GDP Per Capita: $73,600

Top industries:high-technology innovator, second-largest industrial output in the world; petroleum, steel, motor vehicles, aerospace, telecommunications, chemicals, electronics, food processing, consumer goods, lumber, and mining.

Social Cleavages: Mostly comes from the division between ideologies. The stark differences in the beliefs on how the government should be run and the friction that comes between democrats and republicans because of the two party system.

Regional Cleavages: A lot of the time there is division between people of the city and urban areas and more rural farm areas. This may come from different job and educational opportunities

America is leaning more towards democratic because of the electoral college and people being able to vote who is in the government.

Year Adopted: 1789

Circumstances: Came fresh off of the revolution against the British Monarch.

Year Adopted: 1982 (current version)

Circumstances: Wanted to consolidate the authority of the government

Democratic or Authoritarian: China's government leans towards an authoritarian government pretty heavily

Social: Urban-Rural cleavage

Head of government: Premier LI Qiang

Cabinet: State Council

This branch has the absolute most power among the Communist Party Central Committee (25-members). XI Jinping holds the three most powerful positions as general secretary, state president, and chairman of the central military commission

GDP per Capita: $22,100

Industry: Leader in industrial output; mining and ore processing, iron, steel, aluminum, and other metals, coal; machine building; armaments; textiles and apparel and much more

Adopted: October 24th, 1979

Circumstances: Revolution based off religion

Democratic/Authoritarian: more democatic

Social: Reformers vs Conservatives and Pragmatic conservatives vs radical cleric

and women's rights

Head of government: President Masoud PEZESHKIAN

Cabinet: Council of Ministers selected by the president with legislative approval

Powers: coordinating government decisions and selecting government policies

Powers: drafts legislation, ratifies international treaties, and approves the countries budget

Powers: It's an independent power from the Executive and legislative branches. They can judge cases based on Sharia (Islamic law). They have the power to interpret the laws based on a case.

GDP per Capita: $16,200

Top industries: Petroleum, petrochemicals, gas, fertilizer, caustic soda, textiles, cement and other construction materials, food processing, ferrous and nonferrous metal fabrication, armaments.

Cause: territorial disputes between the two states for a long time ended up in war

Who won: war was in a stalemate between Iran and Iraq and both countries accepted a ceasefire that ended the fighting.

Consequences: Both countries found themselves in debt and a lot of death. However, Iraq managed to overrun neighboring Kuwait.

Also has a trafficking in persons issue (tier 3)

Adopted: several previous constitutions; the most modern approved on February 5th, 1917

Circumstances: After years of political instability and violent rebellions, the congress of Mexico approved it because it wanted expansive social reform and a political reconstruction

Democratic or Authoritarian: Mexico is trying to become a more democratic country and is succeeding. It would be counted as a more democratic country

Social: North (rich) vs South (poor)

Head of government: President

Cabinet: appointed by the president

Powers: Dominant branch that promotes and executes the laws of congress. It also has the primary role of implementing and enforcing the policies of the government

power: right to pass laws, impose taxes, declare war, approve the national budget, approve or reject treaties and conventions made with foreign countries

Powers: Jurisdiction over controversies that arise out of laws or acts of state or federal authorities that violent individual guaranties, controversies between states or a state and federal authorities, all matters involving federal laws and treaties, etc. Basically interpreting laws.

GDP per Capita: $22,400

Top Industries: food and beverages, tobacco, chemicals, iron and steel, petroleum, mining, textiles, clothing, motor vehicles, consumer durables, and tourism.

Causes: conflict between the United States and Mexico between plots of land. The United States invaded Mexico because they believed they were the rightful owners of a certain area.

Who won: America gained Texas and Mexico shrunk (Mexico lost)

consequences: Mexico lost the Territory of Texas

Adopted: 1999

Circumstances: Nigeria needed a true government so it created the Fourth Nigerian Republic

Democratic or Authoritarian: Trying to become democratic but is probably more in between.

Political: disputes and divisions over policymaking (Over Sharia)

Social: Elites vs Rural

Head of Government: President

Powers:

Powers: Power to make laws for the peace, order and good governance of the federation. Also has other powers like investigative, financial, confirmation, and impeachment powers.

Power: uphold the principles and the laws of the nations constitution

GDP per Capita: $5,700

Top industries: Crude oil, tin, coal, columbite, textiles, construction material, food products, footwear, chemicals, fertilizer, printing, ceramics, steel

Who fought: Nigeria and the republic of Biafra (was a part of Nigeria)

Causes: Republic of Biafra used to be part of Nigeria and Nigeria wanted it back

Who won: Nigeria won the war

Consequences: The armed struggle created a weakened the government and allowed for a string of military coups to follow

1 in 11 people have HIV/AIDS

Adopted: December 12th, 1993

Reason: Was needed to improve Russia's political and Economic status after fall of Soviet Union

Democratic or Authoritarian: Russia is more on the authoritarian side

Ethnic: Chechnya

Political: slavophile vs westernizer

Head of Government: Premier Mikhail Vladimirovich Mishutin

Power: Hold most power in the government, technically the powers is supposed to be split up but Putin has taken the powers for himself

Powers: Vote all bills, all bills to even be proposed need to be considered by the state Duma

Power: It acts independently from legislative and executive powers. It administers justice through constitutional, civil, commercial, administrative, and criminal proceedings.

GDP per Capita: $39,800

Top Industries: mining industries, oil, metals, vehicles, defense industries, shipbuilding, transportation equipment, and further machinery

Causes: Russia believes Ukraine is supposed to be a part of Russia

Consequences: It's still ongoing and has caused devastation on both sides but mainly Ukraine. Has plunged a lot of Russia's resources

Who Won: TBD

Democratic or authoritarian: More Democratic

Head of government: Prime Minister Keir Starmer

Power: Formulates and implements policy

Power: Can issue legislation through orders-in-council but is limited.

Power: appeal for all civil cases, and for criminal cases in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. Can also hear constitutional cases and ones that have far-reaching consequences for the public.

GDP per Capita: $54,100

Top industries: Machine tools, electric power equipment, motor vehicles and parts, electronics, metals, chemicals, coal, paper products, textiles, other consumer goods.

Cause: Global tensions and the Treaty of Versailles making Germany feel small

Who Won: The Allies (UK, France, and US)

Consequences: Major destruction everywhere, millions killed.