EPORTFOLIO EIC404 : UNIQUE ARCHITECTURE OF DIFFERENT ETHNICS IN MALAYSIA by SITI AISYAH NOR AZMI https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9 NAME: SITI AISYAH BINTI NOR AZMI MATRIC NUMBER: 2021823268 LG2431B en-us 2021-11-08 11:51:10 UTC 2025-04-24 09:33:51 UTC hello@padlet.com 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1875427713 Assalamualaikum and greetings. My name is Siti Aisyah Binti Nor Azmi, currently studying in Bachelor of Degree in Applied Language Studies (Hons) English for Intercultural Communication in UiTM Shah Alam.

Welcome to the cultural padlet I have prepared for the EIC404 ePortfolio task assigned by Dr. Maizura Mohd Noor, specifically to explain the architecture of different ethnics in Malaysia. The ethnics I have chosen are Iban, Melanau, Minangkabau, The Chinese Peranakan and Bajau Laut. I will touch on the traditional architecture of every ethnic I chose and what it is that makes them unique.]]> 2021-11-08 15:26:04 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1875427713 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1875435901 1. INTRODUCTION
2. IBAN
  • Demographic Profile
  • Traditional Ibanese Longhouse
  • Diagrammatic Plan and Section
  • Front Section
  • Middle Section
  • Back Section
  • Contemporary Ibanese Longhouse
3. MELANAU
  • Demographic Profile
  • Melanau Tall Longhouse
  • Design and Plan
  • Materials Used
  • Spatial Layout
  • Melanau of Modern Days 
4. MINANGKABAU
  • Demographic Profile
  • Differences of Rumah Gadang 
  • Rumah Gadang in N.Sembilan
  • Spatial Layout
  • Diagrammatic Plan
  • Applications of Wood Carvings
  • Minangkabau of Modern Days
5. CHINESE PERANAKAN
  • Demographic Profile
  • Chinese Peranakan Shophouse
  • Types of Shophouse and Floors
  • Interior Elements
  • Shophouse’s Courtyard 
6. SAMA-BAJAU
  • Demographic Profile
  • Sama-Bajau Coastal House
  • Diagrammatic Plan
  • Interior and Spatial Arrangements
  • Architectural Elements
7. REFLECTION
8. REFERENCES
]]> 2021-11-08 15:28:22 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1875435901 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1875460063 image source: https://sarawaktourism.com/story/experience-the-iban-lifestyle/]]> 2021-11-08 15:35:07 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1875460063 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1875592136 image source: https://mmstudies.com/matriarchies/minangkabau/]]> 2021-11-08 16:15:11 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1875592136 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1875596098 image source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wedding_portrait_of_a_Peranakan_couple.jpg]]> 2021-11-08 16:16:26 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1875596098 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1875602238 Image source: http://www.pulaumabul.com/bajau-laut-sea-gypsies/]]> 2021-11-08 16:18:25 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1875602238 The Traditional Ibanese Longhouse 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1876164305  image source: https://www.gayatravel.com.my/aiman-batang-ai-a-refreshing-take-on-the-land-of-borneo/

]]> 2021-11-08 19:34:59 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1876164305 The Diagrammatic Plan and Section 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1876182356
•As shown above, the design of the Dayak Longhouse is divided by sections. 

•The sections are;-
1) Tanju
2) Pantar
3) Ruai
4) Bilek
5) Tempuan
6) Dapur

image source: https://kuchinginandout.com/2020/04/17/history-and-architecture-of-the-longhouse/]]> 2021-11-08 19:42:16 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1876182356 The Front Section 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1876215174 image source: https://www.dreamstime.com/photos-images/unique-veranda.html]]> 2021-11-08 19:55:48 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1876215174 The Middle Section 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1876230921 source image: https://www.tripsavvy.com/visiting-an-iban-longhouse-1458456]]> 2021-11-08 20:02:50 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1876230921 The Back Section 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1876256682 source image: https://www.selectiveasia.com/borneo-holidays/hotel/iban-longhouse]]> 2021-11-08 20:14:34 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1876256682 Contemporary Ibanese Longhouse 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1876262953 Image source: https://www.heritage.arch.cam.ac.uk/publications/spotlight-on/borneo-longhouse]]> 2021-11-08 20:17:23 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1876262953 The Design of Modern Longhouse 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1876271846 Image source: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/top-Rumah-Matop-near-Betong-Sarawak-Malaysia-Main-entry-porch-to-the-end-of-the_fig1_307763045]]> 2021-11-08 20:21:35 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1876271846 The Melanau Tall Longhouse 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1877083506 Image source: https://www.pinterest.com/pin/9710955417351061/]]> 2021-11-09 03:20:27 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1877083506 Demographic Profile of Ibanese 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1886195108 • The Iban, are believed to have migrated from the headwaters of the Kapuas River in the central highlands of Borneo from several hundreds of years ago.

• They are known as one of the largest native groups in Sarawak today.

• They are also referred to as the Sea Dayaks.

Reference:
Simonson, T. S., Xing, J., Barrett, R., Jerah, E., Loa, P., Zhang, Y., Watkins, W. S., Witherspoon, D. J., Huff, C. D., Woodward, S., Mowry, B., & Jorde, L. B. (2011). Ancestry of the Iban is predominantly Southeast Asian: genetic evidence from autosomal, mitochondrial, and Y chromosomes. PloS one, 6(1). Retrieved November 12, 2021, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3031551/]]> 2021-11-12 08:50:44 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1886195108 The Ibanese Longhouse 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1886271664
  • The Ibanese are quite well known for their longhouse.

    • Each longhouse has its own head, called ‘Tuai’ which is appointed by the residents themselves.

    • A longhouse can fit many families under one roof and each family has their own personal space.
    Reference:
    Mahayuddin, S. A. & Zaharuddin, W. & Harun, S. & Ismail, B. (2017). Assessment of Building Typology and Construction Method of Traditional Longhouse. Procedia Engineering, 180, p. 1015-1023. Retrieved November 12, 2021, from 
    https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317621874_Assessment_of_Building_Typology_and_Construction_Method_of_Traditional_Longhouse
    ]]>     2021-11-12 09:43:27 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1886271664     The Front Section of Ibanese Longhouse 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1886378661 The Front Section
    • Tanju or in other words, veranda, is the front part of the longhouse. 

    • This section is usually uncovered as it is used as a lounge area and a drying space.
    Reference:
    Anjang, J. & Naning, F. & Yiu, P. H. & Wong, T. J. & Feng, K. & Hanafi, H. (2021). Longhouse Combustibility: A Study on Architectural Design and Construction Materials. Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences, 80, p. 33-41. Retrieved November 12, 2021, from 
    https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349420356_Longhouse_Combustibility_A_Study_on_Architectural_Design_and_Construction_Materials
    ]]>     2021-11-12 10:58:59 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1886378661     The Middle Section of Ibanese Longhouse 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1886380815
    • The middle section of the longhouse consists of the pantar and the ruai. 

    • The pantar is known as a sub-space, that is connecting the tanju(veranda) to the ruai.

    • The ruai or also known as the main gallery is the space where daily activities like handcrafting are being held at. 

    • Examples of ceremonies held at the Ruai:-
       1) Festivals (eg: Gawai)
       2) Formal ceremonies (eg: Funerals)

    Reference:
    Anjang, J. & Naning, F. & Yiu, P. H. & Wong, T. J. & Feng, K. & Hanafi, H. (2021). Longhouse Combustibility: A Study on Architectural Design and Construction Materials. Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences, 80, p. 33-41. Retrieved November 12, 2021, from 
    https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349420356_Longhouse_Combustibility_A_Study_on_Architectural_Design_and_Construction_Materials
    ]]>     2021-11-12 11:00:43 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1886380815     The Back Section of Ibanese Longhouse 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1886382635
  • Further back of the longhouse is where the bilek, tempuan and dapur located at.

    • The bilek is separated from other spaces as it acts as a private space for each family and it is where they eat, sleep and keep their belongings.

    • Tempuan is known as the aisle, connecting the bilek to the dapur. 

    • The dapur or kitchen is where families gather to cook, though sometimes they do cooking preparations in other spaces as well.
    Reference:
    Anjang, J. & Naning, F. & Yiu, P. H. & Wong, T. J. & Feng, K. & Hanafi, H. (2021). Longhouse Combustibility: A Study on Architectural Design and Construction Materials. Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences, 80, p. 33-41. Retrieved November 12, 2021, from 
    https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349420356_Longhouse_Combustibility_A_Study_on_Architectural_Design_and_Construction_Materials
    ]]>     2021-11-12 11:02:18 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1886382635     2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1886421667 image source: https://sarawaktourism.com/story/experience-the-iban-lifestyle/]]> 2021-11-12 11:28:43 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1886421667 Demographic Profile of Melanau Community 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1886598118
  • The Melanau, covering 5% of the population, is one of the minor indigenous groups in Sarawak. 

    • They are considered among the earliest settlers in Sarawak and they dominate the central part of Sarawak.

    • They did not refer to themselves as 'Melanau' until recently as they call themselves 'A-likou' which means 'people of the river'.
    Reference:

    Morsili, H. & Harun, K. & Abu Bakar, A. (2017). Language Choice of Melanau Community in DARO District, Sarawak. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7(10), p. 249-254. Retrieved November 12, 2021, from                        
    https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325121062_Language_Choice_of_Melanau_Community_in_DARO_District_Sarawak


    ]]>     2021-11-12 13:25:07 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1886598118     Contemporary Ibanese Longhouse 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1887930499
  • To this day, the Iban people still live with the company of others under one roof. 
  • The contemporary Ibanese longhouse adapts few of modern houses qualities while still maintaining the spatial characteristics of the original Ibanese longhouse.
  • Instead of wood and bamboo, their longhouses are made of bricks and cement. 
  • They also have more modern necessities making it more comfortable and convenient to live in.
    • Reference:
    Beynon, D. (2013). The contemporary Iban longhouse: The sustenance and applicability of a socio-spatial culture. The International Journal of Social Sustainability in Economic, Social, And Cultural Context,  9, p. 87-98. Retrieved November 12, 2021, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/290520430_The_contemporary_Iban_longhouse_The_sustenance_and_applicability_of_a_socio-spatial_culture
    ]]>     2021-11-13 06:39:10 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1887930499     The Traditional Melanau Tall Longhouse 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1887967358
  • The Ibanese are not the only ones living in a longhouse, as there are a few other ethnic groups that do so.

    • The Melanau, however live in a different type of longhouse than other groups; the tall longhouse.

    • This particular longhouse is well known for its height and has 3 different levels; the lower level, main level and upper level.
    Reference:
    Bahauddin, A. & Musadat, A. M. S. A. (2018). The Traditional Architecture of the Melanau Tall Longhouse, Mukah, Sarawak. 7th International Conference on Local Knowledge, 45, p. 1-7. Retrieved November 12, 2021, from   
    https://www.shs-conferences.org/articles/shsconf/pdf/2018/06/shsconf_iclk2018_01002.pdf


    ]]>     2021-11-13 07:44:57 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1887967358     The Design and Plan of The Melanau Tall Longhouse 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1887980702 Image source: https://www.shs-conferences.org/articles/shsconf/pdf/2018/06/shsconf_iclk2018_01002.pdf]]> 2021-11-13 08:06:20 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1887980702 The Design and Plan of The Melanau Tall Longhouse 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1887981304 Image source: https://www.shs-conferences.org/articles/shsconf/pdf/2018/06/shsconf_iclk2018_01002.pdf]]> 2021-11-13 08:07:27 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1887981304 The Materials Used for The Tall Longhouse 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888010629
  • The Melanau Tall Longhouse is built with strong and resistant materials from the forest and is built 30-40 feet above ground.
  • The Belian tree trunks are used for - main structural components.
    •        Examples: 1) columns
                             2) stairs
    • The Nibong tree trunks are used for walls and are arranged in a criss-cross pattern for the flooring.
    • Sago leaves are used for the roof while sago tree trunks can be sliced and used as a part of the wall materials.
    Reference:
    Bahauddin, A. & Musadat, A. M. S. A. (2018). The Traditional Architecture of the Melanau Tall Longhouse, Mukah, Sarawak. 7th International Conference on Local Knowledge, 45, p. 1-7. Retrieved November 12, 2021, from   
    https://www.shs-conferences.org/articles/shsconf/pdf/2018/06/shsconf_iclk2018_01002.pdf


    ]]>     2021-11-13 08:50:55 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888010629     Sleeping Arrangements in The Melanau Tall Longhouse 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888097120
  • It is believed that every Melanau Tall Longhouse should be built with multiple floors to avoid loss of fortune.

    • Every level contains several ngayan tudui (bedrooms), in which a person’s gender and marital status will affect where they sleep:-
      1. Main Floor - unmarried men
      2. Upper Floor - unmarried women and married couple
    Reference:
      Bahauddin, A. & Musadat, A. M. S. A. (2017). The Melanau Cultural Influence in the Melanau Tall Longhouse Space Planning of Sarawak Political Buildings as Symbol of Political Culture. International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies, 8(4), p. 275-282. Retrieved November 12, 2021, from 
    https://tuengr.com/V08/275M.pdf
                                
    ]]>     2021-11-13 10:54:45 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888097120     Spatial Layout 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888103625 Main Floor
    • The main floor is used as a shared area for the residents
    • This floor is where the kitchen is also located. 
    • The centre space, called the Serambi (veranda) is used as a family area where any type of ceremony takes place.
    Upper Floor
    • Other than bedrooms, the upper floor is used for storing family’ assets and ceremonial artefacts.
    Lower Floor (space underneath house)
    •  The space under the house is used for various purposes.
    • Examples:-
    1. To store rice paddy and sago
    2. To place their boats
    3. The place where they put chicken coops
    Reference:
    Bahauddin, A. & Musadat, A. M. S. A. (2018) The Melanau Tall Longhouse (MTL), Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. International Journal of Architecture and Urban Studies, p. 15-22. Retrieved November 12, 2021, from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1174703
    ]]>     2021-11-13 11:05:05 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888103625     Stairs and Flooring arrangements 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888112010
  • Melanau people believe that every rung on every staircase and every step in the serambi must have odd numbers.
  • They believe that by doing so, it will bring good fortune and health to the residents.
  • On the contrary, an even number of steps are believed to cause tragedies and bring illnesses to the residents.
    • Reference:
    Bahauddin, A. & Musadat, A. M. S. A. (2018) The Melanau Tall Longhouse (MTL), Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. International Journal of Architecture and Urban Studies, p. 15-22. Retrieved November 12, 2021, from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1174703
    ]]>     2021-11-13 11:17:55 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888112010     Life of a Melanau on The Modern Days 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888117920
  • Unlike the Ibanese, Melanau people no longer live in their traditional tall longhouse.
  • The Traditional Melanau Tall Longhouse was originally built to avoid tribal wars and pirates from attacking the residents.
  • Since Sarawak has become a peaceful place to live in, the Melanau people started to live in modern individual houses.
    • Reference:
      Bahauddin, A. & Musadat, A. M. S. A. (2017). The Melanau Cultural Influence in the Melanau Tall Longhouse Space Planning of Sarawak Political Buildings as Symbol of Political Culture. International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies, 8(4), p. 275-282. Retrieved November 12, 2021, from 
    https://tuengr.com/V08/275M.pdf
    ]]>     2021-11-13 11:27:25 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888117920     The Flooring Pattern of The Serambi 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888259109 image source: https://tuengr.com/V08/275.pdf]]> 2021-11-13 14:24:25 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888259109 An example of a ritual done in the Serambi 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888259493 image source: https://tuengr.com/V08/275.pdf]]> 2021-11-13 14:24:49 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888259493 The Staircase built by the Melanau 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888260146 image source: https://tuengr.com/V08/275.pdf]]> 2021-11-13 14:25:26 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888260146 Demographic Profile of Minangkabau people in Malaysia 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888325821
  • The Minangkabau or, Minang in Malaysia, are said to be the descendants of the Minangkabau people from West Sumatera, Indonesia. 
  • They cover up a majority of the state of Negeri Sembilan in West Malaysia. 
  • Within Malaysia, the Minangkabau people refer to themselves as Orang Negeri.
    • Reference:
    Aslinda, Noviatri & Reniwati. (2015). The Trace of Minangkabau-Wise in Malaysian Language. Scientific Journal of PPI-UKM , 2(7), p. 291-295. Retrieved November 12, 2021, from https://www.kemalapublisher.com/index.php/ppi-ukm/article/view/135



    ]]>     2021-11-13 15:37:04 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888325821     The Origin of Minangkabau 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888352609 Image source:  https://www.witpress.com/Secure/elibrary/papers/ARC12/ARC12002FU1.pdf]]> 2021-11-13 16:06:17 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888352609 The Differences of Rumah Gadang (Minangkabau Traditional House) 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888359516
  • As Minangkabau people in Negeri Sembilan descended from Minangkabau people in West Sumatra, the Minangkabau traditional house in both ethnics is quite similar.
  • Both are built based on social philosophy and ritual beliefs.
  • The roofs of both types of house are different as Minangkabau House in West Sumatra has a more protruding roof.
  • The main difference can be seen in the:-
    1. Interior spatial organisation 
    2. The shape of the layout.
    Reference:
    Wahab, A. & Hanif, M. & Bahauddin, A. (2017). The Spatial Organization of the Negeri Sembilan Traditional House, Malaysia. Journal of Comparative Cultural Studies in Architecture, p. 21-28. Retrieved November 12, 2021, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320611651_The_Spatial_Organization_of_the_Negeri_Sembilan_Traditional_House_Malaysia



    ]]>     2021-11-13 16:14:43 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888359516     Rumah Gadang of Minangkabau from West Sumatra 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888371695 Image source:  https://www.witpress.com/Secure/elibrary/papers/ARC12/ARC12002FU1.pdf]]> 2021-11-13 16:30:00 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888371695 Minangkabau Traditional House in Negeri Sembilan 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888372948 Image source:  https://www.witpress.com/Secure/elibrary/papers/ARC12/ARC12002FU1.pdf]]> 2021-11-13 16:31:38 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888372948 The Rumah Gadang in Negeri Sembilan 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888402522
  • The Rumah Gadang from West Sumatra can also be found in Malaysia.
  • Rumah Gadang, in West Sumatra was originally used for living, place for rituals and for communal meeting.
  • In Malaysia, Rumah Gadang is called Minangkabau House and is not used for living but as a tourist attraction.
    • Reference:
    Bahauddin, A. & Hardono, S. & Abdullah, A. & Maliki, N. Z. (2013). The Minangkabau House: Architectural And Cultural Elements. Eco-Architecture IV, 165, p. 15-25. Retrieved November 12, 2021, from https://www.witpress.com/Secure/elibrary/papers/ARC12/ARC12002FU1.pdf


    ]]>     2021-11-13 17:08:00 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888402522     Minagkabau House in Malaysia as Tourist Attraction 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888405379 Image source: https://legendztourism.blogspot.com/2014/12/kompleks-muzium-negeri-sembilan.html]]> 2021-11-13 17:11:38 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888405379 Spatial Layout of The Minangkabau Traditional House in Negeri Sembilan 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888425099
  • Different from the Minangkabau House in West Sumatra, this Minangkabau house emphasizes more on the verandah, leaving few areas for room spaces.
  • Aside from personal living, the interior space in the house is also used for communal activities.
  • The space in the house are divided into few areas and rooms:-
    1. Verandah
    2. Main area
    3. Bedrooms
    4. Rest area
    5. Kitchens ( wet kitchen and dry kitchen)
    6. Bathroom 
    Reference:
    Bahauddin, A. & Hardono, S. & Abdullah, A. & Maliki, N. Z. (2013). The Minangkabau House: Architectural And Cultural Elements. Eco-Architecture IV, 165, p. 15-25. Retrieved November 12, 2021, from https://www.witpress.com/Secure/elibrary/papers/ARC12/ARC12002FU1.pdf


    ]]>     2021-11-13 17:38:24 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888425099     Applications of Wood Carving Art in The Minangkabau Architecture 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888437046
  • In order to cope with the climate, both Minangkabau Houses in Malaysia and West Sumatra use the same methods.
  • The interior of the house is very spacious due to the open roof design.
  • Air vents that are artistically carved out so that the air in the house will be cooler.
  • The columns are also built to provide ventilation underneath the house and are also carved artistically.
    • Reference:
    Bahauddin, A. & Hardono, S. & Abdullah, A. & Maliki, N. Z. (2013). The Minangkabau House: Architectural And Cultural Elements. Eco-Architecture IV, 165, p. 15-25. Retrieved November 12, 2021, from https://www.witpress.com/Secure/elibrary/papers/ARC12/ARC12002FU1.pdf


    ]]>     2021-11-13 17:54:55 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888437046     The Minangkabau House of Modern Days 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888443833
  • Many Minangkabau people in Negeri Sembilan have started to live in modern houses.
  • The adapted Minangkabau House in Negeri Sembilan still exists around traditional villages.
  • These houses can be found in Rembau, Kuala Pilah and Tampin, near upstreams and along the river.
    • Reference:
    Bahauddin, A. & Hardono, S. & Abdullah, A. & Maliki, N. Z. (2013). The Minangkabau House: Architectural And Cultural Elements. Eco-Architecture IV, 165, p. 15-25. Retrieved November 12, 2021, from https://www.witpress.com/Secure/elibrary/papers/ARC12/ARC12002FU1.pdf


    ]]>     2021-11-13 18:05:20 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888443833     Diagrammatic Plan of The Interior Space 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888448178 image source: https://www.witpress.com/Secure/elibrary/papers/ARC12/ARC12002FU1.pdf]]> 2021-11-13 18:12:10 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888448178 Artistically Carved Air Vents 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888450019 image source: https://www.witpress.com/Secure/elibrary/papers/ARC12/ARC12002FU1.pdf]]> 2021-11-13 18:14:51 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888450019 Artistically carved Columns 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888459163 image source: https://www.witpress.com/Secure/elibrary/papers/ARC12/ARC12002FU1.pdf]]> 2021-11-13 18:28:06 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888459163 Demographic Profile of Chinese Peranakan 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888487890
  • The Chinese Peranakan are the descendants of the Chinese Immigrants that settled in Peninsular Malaysia around the 17th century.
  • Some may know them as the Baba Nyonya people.
  •  Majority of the Chinese Peranakan live in Malacca but some can be found in Penang and Singapore.
    • Reference:
    Lee, S. K. (2008). The Peranakan Baba Nyonya culture: Resurgence or disappearance? International Journal of the Malay World and Civilisation (Formerly SARI)
    , 26, p. 161-170. Retrieved November 13, 2021, from 
    http://journalarticle.ukm.my/1125/1/The_Peranakan_Baba_Nyonya_Culture.pdf


    ]]>     2021-11-13 19:10:49 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888487890     The Shophouse of Chinese Peranakan 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888500628
  • The Chinese Peranakan is well known for their shophouse which can be found in Malacca and Penang.
  • The Chinese Peranakan families were typically made up of a Chinese trader with a local wife.
  • The main purpose of shophouses is they were built to cater to the business needs of traders.
    • Reference:
    Zwain, A. & Bahauddin, A. (2015). FengShui and Sustainable Design Applications in Interior Design – Case study: Baba Nyonya shophouses in Georgetown, Penang. Advances in Environmental Biology, 9(5), p. 32-34. Retrieved November 12, 2021, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332553443_FengShui_and_sustainable_design_applications_in_interior_design_-_case_study_Baba_Nyonya_shophouses_in_Georgetown_Penang 



    ]]>     2021-11-13 19:31:34 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888500628     The Traditional Chinese Peranakan Shophouse 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888504112 image source : https://babanyonyaculture.wordpress.com/2016/08/13/baba-nyonya-building/]]> 2021-11-13 19:35:04 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888504112 Types of Chinese Peranakan Shophouses and Floors 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888523421
  • The Chinese Peranakan Shophouse is typically a long and narrow spaced building with one to three floors.
  • The ground floor is used for small business.
  • The first floor is used as a residential area.
  • There are 6 type of Chinese Peranakan Shophouse, which were generated and developed over the last few decades.
    • Reference:
    Abdulqader, O. & Ibrahim, F. & Bahauddin, A. (2016, December). The Simplicity In The Generating Of Peranakan Interior Space Shophouse in Georgetown, Penang. Paper presented at the XIX Generative Art international Conference, Interior Design of Coffee Shops in Heritage 
    Buildings, Florence, Italy. Retrieved November 12, 2021, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311901253_The_Simplicity_In_The_Generating_Of_Peranakan_Interior_Space_Shophouse_in_Georgetown_Penang



    ]]>     2021-11-13 20:08:06 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888523421     The 6 Architectural Styles of shophouse 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888527596 Types of Chinese Peranakan Shophouse
    1. Early Penang Style
    2. Southern Chinese Eclectic Style
    3. Early Straits Eclectic Style
    4. Late Straits Eclectic Style
    5. Art Deco Style
    6. Early Modernism Style
    Image source: http://www.generativeart.com/GA2016WEB/Oday_Georgetown.pdf
    ]]>     2021-11-13 20:16:01 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888527596     The Interior Elements of Chinese Peranakan Shophouse 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888539752
  • The Interior design of a shophouse represents the culture value and identity of Chinese Peranakan, and thus the interior of a shophouse is much more beautiful than the exterior.
  • The interior details of a shophouse follows certain color themes and includes:-
    1. Symbolic element as a metaphor object.
    2. Dutch or Chinese colorful ceramic tiles
    3. Blackwood furniture and cupboard filled with colorful porcelains.
    4. European Chandeliers
    5. Unique and elegant wooden furniture and artworks.
    Reference: 
    Abdulqader, O. & Ibrahim, F. & Bahauddin, A. (2016, December). The Simplicity In The Generating Of Peranakan Interior Space Shophouse in Georgetown, Penang. Paper presented at the XIX Generative Art international Conference, Interior Design of Coffee Shops in Heritage 
    Buildings, Florence, Italy. Retrieved November 12, 2021, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311901253_The_Simplicity_In_The_Generating_Of_Peranakan_Interior_Space_Shophouse_in_Georgetown_Penang




    ]]>     2021-11-13 20:36:23 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888539752     The Interior of Chinese Peranakan Shophouse 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888542765 Image source: https://www.edgeprop.my/content/1284521/true-peranakan-style]]> 2021-11-13 20:40:48 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888542765 The Courtyard of Chinese Peranakan Shophouse 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888551606
  • The courtyard of the shophouse was influenced by eastern and western cultures.
  • This type or inner courtyard acts as an air well for the shophouse
  • The courtyard of Chinese Peranakan Shophouse has several purposes :-
    1. Garden 
    2. Ventilation system 
    3. Daylight element
    4. Playground 
    5. Space for quiet reflection
    6. Area to dry laundry
    7. Recreation area for family activities (mahjong and cherki)
    Reference:
    Zwain, A., & Bahauddin, A. (2018). The Significance of the Traditional Courtyard Components of Shophouses in George Town, Penang Malaysia. Social Sciences Postgraduate International Seminar (SSPIS), p. 361-366. Retrieved November 13, 2021, from http://eprints.usm.my/40658/1/ART_47.pdf
    ]]>     2021-11-13 20:55:48 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888551606     The Courtyard of Chinese Peranakan Shophouse 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888552733 Image source: https://www.pinterest.com/pin/341147740494969085/]]> 2021-11-13 20:57:57 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888552733 Location of Air Wells in The Chinese Peranakan Shophouse 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888556190 Image source: http://eprints.usm.my/40658/1/ART_47.pdf]]> 2021-11-13 21:00:57 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888556190 Tour Video of Inside The Traditional Ibanese Longhouse 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888800493 2021-11-14 05:06:40 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888800493 Tour Video of A Modern Ibanese Longhouse 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888803599 2021-11-14 05:11:54 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888803599 Demographic Profile of Sama-Bajau 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888860197
  • Sama-Bajau, or also known as Bajau Laut people are a group of people who live in Maritime Southeast Asia.
  • A large amount of Sama-Bajau are found living in the coral reef deltas of Sabah, Semporna, Southern Philippines and Eastern Indonesia.
  • They are also called sea nomads or sea gypsies as they live asshore since the late 19th century and have been living off of sea-based activities. 
    •  Reference:
    Jeon K. (2019). The Life and Culture of the Bajau, Sea Gypsies. J. Ocean Cult, 1(2), p.38-57.
    doi: 10.33522/joc.2019.2.38


    ]]>     2021-11-14 06:50:06 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888860197     The Sama-Bajau Coastal House 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888875017
  • Bajau Laut are famous for their stilt houses that are built meters above the sea level.
  • The Lepa-lepa, is a floating house in the form of a boat
  • Due to the fact that their lives revolve around sea-based activities, they have built homes that fit into their daily activities and needs.
    •  Reference:
    Ismail, I. E. & Ahmad, A. S. (2015). Spatial Arrangement of Coastal Sama-Bajau Houses Based on Adjacency Diagram. International Journal of Built Environment and Sustainability, 2, pg. 284-292. doi: 10.11113/ijbes.v2.n4.96. 


    ]]>     2021-11-14 07:13:59 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888875017     The Sama-Bajau Coastal House 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888877139 Image source: https://www.libur.com.my/rumah-tengah-laut-tiada-elektrik-kehidupan-bajau-laut-sabah-dicemburui/]]> 2021-11-14 07:17:27 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888877139 Diagrammatic of Spatial Layout of a Sama-Bajau Coastal House In Sabah 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888881230 Image Source: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285037620_Spatial_Arrangement_of_Coastal_Sama-Bajau_Houses_Based_on_Adjacency_Diagram]]> 2021-11-14 07:24:01 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888881230 Interior and Spatial Arrangement of Sama-Bajau Coastal House 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888894016 The spatial arrangements of a Sama-Bajau coastal house is as such:-
    1. Sibai / Serambi - an open space for many activities, from fixing nets to marriage and can be used as a living room.
    2. Ibu Rumah - known as diom luma, a main space used for daily activities and sleeping.
    3. Kusih - kitchen space.
    4. Pentan - hall room.
    5. Jambatan - a bridge, where women search for head lice and make cold powder.
    Reference:
    Karim, M. A. & Rachmadani, A. (2019). The Different of Bajau's House in Diaspora Zone. Re-emergence of Maritime Customs, Heritage and Leadership in the Globalised World, 1, pg. 1-13. Retrieved November 13, 2021, from  
    https://www.academia.edu/42744139/The_Different_of_Bajaus_House_in_Diaspora_Zone?pop_sutd=false


    ]]>     2021-11-14 07:42:35 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888894016     The Architectural Elements of Sama-Bajau Coastal House 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888901559
  • The Sama-Bajau is a group of people that often moves around, thus, explains the simple design of boat house.
  • The Sama-Bajau coastal house takes only a week to build.
  • The materials used like wood can also be found nearby on the island.
  • Other than wood, they use paint to cover their house to avoid the materials from getting wet.
  • The column arrangement underneath the house looks weak but they are built like that to let the wind go through and not shake the house.
    • Reference:
    Karim, M. A. & Rachmadani, A. (2019). The Different of Bajau's House in Diaspora Zone. Re-emergence of Maritime Customs, Heritage and Leadership in the Globalised World, 1, pg. 1-13. Retrieved November 13, 2021, from  
    https://www.academia.edu/42744139/The_Different_of_Bajaus_House_in_Diaspora_Zone?pop_sutd=false


    ]]>     2021-11-14 07:53:33 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888901559     Video of One of the Sama-Bajau Village in Sabah 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888910406 2021-11-14 08:05:56 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1888910406 References 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1889079225 2021-11-14 11:34:14 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1889079225 A Tour Video of Melanau Tall Longhouse 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1889112154 2021-11-14 12:13:13 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1889112154 A Tour Video of The Minangkabau House in Negeri Sembilan 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1889136467 2021-11-14 12:38:17 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1889136467 A Tour Video of The Chinese Peranakan Shophouse 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1889144627 2021-11-14 12:46:21 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1889144627 Overall Reflection on e-Portfolio Assignment 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1889224404 2021-11-14 13:54:04 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1889224404 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1889227917 Student's Details
    Name: Siti Aisyah Binti Nor Azmi
    Matric Number: 2021823268
    Group: LG2431B
    Lecturer's Name: Dr. Maizura Mohd Nor]]>     2021-11-14 13:56:55 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1889227917     Colorful Ceramics of Chinese Peranakan 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1889248005 Image source: https://id.pinterest.com/YelingTan/nyonya-art-lifestyle/]]> 2021-11-14 14:12:11 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1889248005 Wooden Furniture with Colorful Ceramic Tiles 2021823268 https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1889258499 Image source: http://www.gastrology.co/article/peranakan-mansion]]> 2021-11-14 14:20:06 UTC https://padlet.com/2021823268/lxe8ybn1p3i5ikh9/wish/1889258499