Details the reluctance and resistance of Filipinos due to the Colonial response and policies being enforced by the US towards Cholera cases.

Includes oral history, folk belief towards the epidemic focusing on local narratives and memorials

Geographical spread of the disease, including statistics, and trajectory of the disease over the course of the war.

public health and imperial governance, the primary concern of cholera prompted the urge for urgent state intervention.

the epidemic was used as a way to justify US colonial ambitions of a "civilising mission"

The lack of accessible information lead people to turn towards folk belief, religion, superstitions, and more susceptible or vulnerable to misinformation and rumours.

The American Colonial Government carried out a relentless health campaign.

showcases the segregation policies experienced including the failure of American policy in disease containment through orderly means lead to increased death and disorganisation.

Outbreak prompted governments to expand sanitation systems and surveillance.

community adaptability and resilience of the Filipino-Chinese community during the early American Colonial Period.

 The focus on cholera reveals how colonial authorities viewed food as both a marker of civilization and a tool for control. For instance, the American perception of the safety of canned goods, especially during cholera outbreaks.

Cholera, in this context, became a justification for extending surveillance and discipline into Filipino life, showing how public health was used not just to prevent disease but to maintain colonial order.

how a town became a site of racialised medical experiments that justified unequal healthcare and surveillance. Peralta argues that such local healing and care practices represent forms of resistance against colonial power and dominant American medical models.