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      <title>Important steps to develop a test by Franziska Puthen</title>
      <link>https://padlet.com/franziskaputhen/lybnqzsaisld</link>
      <description></description>
      <language>en-us</language>
      <pubDate>2019-11-04 19:05:02 UTC</pubDate>
      <lastBuildDate>2025-12-04 23:11:22 UTC</lastBuildDate>
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         <title>High quality classroom tests - what&#39;s important?</title>
         <author>franziskaputhen</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/franziskaputhen/lybnqzsaisld/wish/406470012</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2019-11-04 19:14:50 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/franziskaputhen/lybnqzsaisld/wish/406470012</guid>
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         <title>objectivity</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/franziskaputhen/lybnqzsaisld/wish/406731140</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>validity<br><br>reliability<br><br>feasability</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2019-11-05 09:20:27 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/franziskaputhen/lybnqzsaisld/wish/406731239</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>specify the purpose<br><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2019-11-05 09:20:44 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/franziskaputhen/lybnqzsaisld/wish/406731239</guid>
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         <title>table of test specifications </title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/franziskaputhen/lybnqzsaisld/wish/406731242</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2019-11-05 09:20:44 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>Purpose of the exam</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/franziskaputhen/lybnqzsaisld/wish/406731289</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2019-11-05 09:20:55 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/franziskaputhen/lybnqzsaisld/wish/406731289</guid>
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         <title>Criterion- and Norm-Referenced Assessment</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/franziskaputhen/lybnqzsaisld/wish/406731315</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2019-11-05 09:21:00 UTC</pubDate>
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      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/franziskaputhen/lybnqzsaisld/wish/406731369</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>item specification<br><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2019-11-05 09:21:12 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/franziskaputhen/lybnqzsaisld/wish/406731369</guid>
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         <title>operationalisation</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/franziskaputhen/lybnqzsaisld/wish/406731490</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><br><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2019-11-05 09:21:35 UTC</pubDate>
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      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/franziskaputhen/lybnqzsaisld/wish/406731527</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>clear and explicit formulations<br><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2019-11-05 09:21:43 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/franziskaputhen/lybnqzsaisld/wish/406731527</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>item vs task</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/franziskaputhen/lybnqzsaisld/wish/406731567</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2019-11-05 09:21:54 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/franziskaputhen/lybnqzsaisld/wish/406731567</guid>
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      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/franziskaputhen/lybnqzsaisld/wish/406731606</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>explicit construction<br><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2019-11-05 09:22:01 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/franziskaputhen/lybnqzsaisld/wish/406731606</guid>
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         <title>evaluate own test afterwards</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/franziskaputhen/lybnqzsaisld/wish/406731658</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2019-11-05 09:22:09 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>Test specification </title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/franziskaputhen/lybnqzsaisld/wish/406731716</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2019-11-05 09:22:23 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/franziskaputhen/lybnqzsaisld/wish/406731716</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>try your test with other students (older or younger)</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/franziskaputhen/lybnqzsaisld/wish/406731770</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2019-11-05 09:22:35 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/franziskaputhen/lybnqzsaisld/wish/406731770</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>used to plan a test and to increase the quality of the test and to increase the clarity of information the test provides</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/franziskaputhen/lybnqzsaisld/wish/406733407</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2019-11-05 09:27:41 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/franziskaputhen/lybnqzsaisld/wish/406733407</guid>
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         <title>helps us to define what we intend to measure, provides an overview of our operational definition of the construct</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/franziskaputhen/lybnqzsaisld/wish/406734023</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2019-11-05 09:29:47 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/franziskaputhen/lybnqzsaisld/wish/406734023</guid>
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         <title>Mandate</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/franziskaputhen/lybnqzsaisld/wish/406734242</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2019-11-05 09:30:32 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/franziskaputhen/lybnqzsaisld/wish/406734242</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Scoring and Rating:</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/franziskaputhen/lybnqzsaisld/wish/406734283</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>- specific marking instructions = increasing reliability</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2019-11-05 09:30:38 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/franziskaputhen/lybnqzsaisld/wish/406734283</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>headings: competence, time in minutes, weight, number of items/tasks, item/task type and resources</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/franziskaputhen/lybnqzsaisld/wish/406734589</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2019-11-05 09:31:39 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/franziskaputhen/lybnqzsaisld/wish/406734589</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Purpose</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/franziskaputhen/lybnqzsaisld/wish/406734825</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Mandate motivates the Purpose</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2019-11-05 09:32:23 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/franziskaputhen/lybnqzsaisld/wish/406734825</guid>
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      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/franziskaputhen/lybnqzsaisld/wish/406735141</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>main goal: test results have to discriminate between learners <br><br>Ebel's guidelines:<br>above 0.4 = high quality items <br>below 0.2 = low quality items</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2019-11-05 09:33:19 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/franziskaputhen/lybnqzsaisld/wish/406735141</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Test takers‘ perspective </title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/franziskaputhen/lybnqzsaisld/wish/406735320</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2019-11-05 09:33:53 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/franziskaputhen/lybnqzsaisld/wish/406735320</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Rating Scales:</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/franziskaputhen/lybnqzsaisld/wish/406735339</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>- Mastery Scales (pass/fail evaluation)<br>- Holistic Scales (performance in general)<br>- Analytic Scale (specific features of performance; more detailed)</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2019-11-05 09:33:58 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/franziskaputhen/lybnqzsaisld/wish/406735339</guid>
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         <title>next steps: actually write the items and taks</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/franziskaputhen/lybnqzsaisld/wish/406735767</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2019-11-05 09:35:27 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/franziskaputhen/lybnqzsaisld/wish/406735767</guid>
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         <title>item: often referred to as a discrete measure</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/franziskaputhen/lybnqzsaisld/wish/406736031</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>e.g. multiple choice</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2019-11-05 09:36:24 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/franziskaputhen/lybnqzsaisld/wish/406736031</guid>
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         <title>task: more complex and involves a performance</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/franziskaputhen/lybnqzsaisld/wish/406736143</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>e.g. summary</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2019-11-05 09:36:47 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/franziskaputhen/lybnqzsaisld/wish/406736143</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Test Administration and Analysis</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/franziskaputhen/lybnqzsaisld/wish/406736268</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>-Analysis of item and task difficulty<br>-Task and item discrimination<br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2019-11-05 09:37:21 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/franziskaputhen/lybnqzsaisld/wish/406736268</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Construct(s)</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/franziskaputhen/lybnqzsaisld/wish/406736466</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>what we intend to measure<br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2019-11-05 09:38:09 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/franziskaputhen/lybnqzsaisld/wish/406736466</guid>
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