In most cases, you will need to cite a source because you are drawing on the ideas in or contribution of the author’s work, not quoting directly. 

2. Citing with quotation
A direct quotation is where you copy the exact words used by an author and place them, unaltered, directly into your work. Direct quotations should only be used to illustrate a specific point of view or where the exact wording is important, for example in a definition. In most cases, it is preferable to present information in your own words. 

3. Citing a source cited in another source (secondary referencing)
If you are reading a source by one author who cites work by another author, whether or not they quote that author, you must cite the original work as a secondary citation. This is known as secondary referencing. This is very important, as failure to acknowledge a secondary source is just as significant as failure to acknowledge any other source and thus falls under the definition of plagiarism. 

4. Use of ibid. and op. cit.
The abbreviations ibid. and op.cit. can be employed to avoid repeating the same citation in the main 

body of your text. 

Ibid. is short for ibidem, which, in Latin, means 'in the same place' and can be used when the next 

reference is the same as the one before. 

The term op.cit. is an abbreviation for the Latin opere citato, which means in the work cited and can be 

used when the same reference is cited elsewhere in the body of your text, but may not be the most 

recent citation.