Work, Class, and the European Dream by Aina Servera

1750-1850- The Birth of the Working Class

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Industrial Revolution & social upheaval

1750s-1850

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Early Industrial Revolution in Britain- shift from agrarian to industrial labor.

1830s-1840s

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Urbanization, rise of factories, and poor working conditions

1848

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Revolutions across Europe → first working-class political consciousness.

1850-1914- Class Consciousness and the European Dream of Progress

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Industrial expansion, socialism, reform.

1860-1870

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Marxism and social democracy spread (SPD in Germany, Labour movements in Britain and Scandinavia).

1880-1910

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Worker protections emerge, unionization, suffrage expansions.

1890s-1914

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European imperialism fuels industrial economies. The “dream” now tied to empire.

1914-1945 Crisis and reimagining the worker

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War, depression, totalitarianism.

1914- 1918

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WWI, workers mobilized for war → rise of class resentment.

1917 Russian Revolution

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First socialist state--> global impact on labor politics.

1930s

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Great Depression→ unemployment and fascism’s promise of stability.

1939-1945

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WWII. Total war economy, resistance movements.

1954-1991 Welfare, Work, and the Good Life

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The European Dream realized (for some).

1945-1950

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Welfare state expansion, Marshall Plan, “never again” mentality.

1960-1070

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Golden Age of growth, unions at peak strength, consumer society emerges.

1980s

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Neoliberalism begins to challenge state intervention, unemployment rises again.

1991-Present

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Work redefined in post-industrial Europe.

1990s

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Fall of USSR → market economy spread eastward.

2000

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EU enlargement; migration and labor mobility reshape class dynamics.

2008

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Financial crisis → rise of gig economy, insecurity.

2010-2020

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Green transitions, automation, youth unemployment, populism.