https://padlet.com/ashvcue2014/lkx5rkrmxlk0z3nm Overview en-us 2021-10-09 17:18:59 UTC 2021-10-10 19:20:43 UTC hello@padlet.com ashvcue2014 https://padlet.com/ashvcue2014/lkx5rkrmxlk0z3nm/wish/1804348130 2021-10-09 17:19:59 UTC https://padlet.com/ashvcue2014/lkx5rkrmxlk0z3nm/wish/1804348130 ashvcue2014 https://padlet.com/ashvcue2014/lkx5rkrmxlk0z3nm/wish/1804357755 Consists of the brain and spinal cord 
Receives sensory information and initiates motor output 


Source: ANS Part 1 Powerpoint Slide]]> 2021-10-09 17:29:06 UTC https://padlet.com/ashvcue2014/lkx5rkrmxlk0z3nm/wish/1804357755 ashvcue2014 https://padlet.com/ashvcue2014/lkx5rkrmxlk0z3nm/wish/1804361355 Consists of 12 pairs of cranial nerves along with 31 pairs of spinal nerves
Divided into the somatic and visceral (two divisions)

Source: ANS Part 1 Powerpoint slide ]]> 2021-10-09 17:32:39 UTC https://padlet.com/ashvcue2014/lkx5rkrmxlk0z3nm/wish/1804361355 ashvcue2014 https://padlet.com/ashvcue2014/lkx5rkrmxlk0z3nm/wish/1804368401 Innervates the skeletal muscle and it is considered the voluntary control 

Source - ANS Part 1 Powerpoint]]> 2021-10-09 17:39:20 UTC https://padlet.com/ashvcue2014/lkx5rkrmxlk0z3nm/wish/1804368401 ashvcue2014 https://padlet.com/ashvcue2014/lkx5rkrmxlk0z3nm/wish/1804369770 innervates cardiac and smooth muscle of internal organs and glands
Involuntary control
Preganglionic nerve - emerges from spinal cord 
Postganglionic nerve - travels from ganglion to internal organ or gland 

Source: ANS Part 1 Powerpoint]]> 2021-10-09 17:40:41 UTC https://padlet.com/ashvcue2014/lkx5rkrmxlk0z3nm/wish/1804369770 ashvcue2014 https://padlet.com/ashvcue2014/lkx5rkrmxlk0z3nm/wish/1804373426 Short preganglionic neuron that releases Ach (acetylcholnie) to postganglionic neuron (long) to Nicotinic receptors - which then releases NE (norepinephrine) to the adrenergic receptors at target cell (smooth muscle, cardiac muscles, glands, sweat glands)

Source: ANS Part 1 Powerpoint Slide ]]> 2021-10-09 17:44:08 UTC https://padlet.com/ashvcue2014/lkx5rkrmxlk0z3nm/wish/1804373426 ashvcue2014 https://padlet.com/ashvcue2014/lkx5rkrmxlk0z3nm/wish/1804373800 Preganglionic neuron (long) - releases Ach (acetylcholine) to a nicotinic receptor in the postganglionic neuron (short),which releases Ach to cholinergic (muscarinic/nicotonic) receptors in the target cell (smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands)

Source - ANS Part 2 Powerpoint Slide ]]> 2021-10-09 17:44:30 UTC https://padlet.com/ashvcue2014/lkx5rkrmxlk0z3nm/wish/1804373800 ashvcue2014 https://padlet.com/ashvcue2014/lkx5rkrmxlk0z3nm/wish/1804414179 Alpha 1: found in gland, smooth muscle (contraction and vasoconstriction, which increases BP), eyes(dilation of the pupil), most arteries and veins - stimulated by NE and EPI 
 effects: excitation/contraction/vasoconstriction/dilation of pupil and closing of sphincters 
Alpha 2: relaxation/inhibition, decreases contraction of smooth muscle (vasodilation - lowers BP), decreases release of NE (regulates the release)
Beta 1 - found in cardiac muscle fibers - effect is excitation - increase force of contraction, heart rate, and conduction 
Beta 2 - located on smooth muscle (relaxation), lungs(bronchodilation), uterus(relaxation), skeletal muscle arteries(vasodilation), coronary arteries(vasodilation)

Source: ANS Part 1 Lecture powerpoint slides.]]> 2021-10-09 18:24:03 UTC https://padlet.com/ashvcue2014/lkx5rkrmxlk0z3nm/wish/1804414179 ashvcue2014 https://padlet.com/ashvcue2014/lkx5rkrmxlk0z3nm/wish/1804422850 Nicotinic Receptors: 
Nicotinic 1 - at ganglia of parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves 
Nicotinic 2 - somatic, neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscle 
Effects: if stimulation, muscle contracts 

Muscarinic Receptor: located on cardiac, smooth muscle, and glands
Effects: decrease HR, bronchoconstriction, increase digestion and GI secretions, increased urination, and pupillary constriction

Source: ANS Part 2 Lecture Slides]]> 2021-10-09 18:32:55 UTC https://padlet.com/ashvcue2014/lkx5rkrmxlk0z3nm/wish/1804422850 ashvcue2014 https://padlet.com/ashvcue2014/lkx5rkrmxlk0z3nm/wish/1805845607 Adrenal Medulla - release of epinephrine 
Arteries - vasoconstriction
Heart - increases contractibility 
Intestines, GI motility and secretion - decreased 
Pupil of the eye - dilation (mydriasis)
Respiratory passeges - bronchodilation 
Urinary Bladder - Relaxation 
Urinary Sphincter - contraction 

Source: ANS Part 1 Lecture Powerpoint slide.]]> 2021-10-10 17:56:51 UTC https://padlet.com/ashvcue2014/lkx5rkrmxlk0z3nm/wish/1805845607 ashvcue2014 https://padlet.com/ashvcue2014/lkx5rkrmxlk0z3nm/wish/1805877404 Sympathomimetics - drugs that mimic the sympathetic system (agonists)
Ex. Alpha-1 Receptor Agonists - contraction of smooth muscle, blood vessels constrict, increase in BP, vasocontriction of nasal passageway - decongestant effect.
Drug: phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine®)
Ex. Beta-1 Agonist - vasodilation and increased renal blood flow in kidneys (low dose), increases force of contraction and cardiac output (moderate dose), vasoconstriction -increase in BP (high dose)
Drug: dobutamine
Ex. Beta-2 Agonists - relaxation of smooth muscle of the lungs and of the uterus
Drug: terbutaline (Brethine®)-bronchodilator, uterine relaxant

Sympatholytics - drugs that work against the sympathetic system (antagonists)
Ex. Alpha-1 Adrengic Blocking Drugs - binds to alpha-1 receptors and blocks them which causes relaxation of smooth muscle, vasodilation of blood vessels, decreases BP, and relaxes smooth muscle of ureters and increase urine flow.
Drug: prazosin (Minipress®)
Ex. Beta-1 Blocker - decreases force of contraction, HR, conduction and cardiac output
Drug: atenolol (Tenormin®)
Ex. Beta-2 Blocker-decreases force of contraction, CO, HR, conduction, and causes bronchoconstriction
Drug: propanolol(Inderal®) 

Source: ANS Part 1 Lecture Slides

]]> 2021-10-10 18:21:57 UTC https://padlet.com/ashvcue2014/lkx5rkrmxlk0z3nm/wish/1805877404 ashvcue2014 https://padlet.com/ashvcue2014/lkx5rkrmxlk0z3nm/wish/1805882512 Decreased HR, conduction, and contractility 
Bronchoconstriction 
Constriction of the pupil of the eye (miosis)
Increased digestion 
Urinary bladder contraction 
Urinary sphincter relaxation 
Increased urination and defecation 
(Most arteries are not supplied by the parasympathetic nerves)

Source: ANS Part 2 Lecture Slides ]]> 2021-10-10 18:25:59 UTC https://padlet.com/ashvcue2014/lkx5rkrmxlk0z3nm/wish/1805882512 ashvcue2014 https://padlet.com/ashvcue2014/lkx5rkrmxlk0z3nm/wish/1805911323 Parasympathomimetics - drugs that mimics the parasympathetic NS (agonists)
Ex. Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists - directly stimulates/bind to the muscarinic receptors in the parasympathetic division - mimics ACH
Drug: pilocarpine (Pilocar - pupil constriction - decrease amount of fluid in eye - decreases intraocular pressure
Ex. Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists - inhibit acetylcholinesterase, the enzyme that destroys ACH in the synapse, increase ACH
Drug: neostigmine (Prostigmin®)

Parasympatholytics- drugs that work against the parasympathetic system (antagonists)
Ex. Anticholinergic - binds to a cholinergic receptor and acts as a blocking drug - competitive antagonism
Drug:dicyclomine (Bentyl®) - decreases GI secretions and motility 

Source: ANS Part 2 Lecture Slides ]]> 2021-10-10 18:48:49 UTC https://padlet.com/ashvcue2014/lkx5rkrmxlk0z3nm/wish/1805911323