Emile Durkheim (1858-1917)
 * French sociologist, cites as the principle architect of modern Social Science. 
 Keys Ideas:
 - much of his work was concerned how societies could maintain their integrity and coherence in modernity, view that sociology as a legitimate science. 
 - Society should analysis and defined by systems, focusing on the concept of structural functionalism, believing that sociology is the study of the society at large and holistic. 
 - Social functionalism – the idea that different parts making up the whole society and if one part changes it impacts the society as a whole i.e. public education system, state provides public education and a disruption in the system could lead to a breakdown of society and may results in children turning to crime, which then leads them to jail (through this process, the system adjusts to the changes and then the society shifts), once changes have taken place, the society transform and act to the changes which may result in rehabilitation process. 
 - Durkheim advises that changes need to occur to improve the society, and the system changes as a result of a need. 
 - Division of labour: shift in society to a more that is more complex, i.e. from a society that thinks the same to a society that is more complex division of beliefs and roles.