Manchester used to be the center of the cotton industry.

The textile industries were abundant in wealth, but the profits were shared unequally.

The transformation of Manchester highly depended on slave trade.

Cotton shaped and changed Manchester to an urban metropolis.

They imported over a million tons of cotton yearly.

80% of cotton was processed by enslaved people.

The desired amount of cotton produced only because of human exploitation.

Manchester became the worlds first industrial city during the 19th century.

Cotton mills proliferated, driving massive growth in manufacturing and employment.

Steam engines revolutionized production, increasing efficiency in textile factories.

The population exploded, attracting workers from rural areas and abroad.

Child labor was widespread, with harsh conditions in factories and mills.

Railways expanded, linking Manchester to other industrial cities and ports.

The city’s wealth grew, but so did poverty and overcrowded living.

Jacquard loom ties together Manchester’s most important historic industries.

He revolutionized how cloth could be woven with his Jacquard machine.

This machine made complex and detailed patterns in a fraction of the time it took a master weaver and his assistant.

This invention made patterned cloth’s price to drop so low!

It was now mass produced for the wide wind market of consumers.

This machine essentially took 2 peoples jobs and increased productivity.

It was able to do this because of its unique nature and holes.

By the 1820s his technology already spread to Britain where it was an instant hit.

Manchester was the world’s best cotton industry of the industrial revolution, dubbed as the “cottonopolis”

Growing up to 1 billion tons of raw cotton annually.

This absurd amount of cotton was mainly picked by slaves in cotton fields, allowing for lowered prices at the expense of the slaves.

Heavily contributing to the transatlantic slave trade bettween multiple countries.

While also leading to the extremely successful and wealthy Textile Industry.

Burning fossil fuels was and still is a primary source of air pollution for a source of energy.

The 19th century in Manchester was when coal was established as the main source of energy for powering the industry

The use of fossil fuels caused pollution which resulted in people suffering from the poor air quality 

‘ Shock City’, the world's first industrial city, is covered in smoke, dirt, and an awful stench from the chimneys used in the factories.

coal powered steam engines were the primary reason for the success for the city's cotton mills, making the air smell and difficult to breathe in.

mid 1840s about 500 smoking industrial chimneys on manchester's skyline and constantly increased

Coal smoke created many opportunities for the industry but had many consequences for the residents

smoke started to represent economic success and technological progress

In October of 1989, the brewing section was purchased by a company’s called the Whitbread Beer Company.

- But then after 227 years of operation, a decision was made to finally close down the Strangeways site in 2005.

At Hyde’s brewery, Boddingtons beer was under license at this brewery, but closed sown in 2012. This indicates that Boddington’s beer is no longer brewed in Manchester.

They were supported by a famous place , ‘Cream of Manchester’ which was advertising campaign. This helped to catapult Boddington into the national arena

Boddington was forced to fight off many attempts to take over the brewery.

Memebers of the Boddington family continued to run the business until the year 1989.

While Boddington was under Whitbread, a large-scale investment into their Strangeways site allowed the brewing to increase all their production by a massive landslide.

Boddingtons beer was brewed for 227 years and it is supposedly believed that the Brewery was founded in 1778.

Grain merchants, Thomas Caister and Thomas Fray founded Strangeways Brewery (Bonndingtons Brewery).

Henry Boddington arrived at the brewery and was made a business partner soon a sole proprietor.

In 1870s and 1880s it was the time when Bonndingtons Brewery expanded. Many other breweries were brought during this time. Soon Bonndingtons breweries became the strongest in Manchester.

One of the only company of 30 to brew more than 100,000 barrels and own houses.

Bonndingtons Breweries became the first company to install a telephone link between two of its breweries.

Due to the First World War and the Great Depression it became a stronger company in North West England.

On 22 December 1940, a huge air raid hit the brewery causing months of fixing. This made the Bonndingtons take opportunity to make the brewery modern.

Boddingtons beer was founded by Thomas Caister and Thomas Fray in 1778 

Caister and Fray did not want to pay taxes to the Manchester Grammar schools so they built the brewery right outside Manchester

Henry Boddington worked for the company but within 16 years, he became a partner. 5 years later he owned the business by himself

Owned 71 houses available to the public, and had the ability to brew over 100,000 barrels a year

Eventually, the brewery became a family business with Boddingtons three sons joining the management.

This business was the first business to install a telephone at two of their locations

After 162 years of business, the brewery fell apart due to a disastrous air raid.

The urban air pollution in Manchester was known as “The Smoke Nuisance.”

By the mid-1840s, there were about 500 industrial chimneys in Manchester with the number steadily increasing.

The smoke was deemed a sign of economic success by wealthy industrialists, engineers, factory workers, etc.

Burning coals and fossil fuels was the primary cause of air pollution. Coal smoke leads to heart and respiratory diseases.

As engines got bigger and more were installed, more coal was consumed and the more smoke was put into the air.

In 1842, the Manchester Association for the Prevention of Smoke was founded. This organization fought for solutions for the smoke nuisance.

In 1956, the Clean Air Act established smokeless zones, which improved air quality significantly.

Boddingtons beer brewed beer for 227 years, believed to have started in 1778 and ended in 2005.

On August 26 1856, William Henry Perkin Patented the world’s first Synthetic Dye.

Perkin was a research chemist, and was curious from a young age.

The dye was an accidental discovery.

Perkin’s notebook in which he recorded his findings in is now in the City of London School.

Perkin called the color on the silk in his recordings mauve, and then named his unique synthetic dye mauveine.

Perkins made a fortune off of it, and the dye changed the dyeing industry forever.

The textile dye had the same chemical structure as mauveine ( aniline purple).

Perkin’s hid from his competitors in France and Germany that there were other ways to make they dye by changing its key components.

children borrowed these clogs because they were poor

Children were forced to work for long hours at a time

Children were forced to work in super hot temps.

child labor as allowed back then

Poor families would send their kids to the factories for money

They were not receiving education

They were mistreated

They used children. To work in mills

Children worked in farms too.

The Liverpool and Manchester Railway was the worlds first intercity railway.

Opened on September 15, 1830

Built to connect the port city of Liverpool with the industrial city of Manchester.

Facilitated faster movement of goods, mostly cotton, between the two cities

One of the first railways to carry passengers and freight

Built by George Stephenson, and it took 4 years for him and his team to build 63 bridges across the valleys.

After only a month of its opening, 1,200 passengers were traveling by rail.

The railway significantly boosted industrial growth and also set standards for future railway development around the world.

Strangeways Brewery in Manchester was founded in 1778, it was founded by grain merchants. The merchants were Thomas Caister and Thomas Fray.

Boddingtons beer was was brewed for 227 years. The last days of brewing that were recorded was in 2005.

Boddingtons was a family business runner by Henry Boddingtons. Three of his suns also joined their father in managing the brewery.

The 1870s-1880s was a big time of expansion at Boddingtons.

On 22 in December 1940, the  brewery was struck whenever Manchester had gotten hit by a massive air raid. Leading the site to be highly damaged and the brewery was forced to shut down for seven months while getting repaired.

In 1994 Boddingtons production increased from 200,00 to 600,000 barrels. This was after making a large-scale investment under Whitebread in the Strangeways site.

In 2005 was whenever the decision to close down the Strangeways site happened. Although this beer was said to be brewed at another brewery before as well until 2012. This was when that brewery had closed as well.

The pollution in city’s would cause big health problems to the people

As Manchester was producing cotton industry, coal-powered steam engines drove the city’s towering cotton mills, filling the air with a lot of smoke

People would have to suffer through dark skies, dirty homes, dirty clothes, and diseases

The urban pollution is known as ‘the smoke nusiance’

The first steam powered cotton mill was built in 1782 by Richard Arkwright in Manchester

Around the 1840’s there were about 500 industrial chimneys in Manchester’s skyline which caused harmful living conditions

Coal smoke was associated with the thriving industry even, with Manchester’s residents and workers

Sir William Henry Peterkin was a research scientist, who at 18 was on his second year of working as Hofmann’s research assistant.

During the Easter holidays he got tasked with oxidizing aniline using potassium dichromate.

The oxidization made a black substance that dyed silk purple after the color was removed.

He wrote down all his findings in a notebook, now housed in the museum on loan from the City of London School.

He called the color mauve and named the substance Mauveine

He took out a patent on his accidental discovery on August 26, 1856 and it was one of the first mass produced chemical dyes.

This accidental discovery led to a great fortune for Peterkin, letting him retire at age 36.

Cotton built Manchester. It helped support ideas, stability on financial funds, and etc. But cotton wasn’t only beneficial, it was also destroying. Labour became a huge problem, not only wearing out kids but also women.

Sir william Henry Perkin was a research chemist working as Hofmanns research assistant at 18 years old.

In 1856, perkin was assigned a task by the head of royal college.

This was to oxidize aniline using potassium dichromate, a colourless aromatic oil derived from coal tar.

During his experiments he found that the oxidation made a black substance that dyed silk purple after the color was removed.

He called his latest and greatest invention maunevine.

His thoughts and conclusions of the experiment are in his notebook, which the museum holds on loan from the city of London school.

His discorveres made him very wealthy and changed the dyeing industry.

The unexpected find he made was among the first mass produced chemical dyes at the time and made his name big in the chemistry industry.

After this, Perkins retired at 36 and spent the rest of his life carrying out research in other areas of chemistry.