https://padlet.com/iflores282/lq9v4ktywy7u62d6 en-us 2023-10-04 02:32:01 UTC 2026-03-20 03:35:44 UTC hello@padlet.com https://www.neh.gov/sites/default/files/styles/featured_image_page/public/2018-06/slavetrade2.jpg?h=2ce9aadb&itok=DQLvfA0_ iflores282 https://padlet.com/iflores282/lq9v4ktywy7u62d6/wish/2731312238 The transatlantic slave trade can be better recognized by way of the journey for those who underwent a sequence of devastating events that, by purpose, separated him or her from home, family, and practically everything familiar. The enormity of the transatlantic slave trade can also be understood: during 366 years, European slavers transported nearly 12.5 million Africans onto Atlantic slave ships. Around 11 million people made it through the Middle Passage to settlement and established lives in the North American continent.]]> 2023-10-04 03:07:09 UTC https://padlet.com/iflores282/lq9v4ktywy7u62d6/wish/2731312238 iflores282 https://padlet.com/iflores282/lq9v4ktywy7u62d6/wish/2731321943 The Portuguese and Spanish pioneered the trade, particularly following the establishment of sugar plantations in the Americas. Sugar, grown by enslaved Africans on estates in Brazil and, subsequently, Barbados, was disseminated throughout the Caribbean by European colonists. Planters eventually attempted to cultivate other valuable products, such as grain, tobacco, cocoa, coffee, and cotton, using both European indentured servants and African as well as Indian slaves. Almost 70% of all African laborers in the Americas worked on sugar cane plantations, producing sugar, rum, molasses, and other byproducts for export to Europe, North America, and other parts of the Atlantic continent.]]> 2023-10-04 03:14:16 UTC https://padlet.com/iflores282/lq9v4ktywy7u62d6/wish/2731321943 iflores282 https://padlet.com/iflores282/lq9v4ktywy7u62d6/wish/2731345370  The first journey conveying enslaved individuals from Africa to the Americas is said to have most likely taken place in 1526.

In the 1690s, the number of persons taken away from Africa surpassed 30,000 per year, rising to 85,000 per year over a century later. Between 1700 and 1850, approximately eight out of ten Africans taken into slavery crossed the Atlantic. From 1821 through 1830, more than 80,000 people each year left Africa on slave ships. During the course of the following twenty years, roughly a million more were taken—one-tenth of those taken during the slave trade era.]]> 2023-10-04 03:34:08 UTC https://padlet.com/iflores282/lq9v4ktywy7u62d6/wish/2731345370 iflores282 https://padlet.com/iflores282/lq9v4ktywy7u62d6/wish/2731355579 Over 90% of enslaved Africans were shipped to the Caribbean and South America for slavery.  Only around 6% of African slaves were brought to British North America directly. Nonetheless, by 1825, the US demographic constituted around one-quarter of the Western Hemisphere's inhabitants of African heritage.

For many, The Middle Passage was perilous and terrifying. Men, women, and children were imprisoned naked and crammed close together, as well as the men who were shackled for long periods of time. Approximately 12% of those on board died throughout this expedition.]]> 2023-10-04 03:44:05 UTC https://padlet.com/iflores282/lq9v4ktywy7u62d6/wish/2731355579 iflores282 https://padlet.com/iflores282/lq9v4ktywy7u62d6/wish/2732466113 Despite the fact that Congress abolished the African slave trade in 1808, the domestic slave trade thrived, and the US enslaved population nearly doubled over the subsequent fifty years.

Domestic trade persisted throughout the 1860s, displacing nearly 1.2 million men, women, and children, more than half of whom were brought up in the United States.

Being "sold down the river" was one of the enslaved population's most dreaded prospects. Some sites, notably those of the Louisiana sugar plantations, had a particularly bad rep. The domestic slave trade, however, was horrific because of the loss of family.]]> 2023-10-04 17:04:31 UTC https://padlet.com/iflores282/lq9v4ktywy7u62d6/wish/2732466113 iflores282 https://padlet.com/iflores282/lq9v4ktywy7u62d6/wish/2732500470 The enslaved death rate in the Caribbean, Dutch Guiana, and Brazil was so substantial, and the birth rate so low, that these nations could not sustain their population growth without imports from Africa. Natural decline rates were as high as 5% per year. Whereas the fatality rate of the US enslaved population was roughly comparable to that of Jamaican enslaved people, the birth rate in the US was more than 80 percent greater.

Enslaved people in the United States were a few more generations distant from Africa than those in the Caribbean. The bulk of those enslaved in the British Caribbean and Brazil in the nineteenth century were born in Africa. In contrast, by 1850, the majority of enslaved people in the United States were third, fourth, or fifth generation Americans.]]> 2023-10-04 17:25:55 UTC https://padlet.com/iflores282/lq9v4ktywy7u62d6/wish/2732500470 iflores282 https://padlet.com/iflores282/lq9v4ktywy7u62d6/wish/2732514054 Due to the Atlantic Slave Trade and brutal living and working conditions, enslaved people endured from a variety of agonizing and frequently fatal diseases.

Blindness, belly enlargement, bowed legs, skin rashes, and convulsions were common complaints among enslaved populations. Beriberi (caused by a thiamine deficiency), pellagra (caused by a niacin deficiency), tetany (caused by calcium, magnesium, and Vitamin D deficiencies), rickets (also caused by a Vitamin D deficiency), and kwashiorkor (caused by severe protein deficiency) were all common conditions among enslaved populations.

Conditions of diarrhea, digestive disorders, pneumonia, whooping cough, respiratory infections, and worms increased in many babies and early childhood mortality rate of exploited children to more than twice that of White infants and children.]]> 2023-10-04 17:34:13 UTC https://padlet.com/iflores282/lq9v4ktywy7u62d6/wish/2732514054 iflores282 https://padlet.com/iflores282/lq9v4ktywy7u62d6/wish/2732541664 Costs of people who were enslaved fluctuated dramatically over time due to variables such as supply and variations in commodity prices such as cotton. despite the relative cost of owning and maintaining an enslaved person was considered, slavery remained profitable.

For the sake of the profitability of enslavement and to maximize "return on investment," slaveholders often provided just the bare necessities of food and shelter, and forced their enslaved people to do labor from sunrise to sunset.

Despite these young adult men who were believed to produce the most, young adult women had worth in addition to their capability to work in the fields; they were additionally able to produce children who, by regulations, were also imprisoned by the mother's owner. 

]]> 2023-10-04 17:51:47 UTC https://padlet.com/iflores282/lq9v4ktywy7u62d6/wish/2732541664 iflores282 https://padlet.com/iflores282/lq9v4ktywy7u62d6/wish/2732564618 During the American Revolution (1775–1833), there was strong support in the Northern American colonies for a ban on the importing of more slaves into the country.  On the other hand, Congress hesitated over two decades after the Revolution, at the request of Southern governments, before declaring the importation of enslaved individuals illegal. As Parliament passed the rule in 1808, it was passed with little debate, but Caribbean merchants often disobeyed it until it was implemented by the Northern blockade of the South during the American Civil War in 1861.

Following Great Britain abolishing slavery beyond its dominion in 1833, the British military worked tirelessly to resist the Atlantic slave trade and utilized its ships to try to impede slave-trading activity.  Brazil abolished the commerce of enslaved people in 1850, but importation of newly enslaved individuals into the country persisted until the country finally achieved emancipation in 1888.]]> 2023-10-04 18:07:21 UTC https://padlet.com/iflores282/lq9v4ktywy7u62d6/wish/2732564618