airlines

Google 

IBM 

Johnson & Johnson 

L'Oréal

The idea of globalization descends into how companies make their way internationally and expose their powers to the outside world. In this case, L'Oréal was a prominent multinational corporation in this time frame. L'Oréal's goal to expand succeeded and faced a situation where its rising economic power and global influence challenged the authority of the government. This highlighted how these corporations used their vast resources and international presence and it sometimes gave pressure to the government. As a result of this incident, the balance of power between businesses and the nation was a controversial topic at the time.

1. Greenpeace 

2. Green Belt in Kenya

3. Earth Day 

1. What is the focus of this organization? (What are they trying to accomplish?)

   The main focus of the Earth Day organization was to promote environmental awareness and sustainability. They aim to advocate for efforts to take action to protect the planet. Earth Day tries to accomplish a greener future by encouraging more people internationally to perform eco-friendly practices.

   
   

2. Research and summarize a recent protest they staged. What were they protesting? Where? How did they protest? What was the result?

   A recent protest they staged can be referred back to April 23, 2022. Environmental activists noticed the government's slow pace of actions on climate change and immediately took action by starting a protest in front of the White House Saturday afternoon calling President Biden. These activists were extremely angered since the congress promised to pass a climate bill that has been stalled in the Senate since December. Mr. Biden has pledged to cut greenhouse gases in half by 2050. The people protested by gathering all together with posters of writings that claim "Respect your Mother" with drawings of the earth. There wasn't a clear result as to this project, however, Mr. Simpkins, a protester did announce his opinion and stated "I hate to say that, but I wouldn't vote" referring to the 2024 elections.

1. Choose the FIVE rights that you think are the most important (this can be the ones that are important to you personally, or the ones you think have the biggest impact on humanity)

   The five rights that I believe are the most important as stated in the Declaration of Human Rights are found in Articles 1,2,3,10, and 30.

   Starting with the most important ones, 1 2, and 3. 1 states that all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. 2 states that everyone is entitled to all the rights outlined in this Declaration without distinction of any kind, which solidifies the boundary of this Declaration. 3 is pretty self-explanatory, everyone has the right to life, liberty, and security of person.

   Article 10 focuses on the rights that everyone has when you are in for any criminal charge which is a fair and public hearing.

   Lastly, article 30 ends the Declaration by stating that nothing in this writing may be interpreted as implying any State, group, or person.

   
   

2. Are there any rights on this list that you think should not be guaranteed human rights? If so, why not? Are there any rights that you think SHOULD be on the list, but aren’t? 

   I wouldn't consider Article 16 as a "guaranteed' human right, I don't think it's necessary to include it in the Declaration. It states briefly that men and women of full age without any limitation have the right to marry and find a family. Mainly because as today's society evolves, it's not truly a necessity. Additionally, I think pretty much everything is covered on the list.

   
   

3. Find a right on the list that is not guaranteed by the US government. Why do you think this right is not protected by the US government?

   One right that is not guaranteed by the US government in the Declaration of Human Rights is the right to healthcare. Although the government does provide healthcare, it should be a guaranteed right given to the people. I think this right is not protected because it's a topic of debate, some people argue that it's more a personal responsibility than a government obligation.

1. “Battle of Seattle”

2. Brexit

3. Creation of fair trade companies

4. The advent of locally developed social media platforms (Weibo in China)

1. What happened during this event?/What led these companies to be created? Give some context around the event or creation of a company.

   The main goal for the creation of Weibo in 2009 was to provide a place for Chinese citizens to spread lively updates and a platform for more interactions internally. It aims to fulfill a social network and business expansion.

   
   

2. What type of response is this to globalization? (Think SPICE themes) 

   The creation of Weibo can be considered a social and political response to globalization.

   
   

3. How is this an anti-globalization response? 

   Weibo is an anti-globalization response as it is a controlled platform by the Chinese government to maintain a strong grip on the flow of information limiting its exposure to external influences that might challenge the government's power. This social media platform serves the purpose of promoting Chinese nationalism and the identity of the citizens.

   
   

4. What happened as a result of this response?

   As a result of this response, there were many significant results. First, the Chinese government censorship regulates online content to be exposed to a certain extent. Secondly, Weibo promoted economic opportunities for the company itself and content creators, the company made profits as Weibo became more popular. Lastly, it did limit global influence on China citizens as no information from the outside world comes in.

1. The League of Nations 

2. The United Nations

3. The International Criminal Court

1. When was this organization founded? 

   The International Criminal Court was founded on July 1, 2002.

   
   

2. Where is its headquarters?

   Its headquarters is located in The Hague, Netherlands.

   
   

3. What is the goal of the organization? (Do NOT copy/paste the mission statement- summarize in your own words!)

   Like the name, the goal of the organization is to hold individuals accountable for serious international crimes genocide, crimes against human nature, war crimes, and crimes of aggression. It serves to promote justice just like any court.

   
   

4. Is/was the United States involved in this organization? If so, how? If not, why not?

   The United States was involved in the establishment of the International Criminal Court as well. Under President George W. Bush's leadership, the U.S. first signed the Rome Statute in 2000 however later withdrew the sign due to conflicts with the court's jurisdiction over citizens and military.

   
   

5. Are there any controversies surrounding this organization? If so, summarize them. 

   Yes, as a court their purpose is to protect and hold individuals accountable however the International Criminal Court was also criticized for its jurisdictional issues and the court's effectiveness in achieving their promises.

   
   

1. UNICEF  

2. The Red Cross 

3. Amnesty International  

4. Doctors Without Borders (Medicine Sans Frontiers)

5. World Health Organization (WHO)

1. When was this organization founded?

   The World Health Organization was founded on April 7, 1948.

   
   

2. Where is its headquarters?

   Its headquarters is located in Geneva, Switzerland.

   
   

3. What is/are its main goal(s)? 

   The main goal of the World Health Organization is to promote and protect global health by speaking on public health issues and providing support on health matters worldwide. It aims to ensure that all people have access to the highest level of well-being.

   
   

4. Describe one current/recent issue that this organization has addressed, and how it addresses it.

   Let's talk about the most famous pandemic that the World Health Organization addressed. During the time of COVID-19, they guided prevention measures, distributed medical supplies worldwide, and supported research to figure out the spread of the virus. Their efforts raised awareness and facilitated international collaboration on public health.