[상황] My second story is about love and loss. I was lucky — I found what I loved to do early in life. Woz and I started Apple in my parents’ garage when I was 20. We worked hard, and in 10 years Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4000 employees.

[위기] We had just released our finest creation — the Macintosh — a year earlier, and I had just turned 30. And then I got fired. How can you get fired from a company you started? Well, as Apple grew we hired someone who I thought was very talented to run the company with me, and for the first year or so things went well. But then our visions of the future began to diverge and eventually we had a falling out. When we did, our Board of Directors sided with him. So at 30 I was out. And very publicly out. What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating. I really didn't know what to do for a few months. I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs down — that I had dropped the baton as it was being passed to me. I met with David Packard and Bob Noyce and tried to apologize for screwing up so badly. I was a very public failure, and I even thought about running away from the valley. But something slowly began to dawn on me — I still loved what I did. The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit. I had been rejected, but I was still in love. And so I decided to start over.

[극복]I didn't see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me. The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life. During the next five years, I started a company named NeXT, another company named Pixar, and fell in love with an amazing woman who would become my wife. Pixar went on to create the world’s first computer animated feature film(장편 영화), Toy Story, and is now the most successful animation studio in the world. In a remarkable turn of events, Apple bought NeXT, I returned to Apple, and the technology we developed at NeXT is at the heart of Apple's current renaissance. And Laurene and I have a wonderful family together. I'm pretty sure none of this would have happened if I hadn't been fired from Apple. It was awful tasting medicine, but I guess the patient needed it.

[교훈]Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick. Don't lose faith. I'm convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did. You've got to find what you love. And that is as true for your work as it is for your lovers. Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work. And the only way to do great work is to love what you do. If you haven't found it yet, keep looking. Don't settle. As with all matters of the heart, you'll know when you find it. And, like any great relationship, it just gets better and better as the years roll on. So keep looking until you find it. Don't settle.

사랑과 상실

[상황]
내 두 번째 이야기는 사랑과 상실에 대한 것입니다. 나는 운이 좋았습니다. 인생에서 내가 사랑하는 일을 일찍 찾았으니까요. 워즈(Woz)와 나는 내가 20살이었을 때 부모님의 차고에서 애플을 시작했습니다. 우리는 열심히 일했고, 10년 만에 애플은 차고에서 시작한 두 명의 작은 팀에서 직원 4000명 규모의 20억 달러 기업으로 성장했습니다.

[위기]
우리는 막 최고의 창작물인 매킨토시를 출시했고, 나는 막 30살이 되었습니다. 그리고 그때 나는 해고당했습니다. 어떻게 자신이 창립한 회사에서 해고될 수 있을까요? 애플이 성장하면서 나는 함께 회사를 운영할 매우 유능한 사람을 고용했다고 생각했습니다. 처음 1년 정도는 모든 것이 순조롭게 진행되었습니다. 하지만 시간이 지나면서 우리의 미래에 대한 비전이 달라졌고, 결국 의견 충돌이 일어났습니다. 그리고 이 과정에서 이사회(Board of Directors)는 그 사람의 편을 들었습니다. 그래서 나는 30살에 회사에서 쫓겨났습니다. 그것도 아주 공개적으로 말이죠.

내 성인의 모든 시간을 바쳐온 것이 하루아침에 사라졌고, 그것은 정말 참담한 일이었습니다. 몇 개월 동안 나는 무엇을 해야 할지 전혀 몰랐습니다. 나는 이전 세대의 기업가들에게 큰 실망을 안겨준 것 같았고, 그들에게 넘겨받은 바통을 떨어뜨린 기분이었습니다. 나는 데이비드 패커드(David Packard)와 밥 노이스(Bob Noyce)를 만나 큰 실수를 저질렀다고 사과하기도 했습니다. 나는 모두가 보는 앞에서 실패했고, 심지어 실리콘밸리를 떠날 생각까지 했습니다. 하지만 시간이 흐르면서 서서히 깨닫게 된 것이 있었습니다. 나는 여전히 내가 하는 일을 사랑하고 있었습니다. 애플에서의 사건은 그것을 조금도 바꾸지 않았습니다. 나는 거절당했지만, 여전히 내가 하는 일에 사랑에 빠져 있었습니다. 그래서 나는 다시 시작하기로 결심했습니다.

[극복]
그때는 몰랐지만, 애플에서 해고당한 것은 내 인생에서 일어난 가장 좋은 일이었습니다. 성공해야 한다는 무거운 부담감이 사라지고, 다시 시작하는 초심자의 가벼움이 찾아왔습니다. 모든 것이 확실하지 않은 상태가 오히려 나를 자유롭게 했고, 내 인생에서 가장 창의적인 시기를 맞이할 수 있도록 해주었습니다.

그 후 5년 동안, 나는 NeXT라는 회사를 설립했고, 또 다른 회사인 Pixar를 만들었으며, 나의 아내가 된 놀라운 여성과 사랑에 빠졌습니다. Pixar는 세계 최초의 컴퓨터 애니메이션 장편 영화인 토이 스토리를 제작했고, 현재 가장 성공한 애니메이션 스튜디오가 되었습니다. 놀랍게도 애플이 NeXT를 인수하면서 나는 다시 애플로 돌아왔고, NeXT에서 개발한 기술이 애플의 부활 중심에 놓이게 되었습니다. 그리고 로렌과 나는 아름다운 가정을 이루었습니다.

만약 내가 애플에서 해고되지 않았다면 이 모든 일이 일어나지 않았을 것입니다. 그것은 정말 끔찍한 약이었지만, 환자에게 꼭 필요한 약이었던 셈입니다.

[교훈]
때때로 인생은 당신의 머리를 벽돌로 내리칩니다. 하지만 믿음을 잃지 마세요. 나를 버티게 한 유일한 것은 내가 하는 일을 사랑했다는 사실입니다. 당신은 반드시 당신이 사랑하는 것을 찾아야 합니다. 그것은 일에서도, 사랑에서도 마찬가지입니다.

당신의 일이 인생에서 큰 부분을 차지할 것입니다. 그리고 진정으로 만족하는 유일한 방법은 당신이 위대한 일이라고 믿는 일을 하는 것입니다. 그리고 위대한 일을 할 수 있는 유일한 방법은 당신이 하는 일을 사랑하는 것입니다.

아직 그것을 찾지 못했다면, 계속 찾아보세요. 멈추지 마세요. 사랑과 관련된 모든 일처럼, 당신이 찾았을 때 직감적으로 알게 될 것입니다. 그리고 훌륭한 관계처럼, 그것은 시간이 흐를수록 더욱 좋아질 것입니다. 그러니 계속해서 찾으세요. 멈추지 마세요.

1. 나의 의견

-성적보다 __ 이 중요하다

2. 그 이유

-

3. 관련 사례/예시

-

4. 한 문장 정리

-

You will be answering questions in the interview.

#Constraints(제약)

- Your responses should be concise and limited to 1 or 2 sentences

- Use CEFR B1 level words. However, some technical terms are allowed.

- Do not leave out any key ideas from the Q&A.

#Input(명령 내용)

Suppose you have profession suggested in Q1 and answer based on the Q&A Below.

Do not answer before I ask each question.

When I say end of the interview, print the conversation we’ve had.

#Q&A

1. What is your profession?

2. What motivated you to pursue this career?

3. What challenges did you overcome?

4. What was your proudest moment?

5. What strengths contributed to your success?

6. What are your core values?

7. What are your future plans?

8. Message from My Future Self

#Output

2. https://www.naturalreaders.com/online/

3. https://app.play.ht/voices/voice-library

1. 'Voice Library' 들어가서 대본 복사 후 붙여넣기 하기

2. 상단 바에서 속도 0.8x정도로 설정하기

3. 재생버튼 눌러 들어보기

Depending on the music, depending on the personality, the learning effect varies.

There are advantages and disadvantages when listening to a song.

According to experts, music helps you stay immersed by creating a study atmosphere, especially when working repetitively or simply. Favorite music can also calm your mood, but it can also distract you and disrupt your study of language-focused subjects.

Learning effects can also vary depending on music. According to an experiment conducted by Cardiff Metropolitan University in the U.K., 61% of the respondents answered correctly in a quiet environment, 55% of the respondents without lyrics, 38% of the respondents with unfavorable lyrics, and 37% of the respondents with preferred lyrics. The group who studied without music performed the best, and music with lyrics negatively affected learning.

In addition, the learning effect may vary depending on personality. According to the recent Baruch New York City University and Rutgers University in the United States, a loud personality can lower the performance effect of music in any situations and a calm personality can lower the performance effect in difficult cognitive performance, but in most other situations, it has increased the performance effect.

The learning effect of music varies from person to person. Find a way to study that suits you.

The topic I'm going to present is why I don't want to do what others tell me to do

There are many reasons for this psychology

The first is the infringement of the right to self-determination.

The right to self-determination is the right to make its own decisions without interference from the state in private,According to Richard Ryan, a professor of psychology at Catholic University, resistance can occur if it violates autonomy, or the belief that one can choose one's own behavior, which is the first of the psychological needs

The second is a change in motivation

If you put pressure on the outside to behave in a certain way, the inner motivation decreases and the inner motivation increases when the outer motivation is informative

In conclusion, don't ask others to give you motivation

First, I compared the state of the brain that studied a lot with the state of the brain that studied moderately.

Studying for exams naturally affects the brain, especially the frontal lobe, and if you focus for a long time, you will feel fatigue in the frontal lobe, which will lead to energy depletion and body fatigue.

Eventually, the efficiency decreases, making you feel dazed or unable to concentrate .However, the brain that has studied moderately can study in good condition because the frontal lobe consumes glucose properly. The day before the test is not a time to build knowledge, but a time to organize knowledge.Instead of increasing the amount of study than usual, it is recommended to study while resting for about 4-6 hours to maintain the best condition.

: 프로야구단은 단순히 야구를 하는 단체가 아닙니다. 야구단은 우리 사회의 경제적 측면에서 상당한 영향을 끼치고 있습니다

On the day of the game, the floating population and card usage in the region increase. For example, in Imdong, where the Tigers' home stadium is located, the floating population increased by 100,000 people compared to the day when there was no professional baseball game, and card consumption increased by 600 million won

: 경기가 열리는날에 지역의 유동인구와 카드 사용량이 증가합니다. 예를 들어 타이거즈의 홈경기장이 있는 임동의 경우 프로야구 경기가 있는날이 없느날보다 유동인구가 10만명가량 증가하고 이에따라 카드 소비가 6억원 가량 늘었습니다

If the baseball team wins the championship, the club's media exposure and public interest increase. At this time, the name of the sponsor company is also exposed, raising public awareness and spreading the positive image of winning to the brand, which can instill a positive perception among consumers

: 만약 야구단이 우승까지 한다면 구단은 미디어 노출이 증가하게 되고 대중의 관심이 증가합니다, 이때 후원기업의 이름도 함께 노출되어서 대중들에게 인지도가 상승하고 우승이라는 긍정적 이미지가 브랜드에도 전이 되어서 소비자에게 긍정적 인식을 심어줄 수 있습니다

Which team will win this year's professional baseball? I think we can better understand these effects by comparing the differences in public perception before and after the championship at the end of this year

: 올해 프로야구는 어느팀이 우승을 하게 될까요? 올해가 끝나고 우승팀의 우승 전 후 대중들 인식 차이를 비교해보면 이러한 효과를 더욱 잘 이해할 수 있을 것 같습니다

First, crazy on one thing. To reach your goal, you have to be crazy with one thing. For example, Elon Musk worked hard for 10 to 15 years to achieve his goals. How many years have you worked for yours?

Second, wake up early every day. To get what you want, start earlier and work harder than anyone else. Warren Buffett started investing in stocks when he was 11 years old and has been growing as an investor for over 80 years.

Third, if you don’t have a skill, at least start working out. Instead of wasting time being lazy at home, go to the gym and lift some weights. If that’s too hard, it means you lack willpower. Wasting time only makes you weaker.

The most important thing is consistency. If you keep going, no matter what, you can succeed.

So the white noise makes me concentrate well why is that? the reason is that white noise removes the surrounding noise and stimulates the brain in a certain way to secure concentration

For example when you study you can be brothered by the noise of someone who is making noise you can reduce the noise to secure concentration so these white noises can be heard in study cafes and the white noise gives babies a sense of stability by giving them a calm to need

However if you hear it too loud it will put pressure on your ears so it is important to keep the volume and time

By analyzing the properties of sound and how people respond to it, we can develop useful technologies such as noise reduction systems and eco-friendly materials. Understanding sound waves and their interaction with materials helps improve our daily environment.

Generally, when we eat food, it travels through the mouth and esophagus to the liver, where it is broken down for digestion as part of the digestive system. For those who want a more detailed explanation, I’ll now go into depth about the liver.

First, the liver is located in the abdomen specifically, in the upper right quadrant, just below the diaphragm. It is the largest and most complex organ in the body. The liver is divided into four lobes: the right lobe, left lobe, quadrate lobe, and caudate lobe. Now that we know its location, let’s discuss its functions. The liver performs detoxification, blood circulation management, metabolic control, and more. Today, I’ll focus on explaining these key roles.

I’ll explain two major metabolic functions: Carbohydrate Metabolism: The liver converts glycogen into glucose when needed to maintain blood sugar levels and generate bioenergy.

Protein Metabolism: The liver produces albumin and clotting factors, stores nutrients (such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and vitamins) absorbed through the intestines, and produces bile acids to help digest fats, which are then released into the duodenum.

The liver normally holds about 450ml of blood (almost 10% of the body’s total blood volume) in the hepatic veins and portal sinusoids. When pressure in the right atrium increases, the liver expands and can store an additional 0.5~1L of blood, releasing it when necessary.

The liver metabolizes and breaks down various drugs, playing a key role in detoxifying the body. However, many people don’t realize this and sometimes take medication on an empty stomach without thinking. Have you ever experienced stomach pain after doing so? I have. Why does this happen?

Many drugs contain toxins. If the liver cannot process them properly, the drugs can turn into toxic substances, damaging liver cells and causing inflammation or disease. The chemical transformation of toxins is primarily driven by an enzyme called cytochrome P450 (CYP) in liver cells. This enzyme oxidizes or reduces toxins (changing their chemical structure), making them more reactive and sometimes even more toxic before converting them into water soluble forms for excretion through urine (kidneys) or bile (liver).

Overconsumption of medications, including health supplements, can lead to the accumulation of toxic metabolites like NAPQI, which damages the liver. Even common painkillers like Tylenol (acetaminophen), which people take for headaches, contain toxins. If taken on an empty stomach, instead of relieving your headache, it may cause stomach pain instead.

Final Takeaway

The key lesson today is: Never take medication on an empty stomach. There are no benefits only harmful effects. Thank you!

Would you like any modifications or additional details in the English version?

To understand these styles, it’s important to explore the historical and cultural backgrounds behind them. Both were shaped by factors like social status and religion. Chungcheongdo has been deeply influenced by Confucianism for a long time, while Kyoto was Japan’s capital for over a thousand years.

The development of these indirect ways of speaking has also been reflected in song lyrics. Thanks to this, I now feel I can better appreciate songs with meaningful lyrics, like Lee Sun Hee’s Destiny and IU’s My Sea.

Today, I want to talk about something very interesting in physics. It’s called the wave-particle duality of light.

Let me start with a question:
Is light a wave, or a particle?

For a long time, scientists thought light was a wave. Why?
Because light shows wave behaviors, like reflection, refraction, interference, and diffraction.

In 1801, a scientist named Thomas Young did a famous experiment called the double-slit experiment.
He shined light through two small slits.
On the screen, he saw bright and dark patterns we call this an interference pattern.
This pattern happens when waves overlap. So, this showed that light acts like a wave.

But later, in the early 1900s, something strange happened.
A scientist named Albert Einstein studied the photoelectric effect.
When light hits metal, sometimes it knocks out electrons.
Einstein said this happens because light also behaves like tiny particles, called photons.
Each photon carries a small amount of energy.

So, is light a wave or a particle?

The answer is… both. Light behaves like a wave in some situations, and like a particle in others.
We call this wave-particle duality.

This idea changed science a lot.
It helped us create new technology like lasers, solar panels, and semiconductors.

In short, light is not just a simple thing. It’s both a wave and a particle and that’s what makes it so amazing.

Let me help you. Baseball is played by many rules.

There are many different positions in baseball.

Fielders are divided into infielders and outfielders based on the square-shaped infield.

The infielders are third baseman, shortstop, second baseman, and first baseman in order from left, and the shortstop is positioned between third and second base, and the second baseman is positioned between second and first base. Outfielders are leftfielder, centerfielder, and right fielder from the left. A pitcher is a player who throws a ball home from the center of the infield and is called the flower of baseball.

A catcher is a player who catches a pitcher's ball at home and plays the most important role in baseball.

Have you ever heard of the terms ball or strike in baseball?

The ball and strike are determined by the imaginary square above the home.

If the pitcher passes the ball through the square or the batter swings the bat, it's a strike, and if it doesn't pass the ball through the square, it's a ball.

If there are three strikes, there is one out, and if there are three outs, the offense and defense is replaced.

How will the batter get on base?

There are ways to get on base: hits, home runs, base on balls and hit by pitch. A hit is when a batter hits a ball and the ball hits the ground, and the batter arrives at the base faster than the ball. A home run is also a type of hit, which means a hit by a batter crosses the fence of the stadium. Depending on the number of runners on the base, the score earned by the home run will vary. The Base on balls means four balls, and the hit by pitch refers to when a batter is hit by a pitcher's pitch. At this time, the batter can go to first base.

Baseball looks difficult, but if you know the rules, you can enjoy watching it.

I hope this presentation will make you more interested in baseball.

Even though you know the relationship is no longer good for either of you, you might still hesitate to end it. Why? Because you’ve already invested so much time, money, and emotion. It feels like all of that would go to waste if you walk away now.

This is a classic example of what economics calls the “sunk cost fallacy.”
A sunk cost is something you've already spent—whether it's money, time, or effort—and you can't get it back. Economically speaking, we are taught that sunk costs should not influence future decisions.
Why? Because they’re gone. We can’t change the past. What we can do is make a better choice for our present and future.

But in reality, we don’t always think rationally. Our emotions take over, and we hold on to things just because we’ve already spent so much on them—even if they’re no longer good for us.

There was even a Korean article that talked about this. It explained that many people stay in unhappy relationships because they feel they’ve come too far to quit. The longer the relationship, the harder it becomes to let go. The emotional and psychological barriers grow over time.

As a result, we often waste even more time and energy—just because we couldn’t let go sooner.

Personally, I believe that the time ahead of us is more valuable than the time that’s already gone.
And I hope we can all learn to see that giving up isn’t always a failure—sometimes, it’s the smartest choice for a better, happier future.

Thank you.

First, we can develop our communication ability. Look at this graph. Through this, the most spoken language is English. So if we speak English well, we can communicate well in diverse environment such as business.

Second, the more we learn English, the more knowledge is accumulated. For example, we learn new knowledge in English class and practice test every three month. Finally we can grow up mentally.

Third, we can get a good job. In modern society, English is essential in business. As you know, For instance, many companies want to trade with other company so that getting revenue. when trading, English speaker is useful. So if we speak English well, we can get a good job and our careers go up. Everybody, did you hear it well? Although we hate learning English, it is essential. Therefore never give up for our great future. Thank you for listening.

To approach a problem, the first step is to make a plan. This plan should be based on investigation, observation, and awareness. Through investigation and observation, you identify what you do know. Through awareness, you recognize what you don't know and what you need to find. If you can connect what you know with what you don’t know through a clear plan, you've already approached 99% of the problem.

The second element is understanding difficult concepts, which is a necessary preparation for solving problems. Often, students find it hard to understand even after reading explanations because they lack conceptual knowledge. Once you realize that you lack certain concepts, you should open a textbook or reference book to analyze exactly where you're getting stuck. There are three typical areas of difficulty: understanding a calculation or derivation process, understanding a definition, or grasping the meaning and significance of a concept. Again, metacognition—the ability to distinguish between what you know and don’t know—plays a key role. Once you’ve identified what you don’t understand, the next steps become easier.

The third aspect is improving calculation skills. Many people doubt their math ability because they run out of time or make frequent calculation errors. Here, we need to strengthen both conscious and unconscious calculation skills. Conscious calculation involves repeatedly thinking through each step in your head until you can confidently explain the process to yourself.

Unconscious calculation is the intuitive ability to calculate accurately and quickly, which develops after enough practice with conscious calculation. Once you've trained in both, you’ll no longer miss problems just because of time constraints. But it's crucial to remember: during both conscious and unconscious calculations, you must stay fully focused. You might think, “Who solves math problems without focusing?”—but even focus itself must be conscious. Only through deliberate awareness can you reduce errors.

In summary, improving your math skills is about mastering problem-solving strategies, deeply understanding concepts, and training your calculation abilities through conscious effort and continuous focus.

Male nurses often face bias. Some people ask, “Why didn’t you become a doctor?” or think men are not as gentle or kind. This is unfair. Female nurses also face limits, like being overlooked for leadership roles.

To break these stereotypes, we need more education and more support for gender diversity in healthcare.

Nursing is not about gender it’s about skills and compassion.

Colors can trigger or evoke certain emotional responses. The way we interpret colors often depends on our cultural background and personal experiences. For example, red may stimulate feelings of passion, excitement, or even anger. Green, as mentioned earlier, tends to evoke calmness, stability, and a sense of nature. Blue often brings to mind rationality, clarity, and ambition.

The saturation and brightness of a color also play key roles in how we feel.
Highly saturated colors can feel energetic, exciting, and stimulating, while less saturated tones may come across as calm, serious, or even somber. Bright colors tend to feel cheerful and uplifting, while darker tones feel heavier but more grounded and secure.

Understanding these effects can be especially useful when designing interior spaces. Choosing the right colors for walls, lighting, and furniture can help create a desired emotional atmosphere. For instance, using a dark green color in a hospital waiting room can help promote feelings of peace and reassurance.

In the end, colors can energize us, calm us, and shape how we experience our surroundings. By thoughtfully applying these effects to our environment, we can create more balanced and emotionally supportive spaces. It is not just about seeing color, it is about feeling it.

Everyday conversation is not just about exchanging words; it's a process of sharing thoughts and emotions and building trust. How we speak and the attitude we take when listening can significantly shape the direction of a relationship.

In particular, showing respect to the other person is key to smooth communication. The most important attitude in conversation is listening. True communication begins when we make eye contact, nod, and respond in a way that shows we're engaged.

Ultimately, good conversation stems from a mindset of respect, consideration, and sincerity. These qualities help create deep trust and strong connections in any relationship.

So today, try to listen a little more closely and speak with warmth in your conversations with those around you.

That may be the first step toward better understanding and stronger relationships.

Michael Jordan was born in 1963 in Brooklyn, New York. He was the fourth of five siblings and the third son. While his brothers often worked part-time jobs, Jordan spent his time at playgrounds and basketball hoops, playing both basketball and baseball, nurturing his dream of becoming an athlete. However, his parents were worried about his focus on sports.

Jordan later enrolled at Laney High School, but at just 178 cm (5’10”), he was considered undersized for basketball and lost his starting position. His height was one reason, but another was that he treated basketball as a hobby while passionately pursuing baseball. Hurt by losing his spot on the team, his pride was deeply wounded. He quit baseball and began to fully dedicate himself to basketball.

As if guided by fate, Jordan grew 15 cm, reaching 193 cm (6’4”), a height that gave him a significant advantage. His basketball skills flourished, and in the prestigious McDonald’s All-American Game, he scored an impressive 30 points. Yet despite being the top scorer, he did not win the MVP award—a decision still puzzling to this day.

He continued his career at college, where he was named Player of the Year. Jordan was then selected third overall in the NBA draft by the Chicago Bulls. Despite being the college Player of the Year, he was picked third because he played guard, not center. At that time, teams prioritized height and physicality when drafting players, so Jordan was not their top choice. His expression at the time showed dissatisfaction—he was fueled by a burning desire for revenge.

Jordan had incredible success in the NBA, but he couldn’t win a championship at first. The Los Angeles Lakers were a dominant team, and they created what was known as the "Jordan Rule," where at least three defenders would swarm Jordan whenever he had the ball, effectively neutralizing him. Because of this, Jordan and his team were repeatedly blocked in the Finals by the Lakers, led by Magic Johnson.

But Jordan never gave up. After the season ended, he stayed behind to train relentlessly, pushing himself to the limit. Seeing his dedication, his teammates followed his example. Together, they improved their fitness and addressed their weaknesses, all hungry for a championship.

In the next Finals series, Jordan played like a whirlwind. In the first game, despite the "Jordan Rule," he contributed 13 points, 1 assist, and 11 rebounds in 44 minutes, leading the team to a crucial victory. The second game went into overtime, ending in a tough loss to the Lakers, tying the series 1-1.

In the deciding game, Jordan unleashed his dominance with 33 points, 9 assists, and 15 rebounds in 44 minutes. With a legendary performance, he broke through the "Jordan Rule" and Magic Johnson’s defense, finally leading his team to an NBA championship.

After the game, Jordan said:
"Winning is not just about beating others; it’s about conquering yourself."

He held onto that championship for over three years before retiring, forever becoming a legend in the NBA.

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Many adults blame smartphones for this.
But why do they think smartphones are the problem?

One main reason is less time spent reading.
According to a 2019 reading survey, the top reason adults read less was because they spent more time on digital media.
So, if we spend more time on our phones and less time reading,
our literacy skills can decrease.

The second reason is about the brain.
Today, we often watch short videos like Shorts or Reels.
These videos give us fast and strong stimulation,
and our brain releases dopamine—a chemical that makes us feel good.

If we keep watching those videos,
our brain gets used to that quick dopamine.
Then reading a book or studying, which needs focus and deep thinking, starts to feel boring or difficult.
So we begin to avoid it, and as a result, our literacy can get weaker.

But still, maybe we shouldn’t worry too much.
Every time a new generation comes, the older one says, "They’re lazy,” “They’re not smart,” or “They can’t focus.”

Even Plato, the famous ancient philosopher, was worried that the invention of letters would weaken people’s memory

because they wouldn’t need to remember things anymore.

This shows us that people have always been worried about new things.

In conclusion, smartphones do affect our literacy to some extent,
but it’s not the end of the world.
What really matters is how we choose to use them.

Out of the 24 hours in a day, everyone can find 30 minutes to invest in their health. Whether it's before washing up or just before going to bed after a day's work, 30 minutes is a time slot available to all. What benefits can be gained from exercising for 30 minutes every day?

According to Samsung Seoul Hospital, strengthening muscle strength and flexibility can significantly help in preventing injuries. As we age, decreased muscle strength and flexibility increase the risk of minor injuries in daily activities. Regular exercise helps mitigate this risk.

Additionally, you can experience an improved quality of life. Just 30 minutes of simple exercise can reduce stress and improve sleep quality, thereby enhancing overall life satisfaction.

In fact, I personally engage in push-ups, jump rope, squats, and other exercises daily to relieve stress and improve my satisfaction with life.

According to the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency’s National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, Korean adults spend an average of 9 hours a day sitting due to work and smart device use. This sedentary lifestyle not only contributes to musculoskeletal disorders such as “tech neck,” but also increases the risk of chronic diseases like high blood pressure and diabetes.

For this reason, the World Health Organization recommends that adults engage in at least 150 minutes of aerobic exercise per week. In fact, just 30 minutes of physical activity a day can help reduce the negative effects of a sedentary lifestyle. Moreover, regular exercise can boost happiness and improve concentration. Morning workouts, in particular, help release mood-enhancing chemicals like endorphins. This is why exercising early in the morning can leave you feeling refreshed throughout the day.

According to the American Council on Exercise, morning exercise helps maintain stable energy levels all day and enhances brain function and focus. Reflecting on my own experience, I’ve felt more alert and refreshed on days when I arrived early at school to participate in sports club activities.

Both my personal experience with improved focus and the findings of professional organizations about the harms of sedentary behavior highlight the importance of exercise for today’s busy individuals. Even just 30 minutes a day—starting with a simple walk—can make a real difference. You’ll feel the change in your day!

First, insects help with the pollination of flowers.Plants play an important role in the ecosystem as producers.Insects help these plants survive and thrive.For example, honeybees help pollinate various plants such as acacia, azaleas, and dandelions, having a significant impact on the ecosystem

In addition, some insects help decompose animal waste and carcasses. When an animal dies, insects work together with fungi to consume the carcass, helping to keep the environment clean.

If there were no insects, mountains and forests would be filled with animal carcasses, causing foul odors and even the spread of disease.

And insects occupy an important position in the food web.Countless animals and birds feed on insects, and in turn, other animals feed on those animals, forming a complex food web. One biology professor predicted that the extinction of insects would have a destructive impact on the ecosystem’s food web.

In addition to these roles, insects perform a wide variety of other important tasks.

That’s why we need to pay more attention to insects to help prevent their extinction.

First, it can dull our sensitivity to everyday stimuli. Short-form content delivers intense and stimulating information in a short amount of time. As a result, the brain becomes accustomed to receiving frequent and strong stimuli, making it harder to feel stimulation in daily life. For example, exercise requires sustained effort over a long period to feel results, whereas short-form content delivers stimulation directly and instantly. It's like a drug.

Second, it may lead to a decline in cognitive function. If you get used to watching only short videos, it becomes harder to concentrate on and understand longer content. In fact, a student at Hongik University said that they often struggle to focus during lectures because they have become too accustomed to short videos. In my case as well, I find myself increasingly watching long videos at faster speeds or skipping through them. This dependency on stimulating short-form content can lead to reduced cognitive function.

Entertaining short-form content can be fun, but if consumed carelessly, it may seriously harm your focus and mental health. Let’s all start building healthy short-form content consumption habits together!

Today, I’d like to talk about the effects of breakfast on the human body.

First of all, breakfast helps activate brain function.
When you eat breakfast, glucose is supplied to the brain. Since the brain uses glucose as its main source of energy, this leads to improved concentration and memory. In fact, according to a study by the Rural Development Administration, glucose and iron consumed through breakfast help boost brain activity.

The second reason is that breakfast is helpful for dieting.
Skipping breakfast increases the chances of overeating during lunch or dinner, and irregular eating habits can lead to obesity and nutritional imbalances. According to the Korea Precision Nutrition Association, people who eat breakfast less frequently tend to have a higher obesity rate.

Lastly, breakfast is effective in preventing constipation.
Eating breakfast stimulates bowel movements, and consuming fiber and water in the morning helps promote smoother digestion. The Ministry of Health and Welfare has also stated that breakfast has a positive impact on intestinal health.

As you can see, breakfast benefits our bodies in many ways—supporting brain health, weight control, and digestive health.
Why not start having breakfast from tomorrow?

Have you drunk any caffeine like coffee?

Well, common sense says, "You are stimulated. You are no longer tired or sleepy".

Then should it be considered positive because it allows you to do more work than ever before? Prob, they may be as they are used and useful in everyday, but what if that you drink much caffeine also has disadvantages? Today, i`m going to tell you the effects of much caffeine on your body.

There are many things which can be caused by caffeine. But,one of them, body problem is still considered a major problem.

You may get curiosity, so let`s take an example. If you drink much caffeine than required measurement, this can lead to side effects, which can be anxiety,restlessness, or an irregular heartbeat, etc.

Research from Angelica Balingit and other members, who are MD, shows that "caffeine, in case from light use(better) to heavy use(worse), can be the problem of many diseases. As example, in case of Insomnia, it makes it difficult for our body to get enough restorative sleep. Also, higher use of it may increase the amount of time to fall asleep , whereas it can also decrease total sleeping time."

Second will be "addiction". This is also considered as problem people suffer from. One study about this shows that ,although

caffeine triggers certain brain chemicals similarly to the way that a drug like cocaine does, it doesn`t cause such problems that can be caused by drugs. However, caffeine may lead to psychological or physical dependency. That`s the point. If you drink a lot of coffee, no matter how hard you try to notice the effect, at some point you `ll find yourself in that state.

As a result, what i want to say is that in situations where you drink coffee or kind of caffeine, do not consume much of it.

You are already taught that moderate use of it is basically good for your body.

If you can`t hold you back from sleep, try to do something else like walking outside, exercising. At least, those will be much better than much of caffeine.

Perhaps, I assume not many of you particularly like this word.

What I want to talk about today is a slightly different perspective on the question: "Why is history education necessary?"

You've probably heard many reasons before, but they might have seemed vague or abstract.

So this time, let’s take a more practical approach.

Broadly speaking, the necessity of history education can be divided into two aspects:

professional and personal/leisure.

Let’s begin with the professional aspect.

One advantage is that historical knowledge gives you a broad perspective, which helps you develop foresight.

For example, let’s say you are a businessperson who needs to expand overseas.

There are many international conflicts around the world.

If you have a deep understanding of those conflicts through studying history, it becomes easier to enter and operate in such markets.

Examples of such conflicts include:

religious tensions between India and Sri Lanka,

territorial disputes like those over the Spratly Islands,

and military conflicts such as the one between Israel and Palestine.

Now, moving on to the personal and leisure side—

and it follows a similar logic.

Understanding history allows you to see things from a deeper, more nuanced perspective.

Let’s say you’re watching a movie.

There’s a good chance it’s based on a real historical context.

With historical knowledge, you can better appreciate the depth and meaning behind the story.

To summarize,

the practical purpose and necessity of history education lie in helping us develop a diverse and insightful view of many aspects of life.

So next time a history class comes around, instead of dozing off, why not try paying attention and engaging with interest?

One major consequence is a decline in reading comprehension. Social media and short-form videos deliver only quick summaries, training us to expect instant information. As a result, reading long texts feels exhausting, and we lose the patience needed for deep understanding.

Multitasking also plays a role. We often use multiple devices at once, switching between apps, videos, and messages. But the brain can truly focus on only one task at a time. Constant switching reduces efficiency, increases errors, and weakens concentration.

Moreover, constant exposure to intense digital stimulation makes everyday life seem dull. Platforms use short, highly engaging content to hold our attention. Over time, this trains our brains to seek only fast thrills and lose interest quickly.

Popcorn brain isn’t just about technology — it’s about how our minds are changing. To recover, we may need fewer distractions, slower moments, and more space to think deeply.

Today, we live in a digital age. In this article, we will analyze the impact of social media on study habits and discuss ways to use it effectively.

Positive Effects of Social Media on Study Habits

Access to Information and Networking

Social media makes it easier to access the information and resources needed for learning. In the past, we had to rely on books or help from professors to acquire information. Now, we can easily find a wide range of materials through YouTube lectures, online discussions, and study communities.

Motivation and Positive Encouragement

When friends or peers share their academic achievements or goal progress through social media, it can serve as motivation and inspire others to work harder. Study groups and learning challenges, where people with similar goals support and give each other feedback, are particularly useful in boosting motivation.

Negative Effects of Social Media on Study Habits

Decreased Focus and Time Wasting

Social media is highly addictive. Even if you plan to use it for just a short time, you can easily end up wasting hours. Because of this, it becomes difficult to focus on studying, and checking social media during study sessions often breaks the flow of learning.

Negative Comparison and Stress

On social media, it’s easy to see other people’s successes and achievements. While this can sometimes serve as motivation, it can also lead to negative comparisons and increased stress. Seeing friends or classmates presenting seemingly perfect lives can cause you to feel disappointed with your own performance or anxious about your progress.

First, the growth of short-form videos has changed music distribution. Short-form content has become a new channel where new or hidden songs go viral in the form of memes. In the past, radio, TV broadcasts, and music websites were the main platforms, but now short-form platforms have become the starting point for hit songs.

Second, there is a change in song structure. In the short-form era, the trend is to create music focused on short and powerful choruses, with rhythms and beats that catch the ear quickly. According to the Billboard charts in the U.S., the average song length has also decreased to under three minutes.

Third, the revenue structure has changed. When a song goes viral on short-form platforms, it leads to streaming plays that generate income. Additionally, strategies like collaborations with creators and free distribution to increase secondary copyright revenue are expanding. In fact, 75% of TikTok users say they look up songs they hear in videos on streaming platforms afterward.

However, concerns about the decline of artistic value in short-form songs are also growing. Because artists need to capture attention in a very short time, intros and developments are often cut out, and only highlights like the chorus are repeated, making the song’s structure and storytelling simpler. One music critic pointed out that “these days, music has to make an impact within 15 seconds,” and argued that the original emotional and narrative functions of music are weakening. Online, it’s common to see users saying things like, “This feels less like music and more like just a short sound.”

The rapid rise of short-form videos has brought major changes to the entire music industry, and experts hold diverse views on this. Many musicians worry that short-form has simplified the artistic depth and traditional storytelling of songs. On the other hand, some experts see short-form not merely as a trend but as a new phase in music’s evolution, opening up new creative possibilities through delivering a strong impression in a short time. One music producer said, “Short-form has changed the way people consume music, but within that change, new creativity and forms of expression are emerging.” Moving forward, it will be important to balance artistic integrity with mass appeal and to build a sustainable music industry model by leveraging the strengths of short-form content.That concludes my speech. Thank you all for listening.

I will explain the correct posture, benefits, and precautions for the three major home training exercises: push-ups, pull-ups, and squats.

First, let's talk about push-ups.
The starting position for a push-up is to lie face down, place your hands slightly wider than shoulder-width apart, and ensure your arms are vertical from shoulder to wrist. Tighten your glutes as if tilting your pelvis slightly backward to engage your buttock muscles.
When lowering yourself, go down until your chest is about one or two fists above the ground, then push back up naturally to return to the starting position.
Push-ups are effective for strengthening the chest muscles, triceps, shoulders, and core.
Caution: If your form starts to break down, it's best to take a break before starting the next set to reduce the risk of injury.

Next, let's move on to pull-ups.
For the starting position, grip the bar with your thumbs over the top. Hang with your legs crossed to maintain balance.
As you pull yourself up, avoid shrugging your shoulders. When lowering yourself, don’t completely relax your back muscles—come down only to the point where tension is still maintained.
Pull-ups strengthen the upper back, biceps, deltoids, chest, and core, and help reinforce shoulder joints.
Caution: Avoid using momentum to perform the movement.

Lastly, let’s go over squats.
For the starting stance, stand with your feet shoulder-width apart and point your toes slightly outward—around 15 degrees is ideal. Extend your arms forward or rest them lightly on your chest.
Inhale and brace your core to stabilize your posture. When lowering, keep your chest open and back straight. Push your hips back first (not your knees) and slowly bend your knees.
Make sure your knees don’t go too far past your toes, although people with long thighs might have some knee-over-toe movement, which can be acceptable. Lower until your thighs are parallel to the ground. Ideally, your hip crease should go slightly below your knees, but for beginners or those with limited mobility, this depth may vary.
To rise back up, push through your feet and exhale at the top. Be careful not to lean your upper body too far forward or backward, and fully extend your hips and knees to return to the starting position.
Squats are effective for strengthening the thighs and calves, improving cardiovascular fitness, boosting metabolism, and promoting overall health.
Caution: Going too deep beyond your mobility limits can cause your hips to tuck under—this is called "butt wink." This can lead to lower back and knee pain, so it's a good idea to check your form using a mirror to identify at what point the butt wink occurs.

This concludes the explanation of the correct posture, benefits, and precautions for the three major home training exercises.
Let’s all stay healthy and enjoy home training together!

Throwing trash into the sea can cause many serious problems.
That’s why I chose this topic — to understand what those problems are.
I will explain three main problems with real examples.

First, the marine ecosystem can be destroyed.

Plastic waste and toxic chemicals can be eaten or tangled by sea animals.
This can lead to injury or death, and it may also affect humans through the food chain.

For example, in 2018, a whale in Thailand was found dead with more than 80 plastic bags in its stomach.
It starved because it could not digest food. That shows how dangerous plastic is for marine life.

Second, it causes water pollution.

Toxic substances in trash pollute the ocean and harm both animals and humans.
Polluted water can cause disease and damage the environment.

In Korea, chemicals like phenol and aziridine once leaked into rivers and caused mass fish deaths.
If this reaches the ocean, it becomes a serious problem.

Third, it harms the beauty and health of the ocean.

Trash makes beaches dirty and ugly. It also hurts tourism and the local economy.

For example, in Indonesia and the Philippines, many beaches are covered in plastic waste.
This reduces the number of tourists and affects people’s income.

We all share the ocean, so we must protect it.
Even a small piece of trash can harm a life.
Let’s throw waste in the right place and keep our ocean clean.

Thank you for listening.

If you’ve ever gotten injured while playing sports or exercising, this is something really important to know. RICE is an acronym that stands for Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation. It’s a first-aid method used to treat minor injuries like sprains, strains, or bruises, and it's very effective in reducing pain and swelling.

Let’s break it down

Rest — As soon as you get hurt, you should stop all activity and rest the injured area. Continuing to move can make the injury worse or delay healing. So it’s best to take a break and let your body recover.

Ice — Applying ice to the injured area helps reduce swelling and numb the pain. Use an ice pack (wrapped in a towel) for 15 to 20 minutes every few hours during the first 1–2 days after the injury. Be careful not to apply ice directly to the skin.

Compression — Wrapping the injured area with an elastic bandage or sports tape helps limit swelling. It also provides support. Just make sure the wrap isn’t too tight, or it could block blood flow.

Elevation — Raise the injured area above the level of your heart whenever possible. This helps reduce swelling by allowing fluids to drain away from the area.

RICE is a simple and easy method, but it can make a big difference in your recovery. Of course, if the pain is severe or the injury doesn’t improve, it’s important to see a doctor. But for many minor sports injuries, RICE is the perfect first step toward healing.

So now you know — next time someone gets hurt during a game, you can say, “Don’t panic, let’s use RICE!

First It's shampooing with cotton-bottomed hot water. Hot water removes natural oils from your hair and causes it to dry out, damaging it. Also, the cuticles that surround the surface of your hair are sensitive to heat, causing damage or making it brittle.

Next is the use of heat-styling copper balls. When high-temperature heat is applied to your hair, it deforms the hair's protein and evaporates moisture, making it dry and plump. Lack of moisture reduces the elasticity and shine of your hair.

Finally, there is damage from dyeing and chemical processing. Chemicals open the cuticles of your hair and penetrate into its internal structure to remove the pigment or change its shape. For our precious hair, we hope to break this habit from now on so that we can have rich hair together

However, I would like to explain why Japanese may be a better choice. In short, it is easier to learn, and in the long term, it may offer greater advantages. There are three main reasons for this.

First, the grammatical structure of Japanese is similar to that of Korean. While Chinese follows a subject–verb–object word order, similar to English, Japanese uses a subject–object–verb order, which is the same as Korean. This similarity allows Korean speakers to understand and apply Japanese grammar more easily.

Second, the way people speak in Japan is very similar to how we talk in Korea. In Chinese, people often use long and formal sentences, which can make it hard to understand the true meaning. But in Japanese and Korean, people use simple and clear words with body language. This makes it easier for Korean learners to follow and understand.

Third, Japanese pronunciation is generally more manageable for Korean speakers. Chinese requires mastering tones, where pitch differences change the meaning of a word, which can be challenging. Japanese, on the other hand, does not rely on tones, and its sounds are relatively simple and familiar to Korean learners. As a result, pronunciation tends to be less of a barrier.

In conclusion, while both Chinese and Japanese offer valuable opportunities, Japanese may provide a more approachable and sustainable learning experience, particularly for Korean speakers.

The three-point line also provided an opportunity for white players, who were often seen as having less athleticism, to survive in the league. Many of them focused on developing their shooting skills, and as a result, the three-point shot has become an most important part of modern basketball.

Lastly, I would like to introduce two of the most famous basketball players: LeBron James and Stephen Curry.
LeBron James and Stephen Curry have very different playing styles. First, LeBron James is an incredible physical body, standing 206 cm tall and weighing 110 kilograms. On the other hand, Stephen Curry is relatively smaller for an NBA player, at 188 cm and 84 kilograms.

However, Stephen Curry has changed the league’s trend with his three-point shooting ability. Meanwhile, LeBron James continues to dominate the league with his monster physique, even at the age of 40.

With such amazing players in the game, I hope more people will take an interest in basketball. Thank you.

Today, I’d like to talk about how short-form videos are transforming the music industry.

We live in an era where people crave quick and intense stimulation.

Thanks to personalized algorithms and easy creation tools, short-form content—like TikToks and Reels—has exploded in popularity.

And music is at the heart of it.

First, music distribution has changed.

Short-form platforms are no longer just for entertainment—they’ve become the launchpads for hit songs.

Instead of radio or TV, songs now go viral through memes and clips.

Sometimes, a 15-second snippet turns an unknown track into a global hit.

Second, the structure of songs is changing.

In the age of shorts, artists are designing music with catchy, high-impact choruses that hook listeners instantly.

Even the average song length has dropped to under three minutes, according to Billboard.

Third, the revenue model is shifting.

When a song goes viral on short-form platforms, it drives streams—and revenue.

More artists are collaborating with content creators and even giving away parts of their music to increase secondary copyright income.

In fact, 75% of TikTok users say they look up the songs they hear in videos.

But not everything is positive.

Some worry that musical depth is being lost.

To fit short-form trends, intros and storytelling often get cut out.

Music becomes more like a soundbite than a full expression.

As one critic put it, “Music today has to impress in 15 seconds—or it’s gone.”

So where do we go from here?

Some see short-form as a threat to musical artistry.

Others see it as a new creative frontier—where strong emotions and ideas are expressed in tighter, more focused ways.

What’s clear is this: short-form videos aren’t just a trend.

They’re reshaping how we discover, create, and consume music.

And the challenge ahead is balancing artistic integrity with mass appeal, to build a sustainable future for the music industry.

Thank you.

First, we could lose our sense of human identity. For example, we make countless decisions every day. But when it’s hard to make a choice, we often turn to AI for help. If this becomes a habit, it may become difficult for us to make decisions on our own.

Second, our academic abilities may decline. Some students, for instance, use AI to gather information for their school assignments. However, in this process, they may end up quoting information without fully understanding it.

Lastly, overreliance on AI can lead to social isolation. People who feel left out in society may become deeply attached to AI, which can reduce their interactions with real people. In one tragic case, a teenager followed suicidal advice given by an AI.

That’s why we must use AI responsibly and in moderation.

How many hours do you sleep each day?

Today, I’d like to talk about why getting enough sleep is so important.

First, sleep is the time when our body strengthens its immune system.

According to a study, lack of sleep promotes inflammation and weakens the immune system, making us more vulnerable to infections and diseases.

Second, sleep is when the brain processes learning and memory.

Another study found that adequate sleep plays a key role in helping brain structures like the hippocampus convert short-term memories into long-term ones.

In an experiment, researchers concluded that "getting enough sleep is essential for storing newly learned information."

So, everyone, even if you're busy, please try to give yourself the gift of enough sleep.

By doing so, you’ll be able to start the next day healthier and wiser.

Thank you for listening.

These days, I still make music by playing the instrument myself, but most of them use the computer to make music

A lot of people may wonder, how do you make music on a computer

So I'm going to explain it this time

First of all, why did you make music on the computer? Musical instruments are expensive. No matter how cheap you get, it's about ₩100,000

And you have to record what you played on that instrument. You have to buy a recording device to record it in good sound quality, but it's also expensive. No matter how cheap it is, it's over ₩10,000,000

And musical instruments take up a lot of space in the house, so these days, I make music using the computer.

Now, I'm going to explain the programs that allow you to make music on that computer

First of all, most use Ableton Live and Cubase, and Apple users use their own logic pro from Apple

So I bought that program, then I need to make a song, how can I make it?

It's a virtual instrument. It's literally a virtual instrument in the program that allows you to use a lot of instruments

These virtual instruments solve the problems that arise when you use the actual instruments mentioned earlier

Either you input the instruments into the code you want or use the master keyboard to freely compose the notes of the instruments

That's it. Thank you

1)School Life (학교생활)-그래프, 설문 차트

* How students manage stress during exams

* The most popular extracurricular activities at our school

* Smartphone use among teenagers

* How school uniforms affect students’ identity

* Changes in study habits after COVID-19

2)Career (진로)-그래프, 인포그래픽

* My dream job and why it inspires me

* Jobs that will disappear in the future

* The rise of digital nomads

* How AI will change future careers

* Why soft skills are important for success

3)World Cultures (세계 각국의 문화)-비교표, 지도

* Cultural differences in greetings

* Traditional festivals around the world

* Table manners in different countries

* The impact of K-pop on global culture

* How people celebrate New Year’s Day worldwide

4)Economy (경제)-막대그래프, 선 그래프

* The importance of saving and investing

* Why prices are rising: Understanding inflation

* Part-time jobs among teenagers

* The sharing economy: Uber, Airbnb, and more

* How online shopping changes the economy

5)Trade (무역)-지도, 비교표

* Why countries trade with each other

* Korea’s main export products

* The story of fair trade coffee

* The effects of global supply chains

* How free trade agreements work

6)Literature (문학)-구조도, 감정선 그래프, 인포그래픽

* What I learned from a novel or poem

* Comparing classic and modern literature

* The power of storytelling in movies and books

* How literature reflects society

* My favorite character and what they taught me

7)Science & Technology / AI (과학 기술·AI) -프로세스 도식화, 사진자료, 영상

* How AI is used in education

* The pros and cons of self-driving cars

* How smartphones have changed communication

* The impact of robots on daily life

* Future technologies that will change the world

#구조

Opening:

Thesis statement:

Body

Topic sentence 1:

시각자료 1:

Topic sentence 2:

시각자료 2:

Topic sentence 3:

시각자료 3:

Conclusion:

----------

#아래 글의 구조를 지켜서 3분 길이의 영어 스피치대본을 적어

#구조

Opening:

Thesis statement: 나의 대 주제문(세계의 놀라운 축제 3가지를 소개하고 그 기원과 의미를 설명하겠다 )

Body

Topic sentence 1. 본문 첫 문단 중심문장(스페인의 라 토마티나) 

시각자료 1.

Topic sentence 2.본문 두번째 문단 중심문장 (브라질의 리우 카니발) 

시각자료 2.

Topic sentence 3. 본문 세번째 문단 중심문장 (멕시코 죽음의 축제) 

시각자료 3.

Conclusion:

#구조

Opening

Thesis statement:

Body

Topic sentence 1:

시각자료 1:

Topic sentence 2:

시각자료 2:

Topic sentence 3:

시각자료 3:

Conclusion:

• Speaktor(무료, 발표용 자연 억양, 속도 조절 가능)

https://speaktor.com/app/dashboard/

• Notevibes (무료, 다운로드 가능)

https://notevibes.com/

• ElevenLabs (자연스러운 음성)

https://elevenlabs.io/app/home

ex) 2901 송형석

https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1wMhC7WJCeDjVvdUsRA5O3poBlVXHqwzWrUR-88Z6hqY/edit?usp=sharing

https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1wMhC7WJCeDjVvdUsRA5O3poBlVXHqwzWrUR-88Z6hqY/edit?usp=sharing

So today, I’m going to talk about three-point shooting in basketball, and how self-efficacy — or belief in one’s own ability — and practice affect shooting performance and confidence.

First, what exactly is a three-point shot?
In basketball, a three-point shot is made from beyond the three-point line — the large arc around the basket.
If you make the shot from outside that line, your team earns three points instead of two.
It’s one of the most exciting and challenging plays in the game because it requires great accuracy, timing, and confidence.

Now, let’s talk about self-efficacy.
This means how much you believe in your ability to succeed.
Studies show that players with higher self-efficacy perform better, even under pressure.
When players truly believe they can make the shot, they focus better, control their movements, and recover quickly from mistakes.

Finally, practice and shooting drills play a key role in improving both accuracy and confidence.
Through continuous training, players develop proper shooting mechanics, rhythm, and consistency.
As their performance improves, their confidence and self-efficacy grow as well, leading to even better results during games.

In conclusion, shooting a great three-pointer isn’t only about technique — it’s also about mental strength and self-belief.
With regular practice and a confident mindset, any player can improve their shooting accuracy and perform better under pressure.

Thank you.

What career do you hope to pursue? Do you think it will have a promising future? One future-oriented career I would like to introduce is civil engineering. Civil engineering involves designing, constructing, and maintaining essential infrastructure such as roads, bridges, tunnels, and dams, which are closely connected to our daily lives.

FIRST

The main tasks of civil engineering include structural design and construction, environmental and water resource management, and transportation infrastructure planning. For example, civil engineers design safe structures like the Han River Bridge in Seoul and the Incheon International Airport tunnel, and contribute to environmental solutions such as the eco-friendly water systems in Sejong City.

SECOND

The future outlook for civil engineering is also promising. The integration of advanced technologies such as AI and IoT enables smart city infrastructure management, while eco-friendly designs reduce carbon emissions. Additionally, opportunities for international infrastructure projects are increasing, especially in developing countries. The advantages of this career include job stability and opportunities to combine technology and engineering, though it requires outdoor work and continuous learning.

In conclusion, civil engineering is more than just constructing buildings it is a profession that ensures societal safety and sustainability. By combining smart technologies and sustainable designs, civil engineering remains a future-oriented career with global opportunities and significant social impact.

Thesis Statement:
Today, I’m going to tell you about the hardships firefighters face in their profession.

Body

Topic Sentence 1:
The first hardship is related to firefighters’ equipment.
The total weight of their gear can reach up to 20 kilograms
That’s like carrying a third-grade boy on your back while moving around.
At a fire scene, they can’t use elevators, so they have to run up the stairs instead — it’s absolutely exhausting.

Visual Aid 1: 소방관 장비 무게 -프레시안-

Topic Sentence 2:
The second hardship concerns the treatment and working conditions of firefighters.
Even now, the so-called “improvement of firefighters’ welfare” remains just words.
In April 2020, the Korean government promised to improve firefighters’ working conditions,
but firefighters’ hazard pay has been frozen for eight years since it was raised to 60,000 KRW per month in 2016,
and their fire suppression allowance has stayed the same at 80,000 KRW per month since 2001, for 25 years.

Visual Aid 2: 소방관 위험 수당 -연합뉴스-

Topic Sentence 3:
The third hardship comes from the absurd behavior of some citizens.
Some demand compensation for property damage that occurs during rescue operations,
while others verbally abuse or even physically attack firefighters.

Visual Aid 3: 구급대원 폭행 금지 당부 -소방방재신문-

Conclusion

Firefighters dedicate their lives to protecting ours — yet they carry immense physical, emotional, and social burdens.
It’s time we recognize their sacrifices and ensure they receive the respect, support, and treatment they truly deserve.

Thesis statement:폐광의 놀라운 데이터 전환을 근거를 들어 설명 하겠다

Body

Topic sentence 1:높은 보안성<폐광을 활용해 비용절감

시각자료 1:

Topic sentence 2:주변의자연환경 활용가능 노르웨이 레프탈 광산, 블루버드 데이터 센터,일정한 온도유지

시각자료 2:

Topic sentence 3:문제점 밀폐되어 있어서 설비 설치 어려움,화재발생위험,접근성이 떨어짐짐

시각자료 3:

Conclusion:

Opening:

Today, data centers are growing very fast all over the world. The global data center market is getting bigger every year because of cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and online services. As shown in this graph, the demand for data storage and processing is rising sharply.

But now, an unexpected place is becoming popular — abandoned mines. These old mining sites are turning into new and smart locations for data centers.

Thesis Statement:

In my speech, I will explain how abandoned mines are being changed into data centers and why this surprising idea has both big benefits and some problems.

시각자료: 데이터선터 성장경향 https://www.ksrm.net/articles/xml/ojae/

Topic Sentence 1: High security and lower cost

First, abandoned mines have great security and lower costs. Since they are deep underground, they are naturally safe from attacks, natural disasters, and bad weather.

Also, companies can save money because they can reuse the tunnels that already exist instead of building new ones. This makes building a data center much cheaper and faster.

시각자료: 데이터센터 내부모습 https://www.engeojournal.org/articles/xml/Xe89/

Topic Sentence 2: Using the natural environment

Second, mines can use their natural environment in smart ways

A great example is the Lefdal Mine Datacenter in Norway. It uses cold seawater from a nearby fjord to cool its servers. Also, 98.5% of its power comes from hydroelectric energy. This makes it one of the most eco-friendly data centers in the world.

Mines also stay naturally cool all year round, which helps a lot with cooling systems. Cooling is very important because it takes up about 40% of all data center costs. By using the cool underground air, companies can save a lot of energy and money.

Topic Sentence 3: Problems and limitations

However, there are also some problems. Because mines are closed and narrow, it is hard to install large machines and air systems.

To keep everything safe, they need special ventilation, dehumidification, and safety systems — but these cost a lot to build and maintain. If a fire happens, smoke and heat can easily get trapped inside. Also, many mines are far from cities, so it’s harder to bring in materials or set up internet connections.

시각자료:데이터센터 안전시설 https://www.ksrm.net/articles/xml/ojae/

Conclusion:

In conclusion, turning abandoned mines into data centers is a creative way to reuse old industrial spaces.

It gives strong security and great energy savings, but it also needs careful solutions for safety and access.

These mines may no longer hold real gold, but in today’s digital world, they have become digital gold mines.

The topic I will talk about today is the prospects and applications of AI in education.

First, AI in education is expanding at a very fast pace.
If you look at this chart (show visual 1), you can see that the market size of AI in education has been growing steadily every year since 2018.
In 2025, it reached around 8.3 billion US dollars, and it is expected to rise dramatically to over 32 billion by 2030.
This rapid growth shows how AI is becoming more deeply integrated into the education system — helping teachers analyze student performance, create personalized lessons, and even provide instant feedback to learners.

Next, when we look at the trend of AI development, it’s clear that the growth will continue to be both fast and radical in the future.
AI will likely become a core tool in learning management systems, virtual tutoring, and adaptive learning technologies that respond to each student’s needs.
So, the future of education will be strongly shaped by how well we develop and apply AI.

However, while AI offers many advantages, it also brings several challenges.
AI can analyze data, collect educational materials, and suggest effective teaching methods — but it is not always perfect.
As shown in this video (show visual 3), AI systems often face problems with reliability and accuracy.
Sometimes, they generate incorrect or biased information, which can affect students’ learning outcomes.
Therefore, using AI in education requires more effort — not only in technological improvement but also in establishing trust, transparency, and ethical use.

To conclude, AI is rapidly transforming education, offering new possibilities for both teachers and students.
Its market growth shows how powerful and influential this technology has become.
However, to make AI a truly effective educational partner, we must work to solve issues of accuracy and trust.
If we can achieve that balance, AI will help create a more personalized, efficient, and innovative learning environment for everyone.
Thank you for listening.

visual aid 1 - https://news.koreanbar.or.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=34173

visual aid 2 - https://youtu.be/w65p_IIp6JY?si=GrZ4vhnnbeS7Jj49

#구조

Opening: 저는 오늘 해커의 공격 방식과 그 예방 방법에 대해 이야기 해보겠습니다

Thesis statement:  저는 오늘 해커의 공격 방식과 그 예방 방법에 대해 이야기 해보겠습니다다

Body

Topic sentence 1: 첫째 해커들은 피싱을 자주 사용합니다 

이들은 실제처럼 보이는 가짜 이메일이나 메시지를 보내 비밀번호나 카드 정보를 빼았습니다 피싱을 막기 위해서는 발신자의 주소를 확인하고 수상한 링크를 절대 클릭하지 말아야합니다

시각자료 1: 사진(출처 : 네이버)

Topic sentence 2: 둘째 해커들은 악성코드를 사용합니다

바이러스나 랜섬웨어 같은 프로그램으로 컴퓨터를 망가뜨리거나 정보를 훔칩니다 

이를 예방 하려면 백신 프로그램을 설치하고 출처가 불분명한 파일은 다운로드 하지 않아야 합니다

시각자료 2: 사진(출처 : 네이버)

Topic sentence 3: 셋째 해커들은 약한 비밀번호를 노립니다

123456과 같은 단순한 비밀번호는 쉽게 추측할 수 있습니다

문자,숫자,기호를 섞은 강력한 비밀번호를 사용하고 2단계 인증을 설정하는 것이 좋습니다

시각자료 3: 사진 (출처 : 네이버)

Conclusion: 우리가 조금만 주의하고 보안습관을 잘 지키면 스스로를 지킬 수 있습니다 클릭하기 전에 한 번 더 생각하세요 그게 최고의 방어입니다.

 Good morning everyone. Have you ever heard about someone losing their personal information online or getting their bank account hacked? In today’s digital world, cyberattacks have become one of the biggest threats we face every single day. We rely on the internet for almost everything, but that also means hackers have more chances to attack us.
 

Today, I will talk about the main ways hackers attack people and systems, and how we can protect ourselves from those attacks.

First, one of the most common hacking methods is phishing.
Phishing happens when hackers pretend to be a trusted company or person, usually through fake emails or messages. They trick victims into clicking malicious links or giving away personal information like passwords and credit card numbers. To prevent phishing, we should always double-check the sender’s address, never click on suspicious links, and use spam filters to block fake emails.

Second, hackers often use malware to control or damage a computer system.
Malware includes viruses, worms, and ransomware that can steal data or lock your files until you pay money. Many users accidentally install malware when they download unsafe files or visit untrusted websites. The best way to prevent malware attacks is to install antivirus software, keep systems updated, and avoid downloading unknown programs.

Lastly, another major hacking method is password attacks.
Hackers can guess, steal, or crack weak passwords to access personal or company accounts. Using simple passwords like “123456” or “password” makes it easy for them. To stop this, we should create strong passwords that include letters, numbers, and symbols, and change them regularly. Two-factor authentication also adds an extra layer of protection                                                                                  by requiring a code from your phone or email.

In conclusion, hackers use many different methods like phishing, malware, and password attacks to target us, but with awareness and good security habits, we can stay safe. Cybersecurity is not just the job of experts; it’s something every one of us must practice. If we stay careful and think before we click, we can protect our digital lives from hackers.

Thesis statement:
Today, I would like to talk about the impact of the visa-free entry policy for Chinese tourists.

Topic sentence 1:

시각자료 출처: KBS NEWS
First, from an economic perspective, this policy can help the tourism industry recover and revitalize local economies.
Since the COVID-19 pandemic, Korea’s tourism sector has suffered greatly. Allowing Chinese tourists to enter without a visa can increase the number of visitors and boost spending in hotels, restaurants, and shopping areas. For example, many local markets and small businesses in places like Jeju Island and Myeongdong depend heavily on tourists. More visitors mean more income for workers, shop owners, and even taxi drivers. In short, this policy can bring life back to struggling local communities and help Korea’s economy grow again.

Topic sentence 2:
Second, from a social and cultural perspective, the policy can expand cultural exchange between Korea and China.
Through travel, people can experience each other’s traditions, food, and lifestyles. Chinese tourists who visit Korea can enjoy wearing hanbok, visiting palaces, and tasting Korean street food. At the same time, Koreans can learn more about Chinese culture and communicate with people from different backgrounds. Such interactions can reduce misunderstandings, strengthen friendship, and promote peace between the two countries.

Topic sentence 3:

시각자료 출처: 연합뉴스TV
However, there are also negative aspects that we should not ignore.
With more tourists coming in, problems such as overcrowding, environmental pollution, and rising prices may appear. Some local residents might feel uncomfortable with the sudden increase in foreign visitors. In addition, relying too much on tourists from one country could be risky if international relations change in the future. Therefore, the government must manage tourism carefully and promote sustainable development.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the visa-free entry policy for Chinese tourists has both positive and negative effects. Economically, it can help Korea recover and grow. Socially, it can build cultural bridges between nations. But if not managed well, it can also lead to social and environmental problems. The key is to find a balance—welcoming visitors while protecting our local culture and communities. If we do that, this policy could become a strong bridge of understanding between Korea and China.

Thesis Statement:
Today, I’m going to talk about how to become a humorous person.
We’ll explore three main ideas:
first, understanding the importance of humor,
second, how to develop a sense of humor,
and third, how to use humor naturally in daily life.

Body

Topic Sentence 1: Understanding the importance of humor
Humor is not just about making people laugh — it’s about connecting with others.
It helps us relieve stress, make new friends, and even solve conflicts more easily.
A good sense of humor can turn awkward moments into comfortable ones.
It also shows confidence and emotional intelligence.
When we laugh together, we feel closer and happier.

Visual Aid 1:
Show a picture of two people laughing together — to represent connection and positive energy.

Topic Sentence 2: How to develop a sense of humor
You don’t have to be a comedian to be funny.
Start by observing what makes people laugh — in movies, social media, or even in class.
Pay attention to timing, tone, and word choice.
You can also keep a small “funny journal” of moments or jokes that made you smile.
Most importantly, try to see the bright side of life — humor grows from a positive attitude.

Visual Aid 2:
Show a slide with examples of different types of humor: wordplay, irony, and funny situations.

Topic Sentence 3: How to use humor naturally
Being humorous doesn’t mean telling jokes all the time.
It means adding lightness and warmth to your words.
Always be careful not to hurt anyone with your jokes — kind humor is the best humor.
Smile, be confident, and let your personality show.
When your humor is natural, people will enjoy being around you.

Visual Aid 3:
Show two speech bubbles — one with a mean joke and one with a kind, funny comment — to compare the difference.

Conclusion:

In the end, humor isn’t just a talent — it’s a skill that anyone can learn.
It begins with understanding its value, grows with practice, and shines when used naturally.
So next time you talk with your friends, try to share a smile or a light joke.
You might be surprised how a little humor can make your day — and someone else’s — a lot brighter.

Can you guess what kimchi, doenjang, yogurt, and beer have in common?
That’s right — they are all fermented foods.
Thesis statement:

Today, I’m going to explain the positive and negative aspects of fermented foods.

Topic sentence 1:

First, I’ll explain the fundamental science of fermentation.
Fermentation is a natural process in which microorganisms such as bacteria or yeast break down sugars into other substances like acids, alcohol, or gases.
Recently, the demand for fermented foods has been steadily increasing all over the world.

Topic sentence 2:

The reason for this phenomenon is that fermented foods have various health benefits.
They contain probiotics, which help improve digestion and strengthen the immune system.
Some studies even suggest that fermented foods can reduce inflammation 

These advantages make them especially popular among health-conscious consumers.

Topic sentence 3:

However, many people fail to recognize the drawbacks of fermented foods.
Some fermented products contain high levels of salt or sugar, which can be harmful when consumed in excess.
In addition, people with weak immune systems or certain health conditions need to be cautious, since some fermented foods may contain harmful bacteria if not stored properly.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, fermented foods provide many benefits, such as improving digestion and boosting immunity, but they also come with certain risks.
By understanding both their positive and negative aspects, we can make smarter and healthier food choices.

시각지료 출처--Global Market Insights,

식품의약품안전처, 한국보건산업진흥원

Have you ever wondered if artificial intelligence can truly feel empathy?

When we talk to AI like ChatGPT, it often replies with kind and thoughtful words.

But does that mean it actually understands how we feel?

Today, I will explore an important question: Can AI really empathize like humans do?

Thesis Statement

My answer is clear: AI cannot truly empathize, because it lacks the mechanism of empathy that exists in the human brain.

Body

Topic Sentence 1: AI cannot feel emotions.

According to Decety and Jackson (2004) in Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews, empathy in humans arises from emotional resonance — a biological process in which our brain mirrors another’s feelings.

AI, however, does not have a brain or hormones. It can recognize emotions through data, but it never feels sadness, joy, or fear itself.

📷 Visual 1: Image comparing the human brain with an AI chip.

Topic Sentence 2: AI’s empathy is only a simulation.

A study by Kim et al. (2024) in Frontiers in Psychology found that AI’s “empathy” is based on algorithmic pattern recognition, not genuine emotional understanding.

Even Le Monde (2025.09.14) warned that “ChatGPT’s fake empathy may become a threat to mental health.”

AI predicts what response sounds caring, but that’s just a simulation — not real empathy.

📊 Visual 2: Diagram showing AI’s emotional language processing.

Topic Sentence 3: AI imitates the form of empathy, not its mechanism.

As Axios (2025.03.23) reported in “The Robot Empathy Divide,” AI mimics emotional behavior through neural networks, but lacks the mirror neuron system that allows humans to feel others’ emotions.

In short, AI copies the appearance of empathy — not its biological essence.

📷 Visual 3: Image comparing human mirror neurons with AI neural networks.

Conclusion

In conclusion, AI can act as if it understands us, but it never truly feels what we feel.

Empathy is not just data — it is a living connection between minds and hearts.

So while AI may speak kindly, true empathy remains a uniquely human gift.

Thesis Statement:
Today, I’m going to talk about how to become a humorous person.
We’ll explore three main ideas:
first, understanding the importance of humor,
second, how to develop a sense of humor,
and third, how to use humor naturally in daily life.

Body

Topic Sentence 1: Understanding the importance of humor
Humor is not just about making people laugh — it’s about connecting with others.
It helps us relieve stress, make new friends, and even solve conflicts more easily.
A good sense of humor can turn awkward moments into comfortable ones.
It also shows confidence and emotional intelligence.
When we laugh together, we feel closer and happier.

Visual Aid 1:
Show a picture of two people laughing together — to represent connection and positive energy.

Topic Sentence 2: How to develop a sense of humor
You don’t have to be a comedian to be funny.
Start by observing what makes people laugh — in movies, social media, or even in class.
Pay attention to timing, tone, and word choice.
You can also keep a small “funny journal” of moments or jokes that made you smile.
Most importantly, try to see the bright side of life — humor grows from a positive attitude.

Visual Aid 2:
Show a slide with examples of different types of humor: wordplay, irony, and funny situations.

Topic Sentence 3: How to use humor naturally
Being humorous doesn’t mean telling jokes all the time.
It means adding lightness and warmth to your words.
Always be careful not to hurt anyone with your jokes — kind humor is the best humor.
Smile, be confident, and let your personality show.
When your humor is natural, people will enjoy being around you.

Visual Aid 3:
Show two speech bubbles — one with a mean joke and one with a kind, funny comment — to compare the difference.

Conclusion:

In the end, humor isn’t just a talent — it’s a skill that anyone can learn.
It begins with understanding its value, grows with practice, and shines when used naturally.
So next time you talk with your friends, try to share a smile or a light joke.
You might be surprised how a little humor can make your day — and someone else’s — a lot brighter.

Thesis statement: "Forrest Gump" beautifully shows us that life's unpredictability is its charm, every experience is meaningful, and true happiness comes from the heart, not possessions.

Body 1: Topic sentence 1: First, "Forrest Gump" teaches us that life is wonderfully unpredictable, and that's what makes it beautiful. 시각자료 1: (화면: 포레스트가 미국을 가로질러 달리는 상징적인 모습, 또는 "Life is like a box of chocolates" 문구와 초콜릿 상자 이미지) As Forrest says, "Life is like a box of chocolates; you never know what you're gonna get." His journey, from football player to war hero and businessman, wasn't planned. He simply kept going, reminding us that life isn't about control, but about experiencing its surprising turns. This unpredictability makes life worth living.

Body 2: Topic sentence 2: Second, the movie highlights that every experience, good or bad, holds significant meaning and helps shape us. 시각자료 2: (화면: 포레스트가 제니, 댄 중위, 버바 등 다양한 인물들과 함께하는 모습, 또는 그가 겪었던 전쟁, 탁구, 사업 등 여러 장면들을 콜라주 한 이미지) Forrest faces love, loss, and challenges, learning from each. Just like different chocolates, every life moment has a purpose. Sweet times bring joy, while bitter ones strengthen us. Nothing is wasted; every experience builds who we are.

Body 3: Topic sentence 3: Lastly, "Forrest Gump" reminds us that true happiness isn't about what we gain, but about how we feel and the connections we make. 시각자료 3: (화면: 포레스트가 제니와 벤치에 앉아 다정하게 이야기하는 모습, 또는 어머니와 함께 평화롭게 있는 모습, 혹은 그가 평화롭게 낚시하는 장면) Despite fame and wealth, Forrest's happiness comes from love for Jenny, his mother, and friends. He finds joy in simple things like running or being kind. It shows happiness isn't about having more, but appreciating what we have and the love we share. Kindness is his greatest strength.

Conclusion: In summary, "Forrest Gump" is a powerful life lesson. It teaches us to embrace life's surprises, find meaning in every moment, and know that happiness flows from the heart. As Forrest wisely put it, "Life is like a box of chocolates. You never know what you're gonna get." So, let's open our own box with curiosity, courage, and gratitude, enjoying every flavor life offers. Thank you.

Thesis statement:문어의 비밀스러운 삶

Body

Topic sentence 1:문어는 주변 환경에 맞춰 색깔과 피부 질감을 바꿀 수 있습니다.

시각자료 1:사진

Topic sentence 2:문어는 몸의 무늬 변화를 통해 의사소통합니다.

시각자료 2:사진

Topic sentence 3:문어는 자신을 보호하기 위한 다양한 생존 기술을 가지고 있습니다.

시각자료 3:사진

Conclusion:

The Secret Life of Octopuses

In the deep ocean, there is an animal that feels almost like a mystery.

It can change its color, solve problems, and move in ways we can hardly imagine.

Today, I’m going to talk about The Secret Life of Octopuses.

My presentation is about The Secret Life of Octopuses.

Octopuses are amazing creatures with special skills that help them live in the ocean.

Octopuses can change their color and skin texture to match their surroundings.

(Visual Aid 1: Photo of an octopus changing color on coral)

This ability is called camouflage.

Octopuses use special cells in their skin called chromatophores to change color.

They can look like rocks, sand, or coral depending on where they are.

This helps them hide from predators and also catch their prey.

Scientists say an octopus can change its appearance in less than one second.

That’s faster than we can blink our eyes!

Octopuses communicate through changes in their body patterns.

(Visual Aid 2: Photo of a brightly colored octopus communicating)

Even though they don’t make sounds like dolphins or whales, they have their own way to talk.

They use colors and shapes to send messages to other octopuses.

For example, dark colors can mean anger or danger, while light colors can show calmness.

Some scientists believe they even use color signals when they want to find a mate.

Their bodies are like living screens that express their emotions.

Octopuses have many ways to protect themselves from danger.

(Visual Aid 3: Photo of an octopus releasing ink underwater)

When a predator comes close, an octopus can release black ink to hide and escape.

If it gets caught, it can lose one of its arms and grow it back later.

Because they have no bones, they can squeeze through tiny holes to run away.

These amazing skills make the octopus a true survivor of the ocean.

In conclusion, octopuses are not just ordinary sea animals.

They can change color, communicate through patterns, and protect themselves in clever ways.

The more we learn about them, the more we understand how intelligent and mysterious nature can be.

Thank you for listening. 

Some people recognized it was blue and black, while others were certain it was white and gold.

It sounds silly at first , but that photo revealed something incredible about how our brains work.

So,I want to explain why people see the same things differently, using “The Dress” photo as an example.

Before we dive into, look at this graph. One cooperation did survey and this is the surveyed graph.

With this result, scientists and psychologists proposed several theories.

Some argued that it was a psychological illusion — that people’s expectations and attention influenced what they saw.

Others believed it was a physical or biological difference, suggesting that the number of light-sensitive cells in our eyes might vary between individuals.

Both ideas seemed reasonable: maybe it was the mind that changed perception, or the eyes themselves.

However, further studies began to test these possibilities.

If it were purely psychological, people could simply change their mind after being told the real colors — but they didn’t. Their perception stayed the same.

And if it were purely biological, the difference should appear consistently under controlled light. But experiments showed that changing illumination cues could shift what people saw.

In other words, neither the mind alone nor the eye alone could explain it.

Finally, a 2015 study published in Current Biology by Lafer-Sousa, Hermann, and Conway offered the most convincing answer.

They found that the difference comes from how our brains interpret lighting.

When the light source in an image is unclear, the brain makes an unconscious guess:

If you are more exposed to natural light, it looks like white and gold. But if you are more exposed to artificial light, then it looks like blue and black.

This process is known as color constancy, the process where our brains adjust colors automatically to maintain balance under different lighting conditions.

It can be said that our brains aren’t wrong — they’re simply doing their job in different ways.

In conclusion, “The Dress” wasn’t just an internet argument — it was a window into human perception.

Maybe that’s not a flaw, but a reminder:

the world we see is not just out there — it’s also inside our minds.

Thank you.

출처: (1) 드레스 사진(https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5120099/)

(2) 그래프 내용(https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(15)00535-7?_returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0960982215005357%3Fshowall%3Dtrue)

There are three main stages of AI: ANI (Artificial Narrow Intelligence), AGI (Artificial General Intelligence), and ASI (Artificial Super Intelligence).
Each stage represents a different level of ability — from machines that only follow commands to those that might one day surpass human intelligence.

 First, ANI, or Artificial Narrow Intelligence, is also called Weak AI.
It is designed to perform a specific task very well, but it cannot think or understand beyond that task.
For example, chatbots like ChatGPT or Google Gemini or AlphaGo are ANI.
They can answer questions, write texts, or translate languages, but they don’t truly “understand” what they are saying.

Next, AGI, or Artificial General Intelligence, is the next stage.
This type of AI would be able to think, learn, and solve problems like a human being.
It could understand emotions, make independent decisions, and even improve itself.
Unlike ANI, AGI would not need to be programmed for each task — it could learn from experience, just as we do.

Finally, ASI, or Artificial Super Intelligence, is the most advanced stage.
It would surpass human intelligence in every field — science, creativity, and even emotions.
An ASI could design better technology, solve global problems, and maybe even understand the universe better than we can.
However, it also raises serious questions about control and ethics — what happens if machines become smarter than humans?

Conclusion:

In conclusion, AI has come a long way — from narrow intelligence, to the dream of general intelligence, and the potential of super intelligence.
We are living in the age of ANI now, but one day we might face AGI or even ASI.
Understanding these stages helps us prepare for the future — a future where humans and AI might grow together.

Thank you for listening.

사진, 그래프

출처:servicenow, naver, AI times

Have you ever wondered if artificial intelligence can truly feel empathy?

When we talk to AI like ChatGPT, it often replies with kind and thoughtful words.

But does that mean it actually understands how we feel?

Today, I will explore an important question: Can AI really empathize like humans do?

Thesis Statement

My answer is clear: AI cannot truly empathize, because it lacks the mechanism of empathy that exists in the human brain.

Body

Topic Sentence 1: AI cannot feel emotions.

According to Decety and Jackson (2004) in Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews, empathy in humans arises from emotional resonance — a biological process in which our brain mirrors another’s feelings.

AI, however, does not have a brain or hormones. It can recognize emotions through data, but it never feels sadness, joy, or fear itself.

📷 Visual 1: Image comparing the human brain with an AI chip.

Topic Sentence 2: AI’s empathy is only a simulation.

A study by Kim et al. (2024) in Frontiers in Psychology found that AI’s “empathy” is based on algorithmic pattern recognition, not genuine emotional understanding.

Even Le Monde (2025.09.14) warned that “ChatGPT’s fake empathy may become a threat to mental health.”

AI predicts what response sounds caring, but that’s just a simulation — not real empathy.

📊 Visual 2: Diagram showing AI’s emotional language processing.

Topic Sentence 3: AI imitates the form of empathy, not its mechanism.

As Axios (2025.03.23) reported in “The Robot Empathy Divide,” AI mimics emotional behavior through neural networks, but lacks the mirror neuron system that allows humans to feel others’ emotions.

In short, AI copies the appearance of empathy — not its biological essence.

📷 Visual 3: Image comparing human mirror neurons with AI neural networks.

Conclusion

In conclusion, AI can act as if it understands us, but it never truly feels what we feel.

Empathy is not just data — it is a living connection between minds and hearts.

So while AI may speak kindly, true empathy remains a uniquely human gift.

https://share.google/dH9dj6pvo7qXpkVAK

Opening:
Good afternoon, everyone.
What do you think about zoos? Some people say zoos are just prisons for animals. Others say they are important for protecting endangered species. Today, I want to talk about why I believe zoos should continue to exist in our modern society.

Thesis Statement:
Zoos are not only places for entertainment—they serve important roles in education, animal protection, and scientific research.

Body

Topic Sentence 1: The true purpose of zoos
The main purpose of modern zoos is not simply to show animals to people. It is to help humans understand nature and to inspire care for wildlife.
When children see lions, giraffes, or penguins up close, they begin to learn about different species and their habitats. This experience encourages respect for living creatures and a desire to protect them.

시각자료 1: A photo of children observing animals at a zoo or a chart showing how many visitors learn about conservation through zoo programs.

Topic Sentence 2: How zoos protect animals
Zoos play a key role in protecting endangered animals through breeding programs and safe environments. For example, pandas, tigers, and white rhinos have been successfully bred in captivity and later reintroduced into the wild.
Zoos also provide medical care, healthy food, and shelter from hunters or natural disasters. Without zoos, many species might already have disappeared from Earth.

시각자료 2: Images of endangered animals being cared for in zoos, or a map showing species reintroduced to the wild.

Topic Sentence 3: The benefits of having zoos
Zoos benefit not only animals but also humans. They give scientists a chance to study animal behavior closely, leading to discoveries that help both wildlife and humans. Moreover, zoos create emotional connections between people and nature. When people feel close to animals, they are more likely to support environmental protection efforts.

시각자료 3: A bar graph comparing public awareness or donations to conservation before and after zoo visits.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, zoos are not just about entertainment—they are about education, protection, and coexistence.
They remind us that humans share the planet with many other living beings.
So the next time you visit a zoo, remember: it’s not just a place to look at animals. It’s a place where we learn to protect them—and our planet—for the future.

Opening:

Have you ever thought about why sports matter so much in our society?

Sports are not just games that entertain us. They influence how people think, connect, and live together.

From local playgrounds to global stadiums, sports have the power to inspire individuals and unite entire nations.

Thesis statement:

Today, I would like to explain how sports function as a powerful social force by empowering individuals and uniting people as one nation.

Body

Topic sentence 1:

Sports empower individuals by overcoming social and physical limitations, as shown in the inspiring story of Jim Abbott.

Jim Abbott was born without a right hand, yet he became a professional baseball player in Major League Baseball.

Despite his physical challenge, he never gave up on his dream and proved that determination and hard work matter more than physical conditions.

Abbott even pitched a no-hitter in the MLB, which shocked the world and changed how people viewed disability in sports.

His success encouraged people with disabilities to believe in themselves and helped society recognize ability rather than limitation.

Through stories like Jim Abbott’s, sports provide hope, confidence, and equal opportunities to those who are often disadvantaged.

시각자료 1:A photo of Jim Abbott pitching in an MLB(연합뉴스 이미지)

Topic sentence 2:

Sports also play a crucial role in uniting citizens and strengthening national identity through international events such as the World Cup.

During the FIFA World Cup, people from different regions, ages, and backgrounds come together to support their national team.

For example, during the 2002 World Cup, millions of Koreans gathered on the streets to cheer together, creating a powerful sense of unity and pride.

At that moment, differences in class, gender, or occupation disappeared, and everyone became part of one nation.

These shared experiences help people feel connected and remind them that they belong to the same community.

시각자료 2:

An image of crowds cheering during the 2002 World Cup / national flags and fans celebrating together.(연합뉴스 이미지)

Conclusion:

In conclusion, sports are far more than physical competition.

Through individual stories like Jim Abbott’s, sports empower the disadvantaged by promoting equality and confidence.

Through global events like the World Cup, sports unite citizens and strengthen national identity.

Therefore, sports play an essential social role by inspiring individuals and bringing people together as one nation.

That is why sports truly matter in our society.

 Today, I will talk about the principles, advantages, and disadvantages of genetic modification.

 First, let’s look at some examples.
Golden rice is a type of rice that contains vitamin A, which helps prevent blindness in developing countries.
Another example is genetically modified bacteria that produce human insulin. Thanks to this, people with diabetes can get safer and cheaper insulin.
We also have fluorescent fish, which glow under special light. These were made by inserting jellyfish genes into fish.

 Next, I will explain how genetic modification works.
Scientists insert a specific gene from one organism into another using enzymes or vectors like plasmids.
This changes the DNA of the organism, allowing it to express new traits—such as resistance to pests or improved nutrition.

 Finally, let’s talk about the advantages and disadvantages.
Genetic modification has many benefits: it can increase crop yield, improve nutrition, and help produce useful medicines.
However, there are also disadvantages. It may cause unexpected side effects in ecosystems or raise ethical concerns about manipulating life.

In conclusion, genetic modification has great potential to improve our lives, but it must be used carefully and responsibly.
Thank you for listening!

Today, I’m going to talk about ten important attitudes that every chef should have.

Being a chef is not only about cooking delicious food, but also about having the right mindset.

First, a chef must keep everything clean.

Good hygiene is the most basic rule in the kitchen.

Second, accuracy is very important.

Chefs should measure ingredients carefully and follow the right steps.

Third, a chef must have a willingness to learn.

Cooking trends always change, so chefs need to study and improve.

Fourth, responsibility matters.

Chefs are responsible for people’s health and safety.

Fifth, teamwork is essential.

Cooking in a kitchen requires cooperation with others.

Sixth, good time management helps make perfect dishes

Cooking is all about timing!

Seventh, creativity makes food special.

Chefs should try new ideas and create unique flavors.

Eighth, patience is needed

Even when they fail, chefs must keep trying until they succeed.

Ninth, consideration is important.

A good chef always thinks about what customers will enjoy.

And lastly, a chef should have passion.

Loving cooking and taking pride in their work makes a true chef.

In conclusion, a great chef is not made by skill alone, but by cleanliness, responsibility, teamwork, and passion.

Thank you for listening.

From tanks and artillery to advanced missiles, Korean-made weapons are being exported to countries across Europe, the Middle East, and Asia. This rapid rise is not a coincidence — it reflects years of technological innovation and strategic growth.

⸻

Thesis Statement:

Today, I will introduce the key strengths that make South Korea’s defense industry so competitive on the global stage.

⸻

Body

Topic Sentence 1: It offers the best cost-effectiveness.

South Korea’s defense industry stands out for its excellent technology combined with remarkable cost efficiency.

While Western weapons systems often come with extremely high prices, Korean products provide similar performance at a lower cost.

For example, the K9 self-propelled howitzer delivers world-class accuracy and mobility at only a fraction of the cost of its European competitors.

This balance between quality and price has made Korean defense products highly attractive, especially to countries seeking reliable yet affordable equipment.

Visual Aid 1:

A comparison chart showing the cost and performance of the K9 howitzer versus European models like Germany’s PzH 2000.

⸻

Topic Sentence 2: It meets NATO standards.

Another major advantage of the Korean defense industry is that its products comply with NATO standards.

Weapons such as the K2 Black Panther tank and 5.56mm ammunition are designed according to NATO specifications.

This ensures full interoperability with systems used by NATO member states.

As a result, countries in Europe, including Poland and Norway, can easily integrate Korean weapons into their existing military structures.

Meeting NATO standards not only improves compatibility but also boosts export competitiveness in Western markets.

Visual Aid 2:

An image showing Korean-made tanks operating alongside NATO forces, highlighting their interoperability.

⸻

Topic Sentence 3: It has strong mass production capability.

Lastly, South Korea possesses a powerful mass production system that allows for rapid and large-scale delivery.

A prime example is the massive export contract with Poland, involving hundreds of K2 tanks and K9 howitzers — the largest defense export deal in Korean history.

This achievement has strengthened Korea’s production capacity and credibility as a global defense supplier.

It proves that South Korea can deliver high-quality equipment efficiently and on time, even under tight deadlines.

Visual Aid 3:

A photo or infographic showing rows of K2 tanks and K9 howitzers being shipped to Poland.

⸻

Conclusion:

In summary, South Korea’s defense industry has risen to global prominence thanks to three key strengths: cost-effectiveness, compliance with NATO standards, and powerful mass production capability.

These advantages have transformed Korea from an importer of weapons into one of the world’s top defense exporters.

As innovation continues, we can expect the Korean defense industry to play an even greater role in shaping global security in the years to come.

Thank you.

Hello everyone,
Before we begin, let me ask you a question: have you ever used a metaverse app or program?
According to a survey of 710 people, 43.2% said they had used it before but not anymore, 32% had never tried it, and 24.8% are currently using it.
That means nearly seven out of ten people have at least some experience with the metaverse.
Isn’t that interesting? The metaverse is no longer a faraway future—it’s already part of our lives.

시각자료:(스마트학생복)메타버스에 대한 학생들의 인식

https://www.nbntv.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=258767

Thesis statement

Today, I’d like to talk about the value of the metaverse in our world—how it changes the way we experience, learn, and do business.

Body

Topic Sentence 1: What is the metaverse?
So, what exactly is the metaverse?
The term metaverse refers to a virtual space where people can interact with others, objects, and environments through digital avatars.
It includes online games like Roblox or Minecraft, virtual meeting spaces such as Zepeto or VRChat, and even online classrooms.
In short, the metaverse is not just one place—it’s any digital world where people can connect and create together.

Topic Sentence 2: The first value – creating new experiences and opportunities for learning and self-expression
The metaverse allows us to experience things that are impossible in the real world.
For example, students can visit the solar system in 3D, or practice public speaking in front of a virtual audience.
Artists can express their creativity freely by designing virtual spaces, avatars, and digital art.
In this way, the metaverse becomes a space of education, creativity, and personal growth.

시각자료:행복한 눈물의 조건(티안)

Topic Sentence 3: The second value – expanding economic and business opportunities
The metaverse also creates a new digital economy.
People buy and sell virtual items, clothing, and real estate using digital currencies.
Companies use the metaverse to hold virtual meetings, build brand experiences, or test products through simulation.
This opens up a new world of business and innovation where imagination becomes profit.

Conclusion

Let’s go back to the survey from the beginning.
Even though only about a quarter of people use the metaverse right now, almost half have experienced it before.
This shows that the metaverse has already touched many people’s lives and will continue to grow in importance.
In the future, the line between our real world and the virtual one will become even thinner.
So, understanding and exploring the metaverse today means preparing for the world of tomorrow.

Thank you for listening.

If you were to learn a second foreign language, you would most likely choose between Chinese and Japanese—unless you had a particular interest in another language. Many people who are already familiar with Chinese letters tend to choose Chinese, and even those who are not often begin studying it simply because it is popular among their peers.

However, I would like to explain why Japanese may be a better choice. In short, it is easier to learn, and in the long term, it may offer greater advantages. There are three main reasons for this.

First, the grammatical structure of Japanese is similar to that of Korean. While Chinese follows a subject–verb–object word order, similar to English, Japanese uses a subject–object–verb order, which is the same as Korean. This similarity allows Korean speakers to understand and apply Japanese grammar more easily.

Second, the way people speak in Japan is very similar to how we talk in Korea. In Chinese, people often use long and formal sentences, which can make it hard to understand the true meaning. But in Japanese and Korean, people use simple and clear words with body language. This makes it easier for Korean learners to follow and understand.

Third, Japanese pronunciation is generally more manageable for Korean speakers. Chinese requires mastering tones, where pitch differences change the meaning of a word, which can be challenging. Japanese, on the other hand, does not rely on tones, and its sounds are relatively simple and familiar to Korean learners. As a result, pronunciation tends to be less of a barrier.

In conclusion, while both Chinese and Japanese offer valuable opportunities, Japanese may provide a more approachable and sustainable learning experience, particularly for Korean speakers.

[시각자료]

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