Give students frequent opportunities to write in response to what they are reading (informal quick writes, writing to learn embedded in the content). 

Provide lots of daily opportunities for students to write, for lots of different purposes.  

Explicitly teach and model writing skills and the steps of the writing process, including ideas generation, planning, drafting, revising, editing, and publishing. 

Expose students to models of complex text through read-aloud of complex texts. 

Analyze complex sentences from books together to build syntactic and grammatical awareness.

Engage students in “shared writing” or “interactive writing” to model effective writing skills (including ideas generation, handwriting, grammar, syntax and sentence construction, revision, etc). 

Pair reading and writing with discourse (i.e. use conversation and collaboration as a scaffold). 

Read students’ writing, and give students specific, bite-sized, and actionable feedback on their writing, paired with opportunities for revision and additional practice.

Teach and practice transcription skills (spelling, handwriting) so that it doesn’t become a barrier to writing fluency later. 

Create a collaborative community of writers where written work is developed, shared, critiqued, and celebrated together.