Eliana Yepes' BioArea CO by Eliana Yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp en-us 2019-02-05 23:31:49 UTC 2025-06-22 15:16:56 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/icons/Optimplaces.png Colombia, a megadiverse country eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/328065573 According to Convention on Biological Diversity, Colombia has 10% of the planet’s biodiversity and 314 different types of ecosystems. Colombia is the second country with the greatest diversity of species and the most diverse country in the world in relation to birds and orchids.]]> 2019-02-05 23:56:09 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/328065573 THEME 1: Introducing biodiversity eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329558680 2019-02-10 05:21:05 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329558680 Localization eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329558771 Colombia is located in America, in the extreme northwest of South America. The country is crossed by the Andes mountain range and the Amazonian plain, it is the only country in South America with coasts on the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, nearly 50% of its territory corresponds to the sea.  It is located in the intertropical zone.]]> 2019-02-10 05:22:46 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329558771 Diversity of weathers eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329626053 Colombia has different climatic zones. Below 1000 meters high (3281 feet) the climate is warm, between 1000 and 2000 meters high there is the temperate climate (3284 feet and 6562 feet), and the cold climate between 2000 and 3000 meters high (6565 and 9843 feet).
Beyond the cold land are the alpine conditions of the wooded area and then the prairies without trees of the páramos. Above 4000 meters high (13123 feet), where temperatures are below freezing, it is icy land, an area of perpetual snow and ice.]]> 2019-02-10 17:50:50 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329626053 Relief eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329628500 The Colombian territory presents variety in its relief: central mountainous system, composed by the three Andean mountain ranges, independent mountain system of the Andes, the interior and coastal plains and the inter-Andean valleys. 
The water resource of the country is one of the richest in the world. Its main water courses are the Magdalena, Amazonas, Cauca, Guaviare, Putumayo and Caquetá rivers]]> 2019-02-10 18:07:36 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329628500 Natural Regions eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329631625 In Colombia five natural regions can be evidenced by their different reliefs, ecosystems and climates. It is the second most mega-diverse country in the world. The greatest diversity of flora and fauna within their terrestrial biomes is found in the rainforests, located in the Pacific Region, the Amazon rainforest and the Andean forest.]]> 2019-02-10 18:30:03 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329631625 Biodiversity hotspot eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329642956 Colombia is part of the most diverse hotspot on the planet, the Tropical Andes Hotspot. In addition, the territory occupies the Tumbe-Chocó -Magdalena hotspot]]> 2019-02-10 19:52:08 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329642956 Biodiversity eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329646138 With more than 1,900 With more than 1,900 species of birds and more than 4200 orchids, Colombia ranks first in biodiversity worldwide in these groups. It is the second country with the highest number of species of plants, butterflies, freshwater fish and amphibians. It occupies the third place in diversity of palms and reptiles and the fourth place in mammals
https://sibcolombia.net/actualidad/biodiversidad-en-cifras/]]> 2019-02-10 20:11:17 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329646138 Number of species per taxonomic group eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329648549 https://sibcolombia.net/actualidad/biodiversidad-en-cifras/]]> 2019-02-10 20:25:47 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329648549 Number of species per taxonomic group eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329648677 https://sibcolombia.net/actualidad/biodiversidad-en-cifras/]]> 2019-02-10 20:26:40 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329648677 Number of species per taxonomic group eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329648796 https://sibcolombia.net/actualidad/biodiversidad-en-cifras/]]> 2019-02-10 20:27:30 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329648796 Threats to biodiversity in colombia eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329650080 https://sibcolombia.net/actualidad/biodiversidad-en-cifras/]]> 2019-02-10 20:36:59 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329650080 Endemic species eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329654636 The theory of Pleistocene refuges and the evolutionary history of the biota reflected in the biogeographic units have been one of the main criteria to help delimit the centers with endemic species in Colombia. These centers of endemism remained relatively stable during the periods in which they predominated, either dry or wet conditions allowing the speciation and diversification of the species that survived in these humid shelters covered with forest or in the dry shelters covered with savannas. The centers of endemism are the result of the processes of fragmentation of the distribution area and temporary isolation of the
species contained in these centers.

]]> 2019-02-10 20:58:18 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329654636 Centers of endemism in Colombia eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329662458 2019-02-10 21:49:24 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329662458 Coeligena orina eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329664574 Species of hummingbird endemic to Colombia, confined to a small region in the western Andes of Colombia.
http://asociacioncolombianadeornitologia.org/wp-content/uploads/revista/oc3/rediscoveryDusky28.pdf]]> 2019-02-10 22:05:16 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329664574 Geobatrachus walkeri eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329665361 Endemic frog to Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia. It is threatened by habitat loss.
https://checklist.pensoft.net/article/18072/]]> 2019-02-10 22:10:47 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329665361 Protected areas eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329666840 Colombia is one of the richest countries in biological diversity in the world. This diversity is represented in 59 natural areas belonging to the System of National Natural Parks that represent 14'268.224 hectares (142,682 km2) of the national surface (marine and terrestrial), where 11.27% constitutes the continental area and 1.5% the marine area.
http://www.parquesnacionales.gov.co/portal/es/parques-nacionales/]]> 2019-02-10 22:21:44 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329666840 eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329674407 Protected areas in Colombia have a hierarchical classification depending on the characteristics of the place and the conservation purposes of each site
http://www.parquesnacionales.gov.co/portal/es/mapa-de-parques-nacionales-naturales-de-colombia/]]> 2019-02-10 23:11:18 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329674407 THEME 2: Exploring biodiversity eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329678103 2019-02-10 23:35:11 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329678103 The Natural Sciences Collection at the Museum of Universidad de Antioquia (Medellín, Colombia) eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329680037 This collection has around 35,000 pieces among naturalized animals, skeletons, study skins, wet-preserved specimens, minerals, fossils, and scientific illustrations. This is a contribution to the dissemination of Colombia’s natural resources, especially the fauna, and to raising awareness of the importance of environmental preservation.

]]> 2019-02-10 23:48:40 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329680037 Interactions between species eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329681549 2019-02-10 23:59:57 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329681549 Depredation eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329681795 Morphological studies in hummingbirds have focused mainly on the coevolution of the shape of the bird's beak and the flower's corollas. However, hummingbirds, in addition to nectar, consume a protein load from small arthropods. There are differences in the foraging depending on the species and even between sexes of the same species.
Initial characterization of predation of arthropods by hummingbirds in high mountain environments
Predators: Coeligena helianthea, Colibri coruscans, Eriocnemis vestita and Metallura tyrianthina.
Preys: Diptera (77.1%) and hymenoptera (4%) and the rest were arthropods of
substrate, such as spiders (18.9%) and hemiptera (6%)
More: http://asociacioncolombianadeornitologia.org/wp-content/uploads/revista/oc7/Rico.pdf]]> 2019-02-11 00:02:03 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329681795 Depredation eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329683624 Hemipteros zoophytophagous, that they feed on whiteflies, aphids, thrips, mites and eggs of noctuid moths]]> 2019-02-11 00:17:55 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329683624 Parasitism eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329685873 The flowerpiercers  (Birds: Diglossa and Diglossopis) have been considered parasites of the interactions between hummingbirds and flowers, because they are highly specialized nectar stealers.
Because flowerpiercersaccess the reward that
offer the plants, apparently without any service
in retribution (pollination), have been considered
"Scammers" or "parasites"
More: http://asociacioncolombianadeornitologia.org/wp-content/uploads/revista/oc5/pinchaflores21-39.pdf]]> 2019-02-11 00:33:31 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329685873 Parasitism eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329689007 The Rufous-collared Sparrow (Zonotrichia capensis) is an effective cowbird host (Molothrus bonariensis) that does not eject parasite eggs.
More: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/auk.2013.12164?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents]]> 2019-02-11 00:53:34 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329689007 Ecological niche eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329690406 Classification of the  abundances of the  species of hummingbirds in Parque  Natural Municipal Ranchería, (Boyacá) and  their 
annual cycles of breeding, molt, fat reserves and body mass in relation to the seasonality of flowers they visited in high An-
dean forest and areas where the removal of forest cover had permitted invasion by plants of the páramo.
More https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279193784_El_ciclo_anual_de_una_comunidad_de_colibries_Trochilidae_en_bosques_altoandinos_intactos_y_paramizados_en_la_Cordillera_Oriental_de_Colombia
]]> 2019-02-11 01:03:46 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329690406 Ecological niche eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329691383 2019-02-11 01:10:04 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329691383 Ecological niche partition eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329692189  Ateles belzebuth, Lagothrix lagothricha, Cebus apella, andAlouatta seniculus were gathered during 13 months at Tinigua National Park (Colombia), in an effort to test the following hypotheses concerning competition for fruits. Coexistence is possible because: (1) during periods when fruit availability is limited, the species utilize different resources; and (2) the species have different fruit preferences independent of fruit production in the forest. Differences were found in resource use (diet and habitat) for all four species.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2000.tb00499.x]]> 2019-02-11 01:15:03 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329692189 Ecological niche partition eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329693014 The partitioning of microhábitats by five species of frogs in the families Bufonidae (Rhinella marina, R. granulosa), and Leiuperidae (Engystomops pustulosus, Pleurodema brachyops and Pseudopaludicola pusilla) in six different localities of the Colombian Caribean with tropical dry forest fragments and different land uses. Microhábitats distribution as a mechanism of coexistence in these species is implemented for dry season but in rainfall season this mechanism not exists.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261372609_Two_New_Species_of_Salamanders_Genus_Bolitoglossa_Amphibia_Plethodontidae_from_the_Eastern_Colombian_Andes]]> 2019-02-11 01:19:47 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329693014 My opinion about Wolves eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329698095 The wolves were brought in because the increased elk population was overgrazing the deciduous, woody species such as aspen and cottonwood.

]]> 2019-02-11 01:46:01 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329698095 THEME 3 : Threats to biodiversity in a changing climate eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329698996 2019-02-11 01:52:00 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329698996 Habitat loss eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329700798 The distribution, habitat loss, density, fragmentation and their influence on group sizes of Callicebus ornatus were evaluated between 2004 and 2011 in an area around San Martin de los Llanos, Meta, Colombia. The distribution of the species in official conservation areas is about 49.074,79 km 2 ; however, the total areal is highly fragmented by agricultural crops and other activities. As a result, the actual area available for this primate species is less than 39.404,454 km 2 (35% of habitat reduction, data from 2001 to 2008).
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273630582_10_Population_density_and_habitat_availability_of_Callicebus_ornatus_a_Colombian_endemic_titi_monkey]]> 2019-02-11 02:03:57 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329700798 Habitat loss eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329703812 In Latin America oil palm acreage has also been steadily increasing, especially in countries such as Colombia, the largest producer by far. However, information on the biological implications of rapid land conversion to oil palm in the region remains scarce

https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/40703/1/40703%20Pardo%20Vargas%20et%20al%202015.pdf]]> 2019-02-11 02:25:14 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329703812 Habitat degradation eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329704762 The western Amazon is the most biologically rich part of the Amazon basin and is home to a great diversity of indigenous ethnic groups, including some of the world's last uncontacted peoples living in voluntary isolation. Underlying this landscape are large reserves of oil and gas, many yet untapped. The growing global demand is leading to unprecedented exploration and development in the region.

Without improved policies, the increasing scope and magnitude of planned extraction means that environmental and social impacts are likely to intensify.
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0002932]]> 2019-02-11 02:30:55 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329704762 Threatened, commercialized and invasive species eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329707612 According to the bulletin of the year 2014 of the Institute of Investigation of Biological Resources Alexander von Humboldt that they find 1200 species of fauna and flora threatened. This number has increased according to the current report of the Biodiversity Information System of Colombia (SiB) to 1302. The number of species is determined from the red lists of species and the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). ]]> 2019-02-11 02:51:41 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329707612 Threatened species eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329708136 The threats to Colombian biodiversity occur mainly due to habitat fragmentation, deforestation, mining, exploitation of fossil fuels, overexploitation of species.]]> 2019-02-11 02:56:16 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329708136 Overexploitation eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329710174 Over the years, the strategies that have allowed stripes and other cartilaginous fishes to survive successfully in the marine environment and have a wide distribution in all the world's oceans have been recognized. On the other hand, its fishery and commercialization have been increasing during the last decades, generating strong pressures on many species and uncertainty about the current abundance and distribution of their populations.
http://www.scielo.org.co/pdf/mar/v36n1/v36n1a12.pdf]]> 2019-02-11 03:11:24 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329710174 Invasive species eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329710350 The introductions of species can be beneficial for man, given their economic and / or productive importance, in some cases they become constituent elements of the cultural and economic heritage of a region such as Coffee (Coffea arabica), Sugar Cane ( Saccharum officinarum), the Coco (Cocos nucifera) and the Banano (Musa paradisiaca), among others. However, many of the species that have been introduced, have been established, maintain viable populations, have become a constituent part of the ecosystems where native species have been taken and displaced, becoming invasive species. This benefit for man becomes a detriment to the ecosystems and their natural populations, which reduces the ecosystem services that they provide and, in the end, generate huge economic and social losses.
https://www.sinchi.org.co/files/publicaciones/publicaciones/pdf/invasoras%20final%20web.pdf]]> 2019-02-11 03:12:21 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329710350 Invasive species eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329711706 There are more than 300 invasive species in Colombia!!]]> 2019-02-11 03:22:00 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329711706 Climate Change eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329713030 In recent years there has been an increase in the average temperature, reduction of frosts and changes in precipitation]]> 2019-02-11 03:30:17 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329713030 Species marketed in Colombia eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329714774 the commercialization in colombia of wild species of fauna and flora is given for the illegal trade as pets or ornamental plants, manufacture of fashion articles, food]]> 2019-02-11 03:38:51 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329714774 Climate change eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329716200 Are evident the root causes that contribute to global warming and a host of evidence of the reality that affects us; such as: raising the temperature of the earth, melting glaciers, rising ocean level, increases the frequency and intensity of weather events, all as a result of the unusual accumulation of greenhouse gases, as product of human activity. There are implications that directly or indirectly, the climate change has to health in particular for Andean countries; such as: disorders linked to the availability and quality of water and food, respiratory disease, vector-borne infections, cancer and pathologies chronic degenerative tables associated with climatic disasters and extreme temperatures. Finally we review proposals and courses of action.
http://www.scielo.org.pe/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1726-46342009000100016]]> 2019-02-11 03:47:37 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329716200 eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329719163 The skin of tapir hatchlings is marketed to make items such as bags, belts and other leather goods]]> 2019-02-11 04:05:39 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329719163 eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329719856 The lazy bears are removed from their natural habitat to use as pets]]> 2019-02-11 04:10:16 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329719856 eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329720143 In many places of Colombia the consumption of iguana egg occurs]]> 2019-02-11 04:12:25 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329720143 Evaluating box eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329721014 2019-02-11 04:18:15 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesp/wish/329721014