https://padlet.com/1069374/lwjji68gb9jd en-us 2016-09-02 17:21:32 UTC 2025-10-25 15:51:50 UTC hello@padlet.com 1069374 https://padlet.com/1069374/lwjji68gb9jd/wish/123931682 Mutations in PKD1 or PKD2 lead to a reduction in calcium levels and an increase amount of cAMP  and Protein Kinase lead to damage in  renal tube formation, inflammation, rapid cell growth, and an increase in fluid secretion. ]]> 2016-09-14 22:29:28 UTC https://padlet.com/1069374/lwjji68gb9jd/wish/123931682 1069374 https://padlet.com/1069374/lwjji68gb9jd/wish/123939494  1. Reception - where a ligand (chemical signal) binds to a receptor protein on the surface of the cell or inside the cell
2. Transduction - Each relay molecule in the signal transduction pathway changes the next molecule in the pathway
3. Response - the signal triggers a specific cellular response]]> 2016-09-15 00:18:03 UTC https://padlet.com/1069374/lwjji68gb9jd/wish/123939494 1069374 https://padlet.com/1069374/lwjji68gb9jd/wish/140917820  The plants and animals affect the neighboring cells directly through the plasmodesmata, which connects to neighboring cells by opening up channels through the cell wall of the plant]]> 2016-11-30 18:35:44 UTC https://padlet.com/1069374/lwjji68gb9jd/wish/140917820 1070642 https://padlet.com/1069374/lwjji68gb9jd/wish/168278590 Local signaling is when the signaling is close by ( Autocrine-signaling with self, juxtacrine-signaling to next door cell, paracrine- signaling to nearby cells) 

Long distance signaling are signals that travel far (Endocrine- signaling far distances by sending hormones through the blood) ]]> 2017-04-26 04:35:30 UTC https://padlet.com/1069374/lwjji68gb9jd/wish/168278590 1069374 https://padlet.com/1069374/lwjji68gb9jd/wish/190639227 It transfers phosphate groups from ATP to proteins. This  results in a change of the target protein by changing enzyme activity, cellular location, or association with other proteins.]]> 2017-09-25 00:07:11 UTC https://padlet.com/1069374/lwjji68gb9jd/wish/190639227 1069374 https://padlet.com/1069374/lwjji68gb9jd/wish/190639440 Beginning with the ligand signaling molecule→ the receptor activates a relay molecule→ activates protein kinase 1..  In a protein kinase cascade the active protein kinase 1 transfers the phosphate from ATP to the next inactive protein kinase 2 molecule. The phosphorylation of protein kinase 2 by protein kinase 1  activates protein kinase 2 this keeps going through the cascade to the next inactive protein kinase . Amplifies the original signal ]]> 2017-09-25 00:08:51 UTC https://padlet.com/1069374/lwjji68gb9jd/wish/190639440 1069374 https://padlet.com/1069374/lwjji68gb9jd/wish/190639696 Cyclic AMP is a second messenger and also a derivative of ATP which is used as energy for intracellular transduction. Calcium ions help in cell exocytosis, motility, apoptosis, and transcription]]> 2017-09-25 00:11:31 UTC https://padlet.com/1069374/lwjji68gb9jd/wish/190639696 1069374 https://padlet.com/1069374/lwjji68gb9jd/wish/190644993 Chromosome region 16p13.3; around 85% cases]]> 2017-09-25 01:11:47 UTC https://padlet.com/1069374/lwjji68gb9jd/wish/190644993 1069374 https://padlet.com/1069374/lwjji68gb9jd/wish/190645386 Chromosome region 4q21; around 15% ]]> 2017-09-25 01:15:37 UTC https://padlet.com/1069374/lwjji68gb9jd/wish/190645386 1069374 https://padlet.com/1069374/lwjji68gb9jd/wish/190646034 2017-09-25 01:20:18 UTC https://padlet.com/1069374/lwjji68gb9jd/wish/190646034 1069374 https://padlet.com/1069374/lwjji68gb9jd/wish/190649305 Cell communication focuses on how a cell gives and receives messages with its environment and with itself. Cells do not live in isolation. Their survival depends on receiving and processing information from the outside environment, whether that information pertains to the availability of nutrients or changes in temperature]]> 2017-09-25 01:44:09 UTC https://padlet.com/1069374/lwjji68gb9jd/wish/190649305 1069374 https://padlet.com/1069374/lwjji68gb9jd/wish/190649919
PKD or polycystic kidney disease is an autosomal dominant disease. 
PKD1 and PKD2  are apart of the polycystin protein family and they have lots of transmembrane domain. PKD is responsible for regulating intercellular calcium level through the calcium permeable cation channel. Its is also involved in G- protein coupled signal transduction pathways and tubular development. If PKD1 or PKD2 is mutated it leads to less intercellular calcium and more cAMP which is a second messenger that activates Protein Kinase A and result in messed up tube formation, inflammation, rapid cell growth, increases in fluid secretion. Cysts also begin to form in the renal tubes. These cysts start out small but then grow and fill with fluid resulting in many fluid filled cysts known as polycystic kidney disease. 

]]> 2017-09-25 01:49:56 UTC https://padlet.com/1069374/lwjji68gb9jd/wish/190649919 1069374 https://padlet.com/1069374/lwjji68gb9jd/wish/190650753 High blood pressure, urinary tract infections, kidney stones, enlarged kidney, the kidney is not able to filter blood properly ( may not see this effect initially) ]]> 2017-09-25 01:56:47 UTC https://padlet.com/1069374/lwjji68gb9jd/wish/190650753 1069374 https://padlet.com/1069374/lwjji68gb9jd/wish/190659130 Alberts, Bruce. “Signaling through G-Protein-Linked Cell-Surface Receptors.” Molecular Biology of the Cell. 4th Edition., U.S. National Library of Medicine, Jan. 1970, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK26912/.
“Ligands & Receptors.” Khan Academy, www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/cell-signaling/mechanisms-of-cell-signaling/a/signal-perception.
Signaling via G-Protein-Coupled Receptors, www.web-books.com/MoBio/Free/Ch6D.htm.
“What Is Kidney Disease?” WebMD, WebMD, www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/understanding-kidney-disease-basic-information#1.
Cell Communication Processes in Biology, fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/memb/cellcomm.htm.
“Page Expired.” Case Western Reserve University, www.case.edu/pubaff/univcomm/cell-rsch.htm?nw_view=1444170057.]]> 2017-09-25 03:03:54 UTC https://padlet.com/1069374/lwjji68gb9jd/wish/190659130 1069374 https://padlet.com/1069374/lwjji68gb9jd/wish/191094541 2017-09-26 04:55:22 UTC https://padlet.com/1069374/lwjji68gb9jd/wish/191094541 1069374 https://padlet.com/1069374/lwjji68gb9jd/wish/191096197 2017-09-26 05:15:40 UTC https://padlet.com/1069374/lwjji68gb9jd/wish/191096197 1069374 https://padlet.com/1069374/lwjji68gb9jd/wish/191477336 2017-09-26 22:08:12 UTC https://padlet.com/1069374/lwjji68gb9jd/wish/191477336