Current state, the evolution of the car industry, government incentives and policies that impact the type of car sold, the speed of the transition

The issues with EVs: critical minerals, battery capacity, grids, electricity sources

Innovative methods: EV's, hydrogen fuel cells, biofuels, retrofitting cars, circular materials

Questions:

• Are there other innovative methods to consider?

• Who are the leaders in this transition (countries and companies)?

• What are the biggest roadblocks in achieving this?

• What impact do other industries have on this transition (ie; transportation methods & energy sources)?

• use of hydrogen in creation steel (as opposed to carbon and coke)

  • electrolysis for the creation of green hydrogen

• Electric Arc Furnaces (specifically paired with renewable electricity)

• reuse of scrap steel (circular economy practices)

• Carbon Capture and Storage

Obstacles

• cost of developing and implementing technologies

• geographical conditions and resources will influence the ability of specific countries/regions to transition to carbon free and use these technologies

• storage and transport of hydrogen

• issues of commercialising innovations and EoS (specifically for hydrogen and EAFs)

• availability of renewable electricity

• collaboration needed between governments and private institutions

Questions

• are we only focusing on the European Steel industry

  • can we start broad in the industry analysis and then hone in on the European Industry

• net zero-carbon vs carbon free? we are very confused about the terms used in different articles

• one of the papers says "Steel is the largest industrial emitter of CO2 among heavy industries, accounting for approximately 7 % of global energy-related emissions and 7–9 % of global anthropogenic CO2 emissions.” What is the difference between these figures? We are confused

Issues:

• heat from distillation process

• environmental impact with water usage

• energy consumption

• land use for barley production (agriculture practices)

• waste from packaging

• transportation & distribution of finished products

• regulatory compliance

Innovations examples atm:

• Dal Munach - using thermal vapor recompression technology

• Hydrogen-based innovation

Questions:

• how much renewable energy is being used at the moment and in which part of the value chain?

• can production process be streamlined and optimized to reduce energy consumption, through data analytics, energy efficient equipment, carbon capture and storage?

• bottle weight and production - can this be reduced? (or should this not be included in detail for this assignment, cc: Martin)

• what polices or regulations are in place to support this transition - govt funding, getting Iso 14001 certified

  
  

For Martin:

• lack of academic sources for innovations atm, can case studies from individual companies be used as credible sources

• current state of cement emissions (8% of emissions are from cement)

• where in the production process emissions are released most

• opportunities for reducing emissions

• impact of regulations on cement emissions

• ratio of cement in concrete

• alternative fuels/renewable energy and raw materials

• carbon capture and storage

• supply chain optimizations

Issues:

• High Carbon Emissions

• Deforestation and Habitat Destruction

• Air Pollution

• Waste generation

• water consumption

• energy consumption

Questions:

• Where are the highest emission points in the cement production process?

• How can technology help the carbon footprint of the cement industry?

• can cement improve concrete by itself as it only an ingredient?

• How can regulation help address net zero goals in cement?

Possible solutions:

Alternative fuels

Airfoils or use of sails

New technology

Possible barriers:

Availability of alternative fuels globally

Cost

Scalable

Lifespan of ships

Questions?

Do we look at different value chains within shipping? Ie shipbuilding, fuel and operations?

Do we also look at fishing ships and cruises or only transport?

scope of GHG emissions that are emitted from dairy farming. plastic packaging, land degradation.

Carbon reduction strategies. Looking into major stakeholder involvement, risk-sharing, major policies that are affecting the industry (WRAP)

Obstacles- scope 3 emission reporting, loose regulation, costs of the transition to sustainable solutions, lack of financial incentives, Market Demand and Consumer Behavior

Questions

What innovations are leading the way in moving towards a sustainable future?

What regulation is most needed to accelerate the transition?

Economic Viability:

• What are the economic implications of transitioning to a carbon-free model for dairy producers?

• Are there financial incentives or business models that can make carbon-free practices more economically viable for dairy farmers?

Stakeholder engagement -

How can international collaboration and knowledge-sharing contribute to the global dairy industry's efforts to become carbon-free?

Can the dairy industry ever become carbon free? (If so can it meet the 2050 deadlines)

An analysis of the industry’s carbon footprint, volume, evolution, value chain (major components responsible for carbon emissions)

Solutions:

• Sustainable fuels (electric/hydrogen)

• New aircraft technology

Barriers:

• Hydrogen power to boost planes

• Rising demand

• Cost

• Long process

• Lack of policy

• Lack of infrastructure