Integumentary system includes the skin, exocrine glands, hair and nails.

Keratin - main fibrous protein of hair and nails. Helps to waterproof the epidermis.

Stem cells - undifferentiated (non-specialised) cells that can give rise to one or more types of

differentiated (specialised) cell

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) - small, naturally occurring molecules with broad-spectrum activity against bacteria, fungi, viruses

Sebaceous glands - Sebaceous glands are oil-producing glands in the skin that secrete sebum, an oily substance that lubricates hair and skin. They are located in the dermis and are usually associated with hair follicles, opening into the follicular canal. Sebum production is influenced by factors like androgens, and can be affected by age and hormonal changes. Is classed as an exocrine gland

PTH - Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a hormone your parathyroid glands release to control calcium levels in your blood. It also controls phosphorus and vitamin D levels. If your body has too much or too little parathyroid hormone, it can cause symptoms related to abnormal blood calcium levels.

Vasoconstriction - diameter of the arterioles decreases. as a result less blood flows close to the surface of the skin, therefore less thermal energy is transferred by radiation.

Vasodilation - diameter of the arterioles increases. As a result more blood flows through the capillaries close to the skin surface so that more thermal energy is radiated away from the body.

Atopic - In medicine, "atopic" refers to a tendency or predisposition to develop allergic diseases. This predisposition is linked to an exaggerated immune response. Atopic conditions, like eczema, asthma, hay fever, and food allergies, are often seen together in the same individual or within families. 

Protection

Vitamin D synthesis

Cutaneous sensation

Excretion

Temperature regulation

Very good blood supply to these glands.

Exocrine - Product secreted from the gland/duct (sweat / saliva / breastmilk / tears)

Skin

Hair

Nails

Exocrine Glands

(10 marks)