https://padlet.com/2020473708/lj8a34ajex229gzr en-us 2022-11-16 01:49:06 UTC 2022-12-17 08:42:48 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/1415902333/73aaefa02388ff6e54934aefd90ae0c8/Earth_Hour_IG_.png 2020473708 https://padlet.com/2020473708/lj8a34ajex229gzr/wish/2386047342 Discussion

• Chose a topic
• Came up with main points

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Brief discussion

Gather articles 

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Cultural portrayal in animated films benefits on the exploitation of cultures

• Cultural appropriation discredits minority groups 

1. As cross-cultural communication becomes a global attraction, Disney implements cultural appropriation as a way to develop their foreign market (Chen et. al, 2021).
2. Cultural appropriation is the act of adopting elements from minority or marginalised cultures of which the appropriator does not belong to (Domas, 2021). 
3. Cultural appropriation becomes exploitative when it robs oppressed groups of the credit and opportunity they deserve (Nittle, 2021). 
4. Despite being a film centralising on Southeast Asian cultures, most of the cast of “Raya and the Last Dragon” are of East Asian descent (Pericherla, 2022).  
5. Additionally, the film was also released on Disney+, a streaming platform that was not even available to the majority of Southeast Asia regions during the release of the film (Pericherla, 2022).

• Cultures are commodified for the sake of profit

1. Elements of other cultures are inappropriately adopted as they get altered for entertainment purposes (Welle, 2021). 
2. Disney’s film “Mulan” is an example of inappropriate adaptation.
3. Certain Chinese cultural values were selectively disposed of and replaced with Western ideologies (Yin, 2014). 
4. In place of China’s strong collectivism values, they regarded Mulan as an individualistic individual who seeked to be liberated from her social role and collectivistic identity (Yin, 2014). 
5. Additionally, a study found that the Chinese considered the Chinese elements in the film to be more like “Chinese elements in the eyes of the west” rather than real Chinese elements (Chen et al, 2021).
6. Nowadays, films are intentionally implementing diversities both in their crew and cast for the sake of financial incentives (Dhami, 2021).    

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Cultural portrayal in animated movies instil cultural stereotypes to the audience

• Invoke negative perception towards the “other” cultures

1.  Cultural portrayals in animated movies are adapted in a way that gives bad stereotypes to the culture that is being portrayed and simultaneously alienates it which is an act of othering. 
2. These stereotypical depictions were consciously adopted to provide young audiences with distorted facts about others and thus perpetuating and reinforcing racism (Khaoula, 2016).
3. This is the result of globalization where people want to standardize everything and forget authenticity and originality which impacts cultures that are unique and colourful in their own ways.
4. The makers of culture adhere to a set of racial presumptions in order for cultural globalisation to succeed, which has the devastating effects of portraying entire population segments negatively or condescendingly and showing disregard for local issues (Falkowska, 2015).
5. The visualization of the “other” like in Disney content and traditional artforms guarantees that the stereotype will be carried over to the next generation of viewers because art is universally understood (Domas, 2021).

• Subtle way of implanting stereotypes through non-human characters

1.  Animals are used as characters with assigned racial human traits to subtly stereotyping races.
2. Despite the criticism, stereotyping through animals seems to be a very common technique for humour during the more modern Disney eras as well since stereotypical creatures are arguably inserted to offer comic relief. (Lindgren, 2020).
3. For example, the main crow in the 1941 film Dumbo is named Jim Crow, ironically after the racial segregation laws and the crows are voiced by a white man who does his best black voice to give the animals stereotypical African-American traits and ways of acting, and they are consistently portrayed as being less intelligent than humans throughout the film (Khaoula, 2016). 
4. Since Disney's animated film reflects its western producers' "inferior perspective of the other," it cannot be viewed as an innocent and straightforward act of consumption. (Khaoula, 2016).

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Cultural portrayal in animated movies help motivate socio-cultural awareness among children

• Effective in delivering the intended values through the story

1. Animation can be used to tell stories of significant socio-cultural values to educate audiences while at the same time entertain them (Azan & Yuhanis, 2008).
2. A narrator is utilised to convey the introduction of the story and to emphasise the moral value that can be adopted from the animated series (Malini et. al, 2015).
3. Upin and Ipin animation has successfully promoted Malaysian folklore culture and has significantly portrayed the art of Malaysian values including Islamic values by providing the platform for harmonious relationships among different societies or groups or religious backgrounds (Dahlan, 2015).
4. Children may find it easier to learn a second language if they know about the culture (Kuo & Lai, 2006).
5. Netflix has good localization strategies, people from all over the world can stream any movie they want with subtitles in any language they want, or they can choose a dubbed version of the show or movie.
   
   
   

• Able to bring traditional arts and crafts into the domain of public knowledge

1. Culture is manifested in music, literature, painting and sculpture, theatre, film and other things that are produced by human activities (Hafiz, 2008).
2. It is easier for students to understand the content through films because they can see others’ culture in the films, they do not have to go abroad to see different cultures (Serliah, 2014).
3. For instance, Upin and Ipin portrayed more of a cultural environment where it provides a different domain to various characteristics that define the country that we live in, i.e. food, traditional clothing, religion (Dahlan, 2015).
4. Celebrating differences in cultures can also bring new understanding (McDonald, 2020).
5. The portrayal of cultural elements of traditional arts and crafts in animated movies or films are most effective to carry forward the cultural heritage in the long run (Kolay, 2016).
6. No matter the appearances of the animation, as long as it deals with traditional elements, showing traditional culture then it represents the cultures’ identity (Hafiz, 2008). 
   
   

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Cultural representation in animated movies contributes to the creation of safe space for minorities and social work education

•  Disney allow people from minorities culture to feel included and intrinsically connected to those of their identities

1. Representation contributes to the creation of safe spaces for minorities because It allows people of all ages to see themselves in the media, and they can have characters they resonate with and make them feel as if they are seen and valid. (Andrew, 2017)
2. Disney movies are a platform catered to young audiences, therefore they can aid in promoting awareness and educating children about various cultures which can help fight xenophobia, racism, and stereotypes. 
3. For instance, people from Southeast and East Asia are frequently mistaken for Chinese but This type of incident would have been avoided if various Asian ethnic groups had been more accurately portrayed in the media, which would have also helped people realise that Asia is home to a variety of unique ethnic groups, each with their own distinct cultures. (Isabel, 2018)     

• By examining multicultural imagery, Disney movies' cultural representation helps in the improvement of social work education.

1. Disney movies are a fantastic resource for social work teaching because they are well-known, enjoyable, and loaded with subliminal messages about capitalism, class, racism, and other social constructs. (Katherine & Cindy, 2015)
2. In the classrooms, analysis of mass media productions elicits dynamic and thoughtful discussion, often accompanied by ‘aha’ revelations.
3. At Western Kentucky University, social work educators Cappiccie et al. (2012) use a consciousness-raising method to expose students to the ‘microaggressions’ that are depicted in Disney animations. 
4. In the 2016 Walt Disney movie "Zootopia", the movie's protagonist is portrayed as a young rabbit, one of the lesser animal species, who also happens to be a female who wants to work as a police officer in a big metropolis and  experiences the difficulties of needing to establish her ability in a reputable workforce. 
5. Similar to how the weak are routinely humiliated and degraded by the powerful in our society, the other roles are played by wild animals who are continually in the way of the rabbit and  This is a representation of the biases and prejudices we encounter every day in our lives. (Chakravorty, 2021)
6. The messages in Disney movies are sufficiently subtle, the messages that were entirely overlooked on previous occasions including childhood can now, as students return to them, be viewed with a critical eye. 

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Consultation with Madam Suchithra

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Make the outline

Brief discussions

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Consultation with Madam Suchithra

• Culture has been monetized (Harm 1)
• Overgeneralizing the culture (Good 1)
• Establishing standard, globalisation (Harm 2) 
• Language can be an important element (Good 2) 

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Discussion

Update the outline

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Finalise outline

Practice session

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Final practice session

Finalise portfolio

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Forum discussion

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Portfolio submission

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