https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe Made with the help of a typing monkey en-us 2020-09-22 13:46:25 UTC 2025-10-26 00:39:38 UTC hello@padlet.com tamaracepedali https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/776409716 Anaerobic cellular respiration is when electrons extracted from a fuel molecule are passed through an electron transport chain, driving ATP synthesis.  ]]> 2020-09-24 15:59:36 UTC https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/776409716 tamaracepedali https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/776423731 The organisms that use anaerobic cellular respiration are prokaryotes, bacteria and archaea that live in low oxygen environments rely on anaerobic respiration to break down fuels ]]> 2020-09-24 16:02:41 UTC https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/776423731 tamaracepedali https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/776508400 An example is the group of archaea called methanols a reduces carbon dioxide to methane to oxidize NADH. These organisms are found in soil and in the digestive tracts of ruminants such as cows and ships. ]]> 2020-09-24 16:19:51 UTC https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/776508400 tamaracepedali https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/776526873 The purpose of anaerobic respiration is to restore stocks of NADH+ as this molecule is needed for glycolysis. By restoring stocks of NADH+ vía anaerobic pathways, the organism can continue to produce ATP via glycolysis  ]]> 2020-09-24 16:23:37 UTC https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/776526873 tamaracepedali https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/776540015 The conversation of pyruvate into lactic acidosis (animals) or ethanol and CO2 (plants) is reversible. Hence pyruvate levels can be restored once oxygen is present and greater yield of ATP may be produced aerobically ]]> 2020-09-24 16:26:22 UTC https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/776540015 karlalozanoni https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777072894 Fermentation pathways consist of glycolysis]]> 2020-09-24 18:15:55 UTC https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777072894 karlalozanoni https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777090884 Both fermentation and cellular respiration start with glycolysis]]> 2020-09-24 18:20:01 UTC https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777090884 karlalozanoni https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777097520 Cellular respiration can’t happen if there isn’t a mitochondria]]> 2020-09-24 18:21:32 UTC https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777097520 karlalozanoni https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777101500 Alcohol fermentation produces ethanol]]> 2020-09-24 18:22:27 UTC https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777101500 karlalozanoni https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777115293 Alcohol fermentation is the process by which ethanol is produced.]]> 2020-09-24 18:25:33 UTC https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777115293 karlalozanoni https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777129607 NADH yields the electrons to a derivative of pyruvate]]> 2020-09-24 18:28:58 UTC https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777129607 florenciakeeganni https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777129918 Fermentation only happens when there’s no oxygen present]]> 2020-09-24 18:29:02 UTC https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777129918 florenciakeeganni https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777183107 When life first began on Earth, most organisms were anaerobic and oxygen was toxic for them. Around 2 billion years ago, Cyanobacteria started doing photosynthesis, creating more and more oxygen in the atmosphere, and most of the Earth’s organisms, which were anaerobic, became extinct. This event is known as The Great Oxygenation Event. ]]> 2020-09-24 18:41:48 UTC https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777183107 florenciakeeganni https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777191685 Many obligate anaerobes can be found in the environment where anaerobic conditions exist, such as in deep sediments of soil, still waters, and at the deepest bottoms of the ocean where there is no photosynthetic life. ]]> 2020-09-24 18:43:56 UTC https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777191685 tamaracepedali https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777644160 Fermentation is an anaerobic process (non-oxygen required) pathway for breaking down glucose, one that’s performed by many types of organisms and cells ]]> 2020-09-24 21:27:39 UTC https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777644160 tamaracepedali https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777650477 The only energy extraction pathway is glycolysis, with one or two extra reactions tacked on at the end ]]> 2020-09-24 21:31:22 UTC https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777650477 florenciakeeganni https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777651549 Obligate anaerobes can also be found in the human body. When tissues are not supplied with blood circulation, they die and become an ideal breeding ground for obligate anaerobes. ]]> 2020-09-24 21:32:03 UTC https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777651549 tamaracepedali https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777654896 Fermentation begins with glycolysis, the pyruvate made in glycolysis does not continue through oxidation and the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain does not run. Because de electron transport chain isn’t functional]]> 2020-09-24 21:33:16 UTC https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777654896 florenciakeeganni https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777655024 Obligate anaerobes cannot grow in the presence of oxygen ]]> 2020-09-24 21:33:21 UTC https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777655024 tamaracepedali https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777657128 The purpose of the extra reactions in fermentation is to generate the electron transport carrier NAD+ from the NADH produced in glycolysis ]]> 2020-09-24 21:34:25 UTC https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777657128 florenciakeeganni https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777658648 Facultative anaerobes are able to grow with or without oxygen. ]]> 2020-09-24 21:35:11 UTC https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777658648 florenciakeeganni https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777660952 Under anaerobic conditions, facultative anaerobes grow by fermentation or anaerobic respiration, but in the presence of oxygen they switch to aerobic respiration. ]]> 2020-09-24 21:36:25 UTC https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777660952 tamaracepedali https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777662328 The extra reactions accomplish this by letting NADH drop it’s electrons off with an organic molecule. This drop off allows glycolysis to keep running by ensuring a steady supply of NAD+]]> 2020-09-24 21:37:05 UTC https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777662328 tamaracepedali https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777665841 Louis Pasteur in the 19th century used the term fermentation in a narrow sense to describe the changes brought about by yeasts and other microorganisms growing in the absence of air ]]> 2020-09-24 21:39:18 UTC https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777665841 florenciakeeganni https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777669529 2020-09-24 21:41:35 UTC https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777669529 florenciakeeganni https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777680328 These obligate anaerobes live in the deepest parts of the ocean because the absence of oxygen there allows them to grow. ]]> 2020-09-24 21:48:48 UTC https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777680328 florenciakeeganni https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777688997 Before being sent into space, spacecraft goes through a “decontamination” process where all present microorganisms are removed, to prevent obligate anaerobes on Earth that can survive harsh conditions (no oxygen, extreme temperatures, radiation, etc) to arrive to other planets and contaminate extraterrestrial land. ]]> 2020-09-24 21:54:43 UTC https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777688997 tamaracepedali https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777768079 Fermentation is a natural process. People applied fermentation to make products such as wine, mead, cheese, bread leavening by yeast, yogurt and beer long before the biochemical process was understood ]]> 2020-09-24 22:53:01 UTC https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777768079 tamaracepedali https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777774930 There are three basic forms of fermentation: lactic acidosis fermentation, ethyl alcohol and acetic fermentation. Each of these kind of fermentation is down to the work of microbes specialized at converting certain substances into others]]> 2020-09-24 22:58:08 UTC https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777774930 karlalozanoni https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777778954 There’s 2 steps to go from pyruvate to ethanol:
1. A carboxyl group is removed from pyruvate and released as carbon dioxide that produces acetaldehyde, which is a two-carbon molecule.
2. NADH gives its electrons to acetaldehyde. This regenerates NAD+ and creates ethanol.]]> 2020-09-24 23:01:34 UTC https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777778954 tamaracepedali https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777782404 Fermenting vegetables not only increases nutrients, but also provides live enzymes and beneficial friendly bacteria. It has a lot of healthy benefits. ]]> 2020-09-24 23:04:06 UTC https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777782404 tamaracepedali https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777788020 Fermentation is a traditional. Food preservation technique that provided humans with food before the invention of mod-cons like fridges and freezers. Probiotics are live bacteria with proven benefits for the gut, metabolism and possibly even mental health ]]> 2020-09-24 23:08:48 UTC https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777788020 karlalozanoni https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777793047 Ethanol found in alcoholic beverages is obtained from alcohol fermentation by yeast]]> 2020-09-24 23:12:57 UTC https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777793047 karlalozanoni https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777796904 Alcohol, just as it is toxic to humans it is also toxic to yeast in large quantities.]]> 2020-09-24 23:16:09 UTC https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777796904 tamaracepedali https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777798115 The nítrate that acts as an electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration produces nitrogen gas as a by-product, and this process is the only route for fixed nitrogen to reach atmosphere ]]> 2020-09-24 23:17:08 UTC https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777798115 karlalozanoni https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777803974 The range of ethanol’s tolerance of yeast depends on the yeast strain and environmental conditions but it goes from 5% to 20%]]> 2020-09-24 23:21:52 UTC https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777803974 tamaracepedali https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777804967 Anaerobic respiration takes place in many environments like freshwater, soil, deep sea surfaces. Some microbes in oxygenated environments also utilize anaerobic respiration because oxygen cannot readily diffuse through their surface ]]> 2020-09-24 23:22:39 UTC https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777804967 tamaracepedali https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777806311 Anaerobic respiration and fermentation take place in the cytoplasm of the prokaryotic cell]]> 2020-09-24 23:23:44 UTC https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777806311 tamaracepedali https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777810500 Only 2 ATP are formed during anaerobic respiration ]]> 2020-09-24 23:26:56 UTC https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777810500 karlalozanoni https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777810854 2020-09-24 23:27:13 UTC https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777810854 tamaracepedali https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777811382 Anaerobic respiration is shorter than aerobic respiration ]]> 2020-09-24 23:27:38 UTC https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777811382 karlalozanoni https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777817071 2020-09-24 23:32:12 UTC https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777817071 karlalozanoni https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777822738 Yeast often function when there’s oxygen but it can also function under anaerobic conditions.]]> 2020-09-24 23:36:45 UTC https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777822738 karlalozanoni https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777825904 It is also known as ethanol fermentation and its purpose is to transform sugars into energy.]]> 2020-09-24 23:39:16 UTC https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777825904 https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777866503 2020-09-25 00:06:56 UTC https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777866503 https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777868761 Is a metabolic process by which glucose or other six-carbon sugars are converted into cellular energy and the metabolite lactate, which is lactic acid in solution.]]> 2020-09-25 00:08:20 UTC https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777868761 https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777873382 If oxygen is present in the cell, many organisms will bypass fermentation and undergo cellular respiration]]> 2020-09-25 00:11:05 UTC https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777873382 https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777878223 Sometimes even when oxygen is present and aerobic metabolism is happening in the mitochondria, if pyruvate is building up faster than it can be metabolized, the fermentation will happen anyway.]]> 2020-09-25 00:14:00 UTC https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777878223 florenciakeeganni https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777879511  Yeast is a single-cell facultative anaerobic organism, which needs food, warmth, and moisture to thrive. It converts its food—sugar and starch—through fermentation, into carbon dioxide and alcohol. It's the carbon dioxide that makes baked goods rise. It’s also used for making beer. ]]> 2020-09-25 00:14:46 UTC https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777879511 florenciakeeganni https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777881027  Yeast is a single-cell organism, which needs food, warmth, and moisture to thrive. It converts its food—sugar and starch—through fermentation, into carbon dioxide and alcohol. It's the carbon dioxide that makes baked goods rise. It’s is also used to make alcoholic beverages such as beer. ]]> 2020-09-25 00:15:37 UTC https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777881027 https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777881812 Lactate dehydrogenase catalyzes the interconversion of pyruvate and lactate with concomitant interconversion of NADH and NAD+.]]> 2020-09-25 00:16:04 UTC https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777881812 florenciakeeganni https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777883343 2020-09-25 00:16:56 UTC https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777883343 https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777883372 2020-09-25 00:16:57 UTC https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777883372 florenciakeeganni https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777883808 2020-09-25 00:17:12 UTC https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777883808 tamaracepedali https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777904307 Lactic acid bacteria perform an essential role in the preservation and production of wholesome foods. The lactic acid fermentations are generally inexpensive, and often little or no heat is required in their preparation, making them fuel efficient as well. Foods fermented with lactic acid play an important role in feeding the world's population on every continent]]> 2020-09-25 00:27:55 UTC https://padlet.com/tamaracepedali/lq7ba2tqpvu65oe/wish/777904307