Langston Hughes context timeline by Yoko TAKAHASHI https://padlet.com/takah111226_2/lmc3bxrrwf2ws1ne Langston Hughes and the Harlem Renaissance context research en-us 2021-10-08 02:53:11 UTC 2023-05-21 07:22:45 UTC hello@padlet.com 1619 ~ : Slavery takah111226_2 https://padlet.com/takah111226_2/lmc3bxrrwf2ws1ne/wish/1801538305 In the entire history of slavery, 12.5 million Africans were shipped. 
Slaves were dehumanized through both psychological and physical torment and were used as "resources" to maximize the profits of European settlers/plantation owners etc. 
Slavery, particularly the cotton plantations made the US one of the leading economies in the world.  
Day to Day resistance against violence and sexual abuse/assault took place
 ]]> 2021-10-08 03:04:14 UTC https://padlet.com/takah111226_2/lmc3bxrrwf2ws1ne/wish/1801538305 1865 : 13th Amendement takah111226_2 https://padlet.com/takah111226_2/lmc3bxrrwf2ws1ne/wish/1801552372 Official abolishment of slavery

"Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States"

However, the political and economical rights were still not 
the same as others. 
]]> 2021-10-08 03:10:51 UTC https://padlet.com/takah111226_2/lmc3bxrrwf2ws1ne/wish/1801552372 1877 : Jim Crow Laws takah111226_2 https://padlet.com/takah111226_2/lmc3bxrrwf2ws1ne/wish/1821972541 These laws denied the African American people's rights to vote, get education/jobs, and other opportunities. 
Black prisoners were often given longer sentences than white prisoners. ]]> 2021-10-17 11:38:20 UTC https://padlet.com/takah111226_2/lmc3bxrrwf2ws1ne/wish/1821972541 1870s ~ : Ku Klux Kuan takah111226_2 https://padlet.com/takah111226_2/lmc3bxrrwf2ws1ne/wish/1821984214 A secret society that terrorized black communities
They called their movement including physical assault and murder the "purification" of American society. 
In the 1920s, there was a surge in their movement and they are still present today. 

]]> 2021-10-17 11:48:04 UTC https://padlet.com/takah111226_2/lmc3bxrrwf2ws1ne/wish/1821984214 1916 : The great migration takah111226_2 https://padlet.com/takah111226_2/lmc3bxrrwf2ws1ne/wish/1822004026 Oppressive Jim crow laws forced African Americans out of the south - more than 6 million people left the south between 1916 to 1970.

      Reasons for the relocation
  • new job 
  • education opportunities
  • escape from violence and racism 

"I was leaving the South to fling myself into the unknown…respond to the warmth of other suns and, perhaps, to bloom" 

- The warmth of the other Suns by Isabela Wilkerson 

]]> 2021-10-17 12:07:32 UTC https://padlet.com/takah111226_2/lmc3bxrrwf2ws1ne/wish/1822004026 1918 : WW1 ends takah111226_2 https://padlet.com/takah111226_2/lmc3bxrrwf2ws1ne/wish/1822008744 Black pride emerged early in Harlem after the first all-black battalion, the Harlem hell fighters returned from the war.
The U.S. became a leading economy power]]> 2021-10-17 12:13:13 UTC https://padlet.com/takah111226_2/lmc3bxrrwf2ws1ne/wish/1822008744 1950s /1960s : Civil rights movement takah111226_2 https://padlet.com/takah111226_2/lmc3bxrrwf2ws1ne/wish/1822012360 A movement of a struggle for social justice took place mainly during the 1950s & 1960s for Black Americans to gain equal rights. The Civil War had officially abolished slavery, but it didn’t end discrimination against Black people per se.
This movement aimed to end legalized racial discrimination, disenfranchisement, and racial segregation in the U.S.


      Influential activists
  • Martin Luther King Jr.
  • Rosa Parks
While the Northern states were able to accept legislation,
Southern states were slower to modify their conservative way of thinking.


]]> 2021-10-17 12:17:31 UTC https://padlet.com/takah111226_2/lmc3bxrrwf2ws1ne/wish/1822012360 1920~ : Harlem Renaissance takah111226_2 https://padlet.com/takah111226_2/lmc3bxrrwf2ws1ne/wish/1840127696 An intellectual and cultural revival of African American music, dance, art, fashion, literature, theater, and politics centered in Harlem, Manhattan

 "New Negro"
The term is used to describe the rejection of the idea that African Americans should submit to white power. 
The idea/term involved questioning traditional aesthetic standards and celebrating black pride.


Jazz Music 
  • Duke Ellington
  • Louis Armstrong
  • Fletcher Henderson
  • Bessie Smith
  • Langston Hughes
  • Zora Neale Hurston

Literature 
  • Jazz poetries - Langston Hughes 
  • Countee Cullen

  • Zora Neale Hurston


The cotton club 
  • A white-owned and “whites-only” Harlem nightclub
  • Featured many famous black musicians and performers
  • It was a way for many black musicians and performers to earn money
  • Was decorated with racist imagery of plantations and jungles

]]> 2021-10-25 00:38:39 UTC https://padlet.com/takah111226_2/lmc3bxrrwf2ws1ne/wish/1840127696 1920s : economic growth takah111226_2 https://padlet.com/takah111226_2/lmc3bxrrwf2ws1ne/wish/1840140562
  • Economic growth
  • Boom in construction
  • High employment rate
    • The main reasons for America's economic boom in the 1920s were technological progress which led to the mass production of goods, the electrification of America, new mass marketing techniques, the availability of cheap credit and increased employment which, in turn, created a huge amount of consumers.
    ]]>     2021-10-25 00:44:24 UTC https://padlet.com/takah111226_2/lmc3bxrrwf2ws1ne/wish/1840140562     1929 : Stock Market Crash takah111226_2 https://padlet.com/takah111226_2/lmc3bxrrwf2ws1ne/wish/1840148040 started in September and ended late in October, when share prices on the New York Stock Exchange collapsed
    Billions of dollars were lost, wiping out thousands of investors. In the aftermath of Black Tuesday, America and the rest of the industrialized world spiraled downward into the Great Depression. ]]>     2021-10-25 00:47:53 UTC https://padlet.com/takah111226_2/lmc3bxrrwf2ws1ne/wish/1840148040     1929-1939 : The great depression takah111226_2 https://padlet.com/takah111226_2/lmc3bxrrwf2ws1ne/wish/1840159427 the deepest and longest-lasting economic downturn in the history of the Western industrialized world up to that time

    African Americans were particularly hard hit, as they were the
    "Last hired, first fired"

    Effects
    • The economy shrank by 50%
    • Shaking confidence in capitalism
    • 25% unemployment rate
    • Everyone was affected, but African Americans were affected more
    • Unemployment rates for African Americans were at 50%, 2x that of white Americans“last hired, first fired”
    • Already assigned lower-paying professions
    • Had less financial cushion to fall back on when the economy collapsed
    • Gave the incentive to rise of African-American activism >> groundwork for the Civil Rights Movement 1950s & 1960s
    • Low paying jobs were replaced by whites who needed occupation
    ]]>     2021-10-25 00:52:59 UTC https://padlet.com/takah111226_2/lmc3bxrrwf2ws1ne/wish/1840159427     1933-1939 : The new deal takah111226_2 https://padlet.com/takah111226_2/lmc3bxrrwf2ws1ne/wish/1840534004
  • Instigated by President Franklin D. Roosevelt between 1933 & 1939
  • A series of programs, public work projects, financial reforms, and regulations
  • Focused on the 3Rs:
    • Relief for the unemployed and poor
    • Recovery of the economy back to normal levels
    • Reform of the financial system to prevent a repeat depression.

    • Due to the Jim Crow laws, even the New Deal was discriminatory against African Americans
      • E.g. Whites got to pick their jobs at a higher wage
      • Did little to challenge existing racial discrimination
    • The New Deal provided support for those in financial difficulty
    • A common job for African Americans was to be a porter on sleeper trains, which was rather stable
      • Best job in the community, worst on the train

    ]]>     2021-10-25 03:52:07 UTC https://padlet.com/takah111226_2/lmc3bxrrwf2ws1ne/wish/1840534004