https://padlet.com/paulinewong1/lt6fi639dsr64kn8 NUR5923 Respiratory Pathiphysiology en-us 2022-03-10 02:30:25 UTC 2025-10-25 23:07:29 UTC hello@padlet.com paulinewong1 https://padlet.com/paulinewong1/lt6fi639dsr64kn8/wish/2087363794

Choose a spokesperson

All students in the group are to work on all of the following questions/sections included in the Padlet

When we come back to the whole class, the spokesperson will feedback findings

You can use diagrams/images other visual resources to explain each respiratory condition.

]]> 2022-03-10 02:31:27 UTC https://padlet.com/paulinewong1/lt6fi639dsr64kn8/wish/2087363794 paulinewong1 https://padlet.com/paulinewong1/lt6fi639dsr64kn8/wish/2087363984
Pulmonary embolism is  blockage in one of the pulmonary arteries in your lungs. Most often, pulmonary embolism is caused by blood clots that travel to the lungs from deep veins in the legs or, rarely, from veins in other parts of the body.
Risk factors for PE include conditions and disorders that promote blood clotting as a result of venous stasis (immobilization, heart failure), hypercoagulability (inherited coagulation disorders, malignancy, hormone replacement 
https://radiopaedia.org/articles/pulmonary-embolism ]]> 2022-03-10 02:31:33 UTC https://padlet.com/paulinewong1/lt6fi639dsr64kn8/wish/2087363984 paulinewong1 https://padlet.com/paulinewong1/lt6fi639dsr64kn8/wish/2087364132 Neither
(but is it either? Doesn't this refer to lung conditions, and PE isn't a lung condition but a perfusion issue? Like you get obstructive shock but that's not obstructive lung disease)]]> 2022-03-10 02:31:39 UTC https://padlet.com/paulinewong1/lt6fi639dsr64kn8/wish/2087364132 paulinewong1 https://padlet.com/paulinewong1/lt6fi639dsr64kn8/wish/2087364280 PE's themselves should not affect lung compliance or airway resistance as it is purely a perfusion issue (that is, the lungs still ventilate in the same manner as normal but the reduced blood flow causes decreased perfusion). This in and of itself creates dead space, as there are ventilated areas with little to no perfusion, however this is not a defect of the lungs but of the perfusion mechanism.

In some forms of decompensated PEs, you can see elements of both due to complications such as APO]]> 2022-03-10 02:31:44 UTC https://padlet.com/paulinewong1/lt6fi639dsr64kn8/wish/2087364280 paulinewong1 https://padlet.com/paulinewong1/lt6fi639dsr64kn8/wish/2087364412 Reduced pulmonary perfusion leads to hypoxia as less haemaglobin is being oxygenated, as dead space is formed. The dead space will result in an increase in CO2 due to less gas exchange. Decrease in SPO2 due to less O2 being carried on Hb. 
An elevated A-a gradient: because the partial pressure of O2 is higher in the alveoli than in arterial blood.

Patients experience SOB and compensate by hyperventilating to get rid of excess CO2. Therefore, administering supplemental O2 to maintain SPO2 >94%  is ideal treatment.]]> 2022-03-10 02:31:49 UTC https://padlet.com/paulinewong1/lt6fi639dsr64kn8/wish/2087364412 paulinewong1 https://padlet.com/paulinewong1/lt6fi639dsr64kn8/wish/2087364590 The VQ mismatch occurs due to redistribution of blood from occluded pulmonary arteries to the nonoccluded vessels.
Increased Dead Space.
This will cause a raised V/Q due to underperfusion in the presence of normal ventilation.]]> 2022-03-10 02:31:55 UTC https://padlet.com/paulinewong1/lt6fi639dsr64kn8/wish/2087364590 paulinewong1 https://padlet.com/paulinewong1/lt6fi639dsr64kn8/wish/2087364793 T1RF can lead to T2RF once compensating]]> 2022-03-10 02:32:02 UTC https://padlet.com/paulinewong1/lt6fi639dsr64kn8/wish/2087364793 paulinewong1 https://padlet.com/paulinewong1/lt6fi639dsr64kn8/wish/2087364971 Initially - low PaO2, Low/Normal CO2, Respiratory alkalosis most often. 
initially - CO2 is low/normal. then once compensating, can remain normal or can rise to compensate for lactic acidosis.
Lactate Rise which can cause metabolic acidosis due to anaerobic respiration. 

(low co2 = alkalosis, high = acidosis)]]> 2022-03-10 02:32:07 UTC https://padlet.com/paulinewong1/lt6fi639dsr64kn8/wish/2087364971 paulinewong1 https://padlet.com/paulinewong1/lt6fi639dsr64kn8/wish/2087365140 Increased pulmonary artery pressure, can lead to right ventricular dilation and increase afterload. Decrease in surfactant production, the overall affect is atelectasis. Which further contributes to hypoxemia.  Increased JVP
Pulmonary oedema, hypoxic vasoconstriction , dysrhythmias , decreased cardiac output, shock 
https://litfl.com/ecg-changes-in-pulmonary-embolism/ ]]> 2022-03-10 02:32:13 UTC https://padlet.com/paulinewong1/lt6fi639dsr64kn8/wish/2087365140 paulinewong1 https://padlet.com/paulinewong1/lt6fi639dsr64kn8/wish/2087365309

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