M1 Casiano, Lian

M2 Mendez, Shawn

M2 Lopez, Bree

✅Artificial Intelligence technologies like ChatGPT begin to be integrated into educational settings, offering personalized learning experiences, automated grading, and intelligent tutoring systems.

✅This marks the beginning of a new era in educational technology, with both exciting possibilities and ethical considerations.

Atienza, Keitlyn

De Jesus, Julyanna

Yanto, James

📌 The 17th century saw advancements in education, with the printing press making books more accessible and the use of tools like maps, globes, and scientific instruments.

📌 However, education was still limited to the wealthy, and there was no standardized curriculum or teaching methods.

MEMBERS:

M1 Dela Cruz, Edemy

M2 Navarro, Marco

M3 Robles, Jeune Carl

✅ Freidrich Froebel, a German innovator in the world of education with his inspirations from other educational innovators of their time and nature.

✅ Which created the kindergarten and other innovations for the development of children.

Members:

M1 Acuna, Rosana A.

M2 Mandapat, Erica Leila A.

M3 Sayo, Yesha B.

✅ During the Industrial Era, educational technology saw significant advancements, including the mass production of textbooks due to printing technology, the widespread use of blackboards and chalk, and the implementation of the Lancasterian system where advanced students taught peers.

✅ This marked the transition from agrarian and handicraft economies to ones dominated by industry and machine manufacturing.

Delmo, James Paul

Lajoy, Rexter Jhon

Tolentino, Ednalyn

Virgo, Ayro Jule

🦋During the 17th and 18th Century, the Age of Enlightenment arose. Here, reasoning, scientific thinking and, human progress prevailed.

🦋During this time period, education was influenced by different Enlightenment philosophers such as John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. This gives emphasis to the belief that education is for all regardless of their social status.

🦋There is a growing recognition for literacy this time. Although education is still limited for many, the literacy still strived and began to rise. There were also initiatives to establish schools and promote literacy.

🦋In some regions, especially those who were colonized by America and Europe, public schools emerged. Though there are existing public schools, still the social distinctions were maintained in these educational systems.

🦋The Lancasterian System of Education or the Monitorial System arose during this time. This means that in a classroom with a lot of students, there are some monitors or chaperones who relays the topic from the head teacher.

Nulud, Jestrelle D.

Ramos, Francen Reign M.

Sampana, Jogie F.

Introduction/ Education during 900-1500 AD

Medieval educational methods largely draw inspiration from classical methods of the Sophists, and students learn Latin, rhetoric, and grammar, along with the arts. Education and knowledge is largely controlled by the church for hundreds of years, due in part by the scarcity of books.

Educational Technology they used

Manuscripts - These handwritten texts were the primary source of learning materials.

Stained glass windows and murals - Employed in churches and schools, these visual aids depicted biblical stories, serving as educational tools for illiterate audiences.

Technological Innovation

Printing press - Johannes Gutenberg's great innovation was not the printing itself, but instead of using carved plates as in woodblock printing, he used separate letters (types) from which the printing plates for pages were made up. This meant the types were recyclable and a page cast could be made up far faster

Ganancial, Anna Luisa

Gesmoparan, Lester John

Lacsina, Anne Karel A.

Who Was Horace Mann?

Horace Mann practiced law before serving in the state Legislature and Senate. Named secretary of the new Massachusetts board of education in 1837, he overhauled the state's public education system and established a series of schools to train teachers. Mann later was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives and served as president of Antioch College in Ohio until his death in 1859. Mann is recognized today for his leadership in transforming the country's public-education system and many schools across the U.S. are named after him.

Early Years and Education

Mann was born into poverty in Franklin, Massachusetts, in 1796. Chiefly self-taught, Mann was 20 years old when he was admitted to the sophomore class at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island. At Brown, Mann took an interest in politics, education and social reform. Upon graduation, he delivered a speech on the advancement of the human race through which education, philanthropy and republicanism could combine to benefit mankind.

State Politics

After Brown, Mann practiced law before winning a seat in the Massachusetts House of Representatives, serving from 1827 to 1833. He then won election to the state Senate in 1835 and was named its president the following year. During these years, Mann aimed his sights at infrastructure improvements via the construction of railroads and canals and established an asylum for the insane at Worcester.

Educational Reform

Meanwhile, the Massachusetts education system, with a history going back to 1647, was sputtering. A vigorous reform movement arose, and in 1837 the state created its board of education, one of the first in the country, with Mann assuming stewardship as its secretary. With funds for the board’s activities at a minimum, the position required more moral leadership than anything else, and Horace Mann proved himself up to the role. He started a biweekly journal, Common School Journal, in 1838 for teachers and lectured on education to all who would listen. Additionally, he visited Europe to learn more about established educational principles and came away particularly impressed with the Prussian school system.

Principles of Education

Mann developed his hugely influential – although at the time controversial – main principles regarding public education and its troubles: (1) citizens cannot maintain both ignorance and freedom; (2) this education should be paid for, controlled and maintained by the public; (3) this education should be provided in schools that embrace children from varying backgrounds; (4) this education must be nonsectarian; (5) this education must be taught using tenets of a free society; and (6) this education must be provided by well-trained, professional teachers.

The importance of the final principle prompted the development of "normal schools" to train teachers to follow Mann's guidelines. As such, the first of several Massachusetts state-sponsored normal schools was established in Lexington in 1839.

Mann’s methods angered groups across the social and political spectrum; clergymen objected to the diminished role of religion in the classroom, and politicians balked at the overreach of authority into local school systems. Ultimately, Mann's ideas prevailed, and he is recognized today for his efforts in transforming the country's public education system.

Late Career and Death

Mann served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1848 to 1853, and then became president of Antioch College in Yellow Springs, Ohio. A commencement speech he gave two months before his death in 1859 served as a clarion call, asking students to embrace his influential worldview: “I beseech you to treasure up in your hearts these my parting words: Be ashamed to die until you have won some victory for humanity.”

Beloñio, Catherine A.

Dela Cruz, Jem Allyah S.

Dolatre, Aiko

✅ Johannes Gutenberg's invention of the printing press in the mid-15th century dramatically transformed the dissemination of knowledge. This technology made books more affordable and accessible, leading to a significant increase in literacy and education.

✅ Humanist educators advocated for a more student-centered approach to learning, emphasizing the study of classical literature and the development of critical thinking skills.

✅ The use of visual aids, such as diagrams, maps, and illustrations, became more prevalent in educational materials. These aids helped to clarify complex concepts and make learning more engaging.

✅ The development of scientific instruments, like telescopes and microscopes, facilitated scientific research and discovery. These instruments also had educational implications, as they allowed students to observe phenomena firsthand.

✅ Educational reformers like John Amos Comenius advocated for the use of innovative teaching methods and materials. Comenius developed the "Orbis Sensualium Pictus" (The Visible World), a picture book designed to teach children Latin through images.

✅ The establishment of academies and universities in many European cities provided formal institutions for education and research. These institutions often incorporated the latest educational technologies and methodologies.

✅ As a result of the printing press and increased access to education, literacy rates began to rise, particularly among the middle and upper classes.

✅ John Locke's ideas on natural rights and the importance of education for individual development had a profound impact on educational philosophy. His emphasis on experiential learning and the cultivation of reason influenced the design of educational programs.

✅ Educational theorists like Comenius and Locke began to develop more systematic theories about the nature of learning and the best methods for teaching. These theories laid the foundation for future developments in educational technology

GROUP 14

Members:

ABADINES, Alliah Justine

HERNANDEZ, Chriselle Anne

TOLENTINO, Kyla Mae

VALLEJOS, Quennie

✅Thomas Alva Edison was an American prolific inventor for over a thousand patent under his name.

✅Best known for his Inventions and patents of light bulb, phonograph, and motion picture camera, he created an impact not just on technology, but also in education in some ways.

Gatdula, Ma. Thifanie DJ.

Ignacio, Neil DC.

Moyalde, Brylle Nikko M.

✔ The instructional theory is examined and clarified even further. The primary goal of education is still to disseminate knowledge. Instructors take a controlled and linear approach to teaching, and processes are teacher-centered.

✔ Educational opportunities continue to be limited for many. Books and other sources of knowledge lie primarily in the hands of clergymen.

✔ Peter Abelard: A philosopher from the 12th century, Abelard promoted a new way of learning through inquiry-based thinking and critical examination of texts. Instead of just memorizing, he encouraged questioning and deep thinking.

✔ Peter Lombard and St. Thomas Aquinas: These two scholars expanded on Abelard’s ideas. They developed educational theories that emphasized theological studies and a structured, teacher-driven approach.

✔ In this era, the Church had control over most education, and books were rare and precious. Only a few had access to this knowledge, primarily clergymen, who passed it down in a very controlled manner.

• Apolo, Aiyana Michaela

• Corpuz, Mikaela Ishi

• Josef, Cyrrus

• Pableo, Ianna Louie

Get to know him

• May 4, 1776 (Oldenburg, Germany) to August 14,1841 (Gottingen Germany)

  
  

Educational background

• He was educated at home by his mother and studied in Jena starting in 1794, where he became involved with Johann Gottlieb Fichte. Herbart served as a tutor at Interlaken, Switzerland, from 1797 to 1800, where he met Pestalozzi, after studying under Johann Gottlieb Fichte at Jena (1794). Although Herbart soon criticized Fichte's ideas, Fichte's focus on the ego and self-consciousness influenced Herbart's own work. He ran a pedagogical seminary there as well until 1833, when he returned to Göttingen as a philosophy professor, where he stayed until his death.

Herbartianism

Herbartianism, his philosophy of education, was primarily presented in two books: Allgemeine Pädagogik (1806), which promoted five formal processes in instruction, and Pestalozzis Idee eines A B C der Anschauung (1802), which is translated as "Pestalozzi's Idea of an A B C of Sense Perception."

1. preparation, a process of relating new material to be learned to relevant past ideas or memories in order to give the pupil a vital interest in the topic under consideration

2. presentation, presenting new material by means of concrete objects or actual experience

3. association, thorough assimilation of the new idea through comparison with former ideas and consideration of their similarities and differences in order to implant the new idea in the mind

4. generalization, a procedure especially important to the instruction of adolescents and designed to develop the mind beyond the level of perception and the concrete

5. application, using acquired knowledge not in a purely utilitarian way, but so that every learned idea becomes a part of the functional mind and an aid to a clear, vital interpretation of life. This step is presumed possible only if the student immediately applies the new idea, making it his own.

• Herbartianism focused on strengthening the morality of a child by using moral influences in the child's education. Herbartianism practitioners also used repetition in their educational methods, repeating core principles each year while adding new educational objectives.

Education

• He believed in the idea that education should be a key consideration in university studies. His works emphasized the need for developing moral education informed by experience.

• The first distinction – between teaching and learning – he defined as the subject of pedagogy, and the latter distinction – between objective and subjective character – as a matter of ethics.

Cornelio, Ericka Mae

Mangalus, Zaira

Sebastian, Josh

• The different developments in the classical era laid the groundwork for future educational practices, including standardized testing, formal curricula development, and textbook use. The innovations and ideas developed during this time continue influencing our understanding of learning and teaching.

• The educational system blended rigorous intellectual study, ethical development, and communal living, reflecting his belief in the profound connection between mathematics, morality, and the cosmos.

  
  

• It is believed that in written communication, chiseled stone was used to convey writings. Parchment, usually from animal skins, and papyrus were used to create manuscripts and scrolls. Preservation of texts is also used, (monastic scriptoria).
  
  

Ale, Liela Mariz D.

Baleña, Daisy M.

Chua, Micaella Julien P.

⭐ The period between 500-300 B.C. in Ancient Greece saw the emergence of several influential educational philosophies that shaped the way knowledge was acquired and transmitted. These philosophies, largely attributed to prominent thinkers like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, emphasized different approaches to learning and the role of education in society.

⭐ This chapter will be focused on the educational philosophies and practices of the above-mentioned philosophers, sophists, and those educational tools which paved the way for the development of educational technology in the 21st century.

1. Educational Philosophy and Practice:

- Socrates (c. 470–399 B.C.): Socrates is renowned for his method of dialectical questioning, known as the Socratic Method, which involves asking a series of questions to stimulate critical thinking and illuminate ideas (Vlastos, 1991). Socrates emphasized the importance of ethics and virtue in education, advocating for the development of moral character alongside intellectual growth.

- Plato (c. 427–347 B.C.): A student of Socrates, Plato founded the Academy in Athens around 387 B.C. (Kraut, 2018). His educational philosophy focused on the theory of Forms and the ideal state, and he emphasized a broad curriculum that included subjects like mathematics, astronomy, and dialectics (Plato, trans. 1997). Plato's ideas on education were aimed at producing well-rounded citizens capable of contributing to an ideal society.

- Aristotle (384–322 B.C.): Aristotle, a student of Plato, established the Lyceum in 336 B.C. (Ross, 1995). His approach to education was more empirical compared to Plato's abstract theorizing. Aristotle emphasized the study of nature and the importance of practical knowledge in his educational framework, influencing various fields such as logic, metaphysics, and ethics (Aristotle, trans. 1984).

2. The Sophists:

- The Sophists, such as Protagoras (c. 490–420 B.C.) and Gorgias (c. 483–375 B.C.), were itinerant teachers who specialized in teaching rhetoric and public speaking, skills essential for participation in the democratic processes of Athens (Kerferd, 1981). They employed techniques such as engaging students in debates and discussions, which can be seen as an early form of interactive learning (Gorgias, trans. 2000). The Sophists' focus on practical skills and persuasion was crucial in shaping the educational landscape of the time.

3. The Emergence of Classrooms:

- The concept of structured learning environments began to take shape during this period. Philosophers and educators would gather students in specific areas designated for instruction and discourse (Dillon, 2006). This early form of the classroom facilitated group learning and intellectual exchange, laying the groundwork for contemporary educational settings.

Ramirez, Rogelle Immanuelle B.

Salonga, Rafa Amiel M.

Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi is a Swiss social reformer and educator, known as the Father of Modern Education. The Modern Era of Education started with him and his spirit and ideas led to the great educational reforms in Europe in the nineteenth century.

He advocated education of the poor and emphasized teaching methods designed to strengthen the student’s own abilities. Pestalozzi’s method became widely accepted, and most of his principles have been absorbed into modern elementary education.

Object Learning

The Hands element of Pestalozzi's teaching philosophy underscores the importance of learning through doing. He believed that children learn best when they can engage with their environment physically and actively participate in their education. This approach promotes the idea that knowledge is not merely acquired through abstract thinking or rote memorization, but rather through practical experience and direct interaction with materials and the world around them.

Heart-led: Head, Heart, Hands

In line with his advocacy, he believed in the importance of the holistic development of children. He emphasized the need to gain knowledge and skills, hone one's social and moral development, and focus on real-life applications of education.

Cabusas, Rymir D.

Centeno, Jericho R.

Ventura, Ansley B.

Born: August 31, 1870

Chiaravalle, Italy

Death: May 6, 1952

Noordwijk, Netherlands

During her time, social, cultural, and educational reform is significant. It is the rise of urbanization, industrialization, and advancements of Science and Technology.

Education was traditional and authoritarian in nature. With industrialization and fast progression is happening: Education is meant to prepare individuals in workforce. Mass education is considered and gender role is still a factor.

Only then that Maria Montessori created what people has called the Montessori Method:

The Montessori Method - involves children's natural interests and activities rather than formal teaching

methods. It places an emphasis on hands-on learning and developing real-world skills. Discourages some

conventional measures of achievement such as grades and tests.

Summary:

Before Maria: Their prevailing attitude towards children tends to be hierarchical and authoritarian. Children were seen as passive recipients of knowledge and were expected to follow the rules and expectations of adults.

With Maria's Influence: She sees the children as active participants in their own education, wherein they are cable to direct themselves and explore. Their own process is respected.

• Born on February 11, 1847, in Milan, Ohio, Edison grew up in Port Huron, Michigan

• An American inventor who is considered one of America's leading businessmen and innovators.

• Edison lost his hearing due to a train incident in which his ears were injured.

• At age of 11, he showed a voracious appetite for knowledge that led him developed a process for self-education and learning independently. At 12, Edison began publishing his small newspaper, the Grand Trunk Herald.

• At the age of 15, he became a telegrapher after the father of the child he saved taught him how to operate a telegraph.

• His first wife was Mary Stilwell that died after 13 years and he was later remarried to Mina Miller.

• Died on October 18, 1931, due to complications wit5h diabetes.

EDISON’S KEY INVENTIONS, ACHIEVEMENTS, AND CONTIBUTIONS

• Received approximately 1093 US Patent. He has about 500 to 600 unfinished unsuccessful or abandoned inventions.

Incandescent Light Bulb  

• His own version of a light bulb became the first to be commercially practical and widely adopted by the public.

• This allowed schools to extend learning hours and create better-lit, more conducive environments for study.

Phonograph

• A mechanical device used to record and reproduce sound.

• When speaking into the receiver, the sound vibration of the voice would cause a needle to create indentations on a drum wrapped with tin foil. Later Edison would adopt cylinders and discs to permanently record music.

• The first recorded message of Thomas Edison speaking was “Mary had a little lamb”.

• It enabled recorded lectures, language lessons, and educational audio materials to be distributed, making learning more accessible, especially for students in remote areas or those with disabilities.

Telegraph

• Automatic telegraphs - embossed special indents into a rotating cardboard disc with a needle powered by an electromagnet. It would then form a recorded message that could be transmitted without an operator.

• Quadruplex Telegraph - a device that sends 4 simultaneous messages over a single wire.

• Wireless Telegraph - for radio communications between ships that worked using a vibrator magnet instead of an electromagnetic wave.

Kinetoscope

• An invention by Edison and W. K. L. Dickson

• A single-viewer device that use a continuous strip of film passed rapidly bet a lens and an electric light bulb.

• Lead to the development of other film projector that later became a staple in classrooms, enhancing the learning experience by providing visual examples and bringing complex subjects to life.

• He incorrectly predicts that the motion picture will replace textbooks in a classroom.

Tasimeter

• An infrared-detecting device that is used to measure minute temperature changes in heat emitted from Sun's corona.

• This invention contributed to education especially in Science during the Solar Eclipse expedition in 1878.

Electrographic Vote Recorder

• First patent of Edison

• The device was made with the goal of helping legislators in the US Congress record their votes in a quicker fashion than the voice vote system.

Electric Pen

• First electric copy machine to create copies of his notes.

• This invention would not only be a precursor to the copy machine, but the tattoo pen as well.

Bautista, Mia Raecel T.

Lumasac, Ashley

Tolentino, Joseph Edward