https://padlet.com/sophiatheodorous/Mini_museum_entry1 History of Neuroscience Mental Health 0 AD-1800 en-us 2022-03-26 01:21:38 UTC 2022-03-28 18:19:10 UTC hello@padlet.com sophiatheodorous https://padlet.com/sophiatheodorous/Mini_museum_entry1/wish/2114544362 In early colonial America life was very tough even though America was the promised land. For those who ended up going medically insane there were hospitals set up for those patients to get "help". Some treatments of these hospitals included putting their patients in solitary confinement, conditioned fear of doctors, powerful but minimally effective drugs, bleeding, shackles, and plunge baths¹. It was thought that the patients had chosen a life of insanity and needed to decide to change their ways on their own.

(1)https://www.the-hospitalist.org/hospitalist/article/123117/mental-health-colonial-america ]]> 2022-03-26 03:21:08 UTC https://padlet.com/sophiatheodorous/Mini_museum_entry1/wish/2114544362 sophiatheodorous https://padlet.com/sophiatheodorous/Mini_museum_entry1/wish/2114949125 Galen of Pergamon lived (129 AD-200AD) in the time of Hippocrates and in this time, they believed in the four humors and how the brain was important in sickness as well. Hippocrates had set the groundwork by explaining 4 main subcategories of mental illness as mania, paranoia, melancholia, and epilepsy². This helped to generate the practices of healing the pathos of the soul. Galen describes it as how the emotional parts of the brain override the rational parts which can lead to uncommon behaviors such as anger, despondency, obsessions, sadness, and false reasoning¹. For Galen's treatment plans he has many options and noted cognitive therapy. Where the cause of the illness should be identified as habits or something beneath the surface so that they can be treated². He recounts an exact example of when he used words as an intervention technique, however we do not know what words he had said in this instance or any other instance¹.
(1)Mental Illness in Ancient Medicine From Celsus to Paul of Aegina, Series: Studies in Ancient Medicine, Volume: 50 Publisher: Brill Print Publication Date: 29 Jan 2018 https://brill.com/view/book/edcoll/9789004362260/BP000025.xml 
(2)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zu_yISD76XQ  ]]> 2022-03-26 16:24:00 UTC https://padlet.com/sophiatheodorous/Mini_museum_entry1/wish/2114949125 sophiatheodorous https://padlet.com/sophiatheodorous/Mini_museum_entry1/wish/2114950455 Avicenna (c. 980 AD– 1037 AD) was a Persian thinker, philosopher and doctor who was also the author of The Canon of Medicine which was used as one of the most dominant European medical guides up until the 17th century. One specific thing noted in this book that sets the framework for modern day psychiatry is the description of melancholia¹. It is the closest description to modern day doctors and scientists, and this was documented back in 1170 AD. Avicenna describes melancholia and mixed states with signs and symptoms that may seem unrelated but are broken down into these 5 categories: anxious/depressive, manic, psychotic, cognitive and somatic features¹.
(1) https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/how-avicenna-recognized-melancholia-mixed-states-1000-years-before-modern-psychiatry 
(2)https://cdn.sanity.io/images/0vv8moc6/psychtimes/7abaf6b7fb7cb03ba9a849b07c891ccfe150725e-1807x1873.jpg?auto=format  

]]> 2022-03-26 16:26:09 UTC https://padlet.com/sophiatheodorous/Mini_museum_entry1/wish/2114950455 sophiatheodorous https://padlet.com/sophiatheodorous/Mini_museum_entry1/wish/2114953330 Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) is a technique that has been refined over the last century and has rapid results. IT is an electrical impulse that is sent into the brain to induce a small seizure that changes the brain chemistry¹. Many medication options are first resort but when those are not doing the job, this technique can be used for treatment of Severe depression, Treatment-resistant depression, Severe mania, Catatonia, or for Agitation and aggression in people with dementia¹. Without the knowledge that mental illnesses come from an imbalance and originate in the brain, ECT may not have come to fruition as a treatment.
(1) https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/electroconvulsive-therapy/about/pac-20393894  

]]> 2022-03-26 16:30:37 UTC https://padlet.com/sophiatheodorous/Mini_museum_entry1/wish/2114953330 sophiatheodorous https://padlet.com/sophiatheodorous/Mini_museum_entry1/wish/2114956315 Hippocrates was one of the first to treat patients with mental disorders without the treatment being religious or superstitious practices¹. The science that he believed involved those 4 humor and imbalance. We understand today that this is not the truth. However, he began the thought that there was an imbalance within the body which then stems from other treatments such as trephination, bloodletting, purging and so on where they were looking to balance the body². Everything that Hippocrates found helped later scientists and pioneers further investigate scientific experiments to back up their beliefs. This was a monumental moment in history when Hippocrates been thinking this way with experiments and science to back up his claims.

(1)https://www.uniteforsight.org/mental-health/module2 
(2) https://online.csp.edu/resources/article/history-of-mental-illness-treatment/ ]]> 2022-03-26 16:35:24 UTC https://padlet.com/sophiatheodorous/Mini_museum_entry1/wish/2114956315 sophiatheodorous https://padlet.com/sophiatheodorous/Mini_museum_entry1/wish/2115144160 There was a doctor by the name of Cornelius Celsus who lived from (25 BCE to 50 CE) who had a very brutal treatment plan for mental illness¹. He used a combination of shackles, starvation techniques and beatings for his patients. Another doctor from Persia named Rhazes did believe mental illness originated in the brain, so he gave treatment plans like baths and a positive reward system for good behaviors¹. After learning from failures, we learn what works and does not work. Unfortunately, many of the older practices may not have worked but it did help us to learn and evolve from the mistakes. For those earlier techniques that did work the advancement and understanding of why those techniques did work.
(1) https://www.verywellmind.com/who-discovered-depression-1066770  

]]> 2022-03-26 22:59:04 UTC https://padlet.com/sophiatheodorous/Mini_museum_entry1/wish/2115144160 sophiatheodorous https://padlet.com/sophiatheodorous/Mini_museum_entry1/wish/2115156096 Some other treatments that even date back to the ancient Egyptians was Donkey milk and poppy seeds mixture¹. Early Roman and Greek doctors this may be helpful as the poppy seed had proven to have physical effects on the body¹. Aside from the poppy seed and donkey milk, they would heal patients with gymnastics, massages, specialized diets, music and baths¹. Like we learned in our lectures, there was a shift in time where the origin of mental health illnesses such as depression were not a "demonic sanction", it was a biological problem that could be cured with different medicines and treatments.  
(1)https://www.mentalhelp.net/depression/historical-understandings/  

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